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Navarro E, González MU, Béron F, Tejo F, Escrig J, García-Martín JM. Large-Area Nanopillar Arrays by Glancing Angle Deposition with Tailored Magnetic Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071186. [PMID: 35407304 PMCID: PMC9000416 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ferromagnetic films down to thicknesses of tens of nanometers and composed by polycrystalline Fe and Fe2O3 nanopillars are grown in large areas by glancing angle deposition with magnetron sputtering (MS-GLAD). The morphological features of these films strongly depend on the growth conditions. Vertical or tilted nanopillars have been fabricated depending on whether the substrate is kept rotating azimuthally during deposition or not, respectively. The magnetic properties of these nanopillars films, such as hysteresis loops squareness, adjustable switching fields, magnetic anisotropy and coercivity, can be tuned with the specific morphology. In particular, the growth performed through a collimator mask mounted onto a not rotating azimuthally substrate produces almost isolated well-defined tilted nanopillars that exhibit a magnetic hardening. The first-order reversal curves diagrams and micromagnetic simulations revealed that a growth-induced uniaxial anisotropy, associated with an anisotropic surface morphology produced by the glancing angle deposition in the direction perpendicular to the atomic flux, plays an important role in the observed magnetic signatures. These results demonstrate the potential of the MS-GLAD method to fabricate nanostructured films in large area with tailored structural and magnetic properties for technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Navarro
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-ADIF-CSIC, P.O. Box 155, Las Rozas, 28230 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - María Ujué González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain; (M.U.G.); (J.M.G.-M.)
| | - Fanny Béron
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil;
| | - Felipe Tejo
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170124, Chile; (F.T.); (J.E.)
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Escrig
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170124, Chile; (F.T.); (J.E.)
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - José Miguel García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain; (M.U.G.); (J.M.G.-M.)
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Ferromagnetic Multilayers: Magnetoresistance, Magnetic Anisotropy, and Beyond. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry2020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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He Y, Zhao Y. Advanced multi-component nanostructures designed by dynamic shadowing growth. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2361-2375. [PMID: 21499616 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10103j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic shadowing growth is a simple and powerful nanofabrication technique that combines oblique angle deposition with substrate manipulation in a thin film deposition system, which mainly utilizes self-shadowing effect to form well-aligned nanorod arrays. Many unique nanostructures have been fabricated or designed by properly programming the substrate motions, deposition sources, deposition rates, and shadowing effects in multi-step shadowing growth processes. The formed nanostructures have found many promising applications such as chemical and biological sensors, energy storages, nanomotors, etc., due to their unique characteristics of well-controlled morphologies, structures, and compositions. This review is focused on the design and fabrication of both compositionally and morphologically complex nanostructure arrays by multilayer and co-deposition shadowing growth techniques, and the emphasis will be put on the design and fabrication of multi-component nanostructures with different morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping He
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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Smith W, Zhao YP. Superior photocatalytic performance by vertically aligned core–shell TiO2/WO3 nanorod arrays. CATAL COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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