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Wei H, Ting HZJ, Gong Y, Lü C, Glukhova OE, Zhan H. Torsional Properties of Bundles with Randomly Packed Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050760. [PMID: 35269252 PMCID: PMC8911843 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles/fibers possess promising applications in broad fields, such as artificial muscles and flexible electronics, due to their excellent mechanical properties. The as-prepared CNT bundles contain complex structural features (e.g., different alignments and components), which makes it challenging to predict their mechanical performance. Through in silico studies, this work assessed the torsional performance of CNT bundles with randomly packed CNTs. It is found that CNT bundles with varying constituent CNTs in terms of chirality and diameter exhibit remarkably different torsional properties. Specifically, CNT bundles consisting of CNTs with a relatively large diameter ratio possess lower gravimetric energy density and elastic limit than their counterpart with a small diameter ratio. More importantly, CNT bundles with the same constituent CNTs but different packing morphologies can yield strong variation in their torsional properties, e.g., up to 30%, 16% and 19% difference in terms of gravimetric energy density, elastic limit and elastic constants, respectively. In addition, the separate fracture of the inner and outer walls of double-walled CNTs is found to suppress the gravimetric energy density and elastic limit of their corresponding bundles. These findings partially explain why the experimentally measured mechanical properties of CNT bundles vary from each other, which could benefit the design and fabrication of high-performance CNT bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Wei
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Heidi Zhi Jin Ting
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;
| | - Yongji Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Chaofeng Lü
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.W.); (C.L.)
- Soft Matter Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Olga E. Glukhova
- Department of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Saratov, Russia;
| | - Haifei Zhan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.W.); (C.L.)
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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2
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Iacomi P, Lee JS, Vanduyfhuys L, Cho KH, Fertey P, Wieme J, Granier D, Maurin G, Van Speybroeck V, Chang JS, Yot PG. Crystals springing into action: metal-organic framework CUK-1 as a pressure-driven molecular spring. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5682-5687. [PMID: 34163779 PMCID: PMC8179595 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00205h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury porosimetry and in situ high pressure single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed the wine-rack CUK-1 MOF as a unique crystalline material capable of a fully reversible mechanical pressure-triggered structural contraction. The near-absence of hysteresis upon cycling exhibited by this robust MOF, akin to an ideal molecular spring, is associated with a constant work energy storage capacity of 40 J g−1. Molecular simulations were further deployed to uncover the free-energy landscape behind this unprecedented pressure-responsive phenomenon in the area of compliant hybrid porous materials. This discovery is of utmost importance from the perspective of instant energy storage and delivery. Mercury porosimetry and in situ high pressure single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed the wine-rack CUK-1 MOF as a unique crystalline material capable of a fully reversible mechanical pressure-triggered structural contraction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Iacomi
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM F-34095 Montpellier France +33 4 67 14 42 90 +33 4 67 14 32 94
| | - Ji Sun Lee
- Research Center for Nanocatalysts, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Yusung Daejeon 305-600 Korea
| | - Louis Vanduyfhuys
- Centre for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University Technologiepark 903 B-9052 Zwijnaarde Belgium
| | - Kyung Ho Cho
- Research Center for Nanocatalysts, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Yusung Daejeon 305-600 Korea
| | - Pierre Fertey
- Synchrotron Soleil L'orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin - BP 48 F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France
| | - Jelle Wieme
- Centre for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University Technologiepark 903 B-9052 Zwijnaarde Belgium
| | - Dominique Granier
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM F-34095 Montpellier France +33 4 67 14 42 90 +33 4 67 14 32 94
| | - Guillaume Maurin
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM F-34095 Montpellier France +33 4 67 14 42 90 +33 4 67 14 32 94
| | | | - Jong-San Chang
- Research Center for Nanocatalysts, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Yusung Daejeon 305-600 Korea
| | - Pascal G Yot
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM F-34095 Montpellier France +33 4 67 14 42 90 +33 4 67 14 32 94
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Bai Y, Yue H, Wang J, Shen B, Sun S, Wang S, Wang H, Li X, Xu Z, Zhang R, Wei F. Super-durable ultralong carbon nanotubes. Science 2020; 369:1104-1106. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aay5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue resistance is a key property of the service lifetime of structural materials. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the strongest materials ever discovered, but measuring their fatigue resistance is a challenge because of their size and the lack of effective measurement methods for such small samples. We developed a noncontact acoustic resonance test system for investigating the fatigue behavior of centimeter-long individual CNTs. We found that CNTs have excellent fatigue resistance, which is dependent on temperature, and that the time to fatigue fracture of CNTs is dominated by the time to creation of the first defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongjie Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boyuan Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Silei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xide Li
