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Masson L, Prévot G. Epitaxial growth and structural properties of silicene and other 2D allotropes of Si. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1574-1599. [PMID: 36926561 PMCID: PMC10012843 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00808d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the breakthrough of graphene, considerable efforts have been made to search for two-dimensional (2D) materials composed of other group 14 elements, in particular silicon and germanium, due to their valence electronic configuration similar to that of carbon and their widespread use in the semiconductor industry. Silicene, the silicon counterpart of graphene, has been particularly studied, both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical studies were the first to predict a low-buckled honeycomb structure for free-standing silicene possessing most of the outstanding electronic properties of graphene. From an experimental point of view, as no layered structure analogous to graphite exists for silicon, the synthesis of silicene requires the development of alternative methods to exfoliation. Epitaxial growth of silicon on various substrates has been widely exploited in attempts to form 2D Si honeycomb structures. In this article, we provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art review focusing on the different epitaxial systems reported in the literature, some of which having generated controversy and long debates. In the search for the synthesis of 2D Si honeycomb structures, other 2D allotropes of Si have been discovered and will also be presented in this review. Finally, with a view to applications, we discuss the reactivity and air-stability of silicene as well as the strategy devised to decouple epitaxial silicene from the underlying surface and its transfer to a target substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoffroy Prévot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP F-75005 Paris France
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2
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Yoshinobu J, Mukai K, Ueda H, Yoshimoto S, Shimizu S, Koitaya T, Noritake H, Lee CC, Ozaki T, Fleurence A, Friedlein R, Yamada-Takamura Y. Formation of BN-covered silicene on ZrB 2/Si(111) by adsorption of NO and thermal processes. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:064702. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0011175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshinobu
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, 1-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kozo Mukai
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, 1-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ueda
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, 1-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Shinya Yoshimoto
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, 1-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Sumera Shimizu
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, 1-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Takanori Koitaya
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, 1-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Noritake
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, 1-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lee
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, 1-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Taisuke Ozaki
- The Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, 1-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Antoine Fleurence
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Rainer Friedlein
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamada-Takamura
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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Tran NTT, Gumbs G, Nguyen DK, Lin MF. Fundamental Properties of Metal-Adsorbed Silicene: A DFT Study. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13760-13769. [PMID: 32566841 PMCID: PMC7301544 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sodium, magnesium, and aluminum adatoms, which possess one, two, and three valence electrons, respectively, in terms of 3s, 3s2, and (3s2, 3p) orbitals, are very suitable for helping us understand adsorption-induced diverse phenomena. In this work, the revealing properties of metal (Na/Mg/Al)-adsorbed graphene systems are investigated by means of the first-principles method. The single- and double-sided chemisorption cases, the various adatom concentrations, the hollow/top/valley/bridge sites, and the buckled structures are taken into account. The hollow and valley adsorptions that correspond to the Na/Mg and Al cases, respectively, create extremely nonuniform environments. This leads to diverse orbital hybridizations in Na/Mg/Al-Si bonds, as indicated by the Na/Mg/Al-dominated bands, as well as the spatial charge density distributions and the orbital-projected density of states (DOS). Out of three types of metal-adatom adsorptions, the Al-adsorption configurations produce the strongest chemical modifications. The ferromagnetic configurations have been shown to survive only in specific Mg and Al adsorptions, but not in the Na cases. The presented theoretical predictions could be verified experimentally, and potential applications are discussed. Additionally, important similarities and differences with graphene-related systems are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thanh Thuy Tran
- Hierarchical
Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Godfrey Gumbs
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College
of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Duy Khanh Nguyen
- Laboratory
of Applied Physics, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Division
of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ming-Fa Lin
- Hierarchical
Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department
of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Quantum Topological
Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Warner B, Gill TG, Caciuc V, Atodiresei N, Fleurence A, Yoshida Y, Hasegawa Y, Blügel S, Yamada-Takamura Y, Hirjibehedin CF. Guided Molecular Assembly on a Locally Reactive 2D Material. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703929. [PMID: 29024122 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise engineering of the position of molecular adsorbates on surfaces of 2D materials is key to their development in applications ranging from catalysis to single-molecule spintronics. Here, stable room-temperature templating of individual molecules with localized electronic states on the surface of a locally reactive 2D material, silicene grown on ZrB2 , is demonstrated. Using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory, it is shown that the binding of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) molecules is mediated via the strong chemisorption of the central Fe atom to the sp3 -like dangling bond of Si atoms in the linear silicene domain boundaries. Since the planar Pc ligand couples to the Fe atom mostly through the in-plane d orbitals, localized electronic states resembling those of the free molecule can be resolved. Furthermore, rotation of the molecule is restrained because of charge rearrangement induced by the bonding. These results highlight how nanoscale changes can induce reactivity in 2D materials, which can provide unique surface interactions for enabling novel forms of guided molecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Warner
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London (UCL), London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Tobias G Gill
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London (UCL), London, WC1H 0AH, UK
- Department of Chemistry, UCL, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Vasile Caciuc
- Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicolae Atodiresei
- Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Antoine Fleurence
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshida
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yukio Hasegawa
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Stefan Blügel
- Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yukiko Yamada-Takamura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Cyrus F Hirjibehedin
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London (UCL), London, WC1H 0AH, UK
- Department of Chemistry, UCL, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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