Total scattering analysis of cation coordination and vacancy pair distribution in Yb substituted δ-Bi2O3

The Fluorite-Like Phase Nd5Mo3O16±δ in the MoO3-Nd2O3 System: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Conducting Properties

This paper describes a study of the system MoO₃-Nd₂O₃ using a combination of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), neutron powder diffraction (NPD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and ac impedance spectroscopy (IS). A phase-pure material is observed at a composition of 45.5 mol % Nd₂O₃, which corresponds to an ideal stoichiometry of Nd₅Mo₃O_16.5. XRD and NPD show that the crystal structure is a superstructure of the fluorite arrangement, with long-range ordering of the two cation species leading to a doubled unit cell parameter. The sample is found to be significantly oxygen deficient, i.e. Nd₅Mo₃O_15.63(4), when it is prepared by a solid-state reaction at 1473 K in air. TGA measurements indicate that the sample loses only minimal mass on heating to 1273 K in O₂. IS studies of the mean conductivity under different atmospheres show that the sample is a mixed conductor between ambient temperature and 873 K, with a dominant electronic component at higher temperatures, as demonstrated by measurements under inert atmosphere. NPD measurements indicate that the anion vacancies are preferentially located on the O2 sites, while studies of the temperature dependence performed under an O₂ atmosphere to 1273 K show significantly anisotropic thermal parameters of the anions. Together with analysis of the total neutron scattering data, this supports a model of oxygen ions hopping between O2 positions, with a vacancy, rather than interstitial, mechanism for the anion diffusion.