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rufan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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High density mechanical energy storage with carbon nanothread bundle. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1905. [PMID: 32312980 PMCID: PMC7171126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The excellent mechanical properties of carbon nanofibers bring promise for energy-related applications. Through in silico studies and continuum elasticity theory, here we show that the ultra-thin carbon nanothreads-based bundles exhibit a high mechanical energy storage density. Specifically, the gravimetric energy density is found to decrease with the number of filaments, with torsion and tension as the two dominant contributors. Due to the coupled stresses, the nanothread bundle experiences fracture before reaching the elastic limit of any individual deformation mode. Our results show that nanothread bundles have similar mechanical energy storage capacity compared to (10,10) carbon nanotube bundles, but possess their own advantages. For instance, the structure of the nanothread allows us to realize the full mechanical energy storage potential of its bundle structure through pure tension, with a gravimetric energy density of up to 1.76 MJ kg−1, which makes them appealing alternative building blocks for energy storage devices. Carbon nanothreads are promising for applications in mechanical energy storage and energy harvesting. Here the authors use large-scale molecular dynamics simulations and continuum elasticity theory to explore mechanical energy storage in carbon nanothreads-based bundles.
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Bai Y, Shen B, Zhang S, Zhu Z, Sun S, Gao J, Li B, Wang Y, Zhang R, Wei F. Storage of Mechanical Energy Based on Carbon Nanotubes with High Energy Density and Power Density. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1800680. [PMID: 30357976 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Energy storage in a proper form is an important way to meet the fast increase in the demand for energy. Among the strategies for storing energy, storage of mechanical energy via suitable media is widely utilized by human beings. With a tensile strength over 100 GPa, and a Young's modulus over 1 TPa, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as one of the strongest materials ever found and exhibit overwhelming advantages for storing mechanical energy. For example, the tensile-strain energy density of CNTs is as high as 1125 Wh kg-1 . In addition, CNTs also exhibit great potential for fabricating flywheels to store kinetic energy with both high energy density (8571 Wh kg-1 ) and high power density (2 MW kg-1 to 2 GW kg-1 ). Here, an overview of some typical mechanical-energy-storage systems and materials is given. Then, theoretical and experimental studies on the mechanical properties of CNTs and CNT assemblies are introduced. Afterward, the strategies for utilizing CNTs to store mechanical energy are discussed. In addition, macroscale production of CNTs is summarized. Finally, future trends and prospects in the development of CNTs used as mechanical-energy-storage materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Boyuan Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shenli Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Silei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Banghao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rufan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Zhang R, Zhang Y, Wei F. Horizontally aligned carbon nanotube arrays: growth mechanism, controlled synthesis, characterization, properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:3661-3715. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00104e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the growth mechanism, controlled synthesis, characterization, properties and applications of horizontally aligned carbon nanotube arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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Abstract
We report the continuous preparation of long CNT fibers and continuous twisting of the fibers to springs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Nong Wang
- Nano Carbon Research Center
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
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8
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Jagtap P, Kumar A, Kumar P. Effect of electric field on creep and stress-relaxation behavior of carbon nanotube forests. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16091c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotube forests (CNTFs) are porous ensembles of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, exhibiting excellent reversible compressibility and electric field tunable stress–strain, creep, and viscoelastic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Jagtap
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
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9
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Peng Q, De S. Outstanding mechanical properties of monolayer MoS2 and its application in elastic energy storage. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 15:19427-37. [PMID: 24126736 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52879k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The structural and mechanical properties of graphene-like honeycomb monolayer structures of MoS2 (g-MoS2) under various large strains are investigated using density functional theory (DFT). g-MoS2 is mechanically stable and can sustain extra large strains: the ultimate strains are 0.24, 0.37, and 0.26 for armchair, zigzag, and biaxial deformation, respectively. The in-plane stiffness is as high as 120 N m(-1) (184 GPa equivalently). The third, fourth, and fifth order elastic constants are indispensable for accurate modeling of the mechanical properties under strains larger than 0.04, 0.07, and 0.13 respectively. The second order elastic constants, including in-plane stiffness, are predicted to monotonically increase with pressure while the Poisson ratio monotonically decreases with increasing pressure. With the prominent mechanical properties including large ultimate strains and in-plane stiffness, g-MoS2 is a promising candidate of elastic energy storage for clean energy. It possesses a theoretical energy storage capacity as high as 8.8 MJ L(-1) and 1.7 MJ kg(-1), or 476 W h kg(-1), larger than a Li-ion battery and is environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Peng
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Huang Y, Lin J, Zou J, Wang MS, Faerstein K, Tang C, Bando Y, Golberg D. Thin boron nitride nanotubes with exceptionally high strength and toughness. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:4840-4846. [PMID: 23615971 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00651d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bending manipulation and direct force measurements of ultrathin boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) were performed inside a transmission electron microscope. Our results demonstrate an obvious transition in mechanics of BNNTs when the external diameters of nanotubes are in the range of 10 nm or less. During in situ transmission electron microscopy bending tests, characteristic "hollow" ripple-like structures formed in the bent ultrathin BNNTs with diameters of sub-10 nm. This peculiar buckling/bending mode makes the ultrathin BNNTs hold very high post-buckling loads which significantly exceed their initial buckling forces. Exceptional compressive/bending strength as high as ∼1210 MPa was observed. Moreover, the analysis of reversible bending force curves of such ultrathin nanotubes indicates that they may store/adsorb strain energy at a density of ~400 × 10(6) J m(-3). Such nanotubes are thus very promising for strengthening and toughening of structural ceramics and may find potential applications as effective energy-absorbing materials like armor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Huang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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Teich D, Fthenakis ZG, Seifert G, Tománek D. Nanomechanical energy storage in twisted nanotube ropes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:255501. [PMID: 23368478 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.255501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We determine the deformation energetics and energy density of twisted carbon nanotubes and nanotube ropes that effectively constitute a torsional spring. Using ab initio and parametrized density functional calculations, we identify structural changes in these systems and determine their elastic limits. The deformation energy of twisted nanotube ropes contains contributions associated not only with twisting but also with stretching, bending, and compression of individual nanotubes. We quantify these energy contributions and show that their relative role changes with the number of nanotubes in the rope.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Teich
- Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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Zhang Y, Xu Y, Li Z, Chen T, Lantz SM, Howard PC, Paule MG, Slikker W, Watanabe F, Mustafa T, Biris AS, Ali SF. Mechanistic toxicity evaluation of uncoated and PEGylated single-walled carbon nanotubes in neuronal PC12 cells. ACS NANO 2011; 5:7020-7033. [PMID: 21866971 DOI: 10.1021/nn2016259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated and compared the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and SWCNTs functionalized with polyethylene glycol (SWCNT-PEGs) in neuronal PC12 cells at the biochemical, cellular, and gene expressional levels. SWCNTs elicited cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, and SWCNT-PEGs exhibited less cytotoxic potency than uncoated SWCNTs. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated in both a concentration- and surface coating-dependent manner after exposure to these nanomaterials, indicating different oxidative stress mechanisms. More specifically, gene expression analysis showed that the genes involved in oxidoreductases and antioxidant activity, nucleic acid or lipid metabolism, and mitochondria dysfunction were highly represented. Interestingly, alteration of the genes is also surface coating-dependent with a good correlation with the biochemical data. These findings suggest that surface functionalization of SWCNTs decreases ROS-mediated toxicological response in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Zhang
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
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Zhang R, Wen Q, Qian W, Su DS, Zhang Q, Wei F. Superstrong ultralong carbon nanotubes for mechanical energy storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:3387-3391. [PMID: 21671453 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rufan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction, Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, China
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