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Enhanced Signal-to-Noise and Fast Calibration of Optical Tweezers Using Single Trapping Events. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12050570. [PMID: 34067843 PMCID: PMC8156233 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The trap stiffness us the key property in using optical tweezers as a force transducer. Force reconstruction via maximum-likelihood-estimator analysis (FORMA) determines the optical trap stiffness based on estimation of the particle velocity from statistical trajectories. Using a modification of this technique, we determine the trap stiffness for a two micron particle within 2 ms to a precision of ∼10% using camera measurements at 10 kfps with the contribution of pixel noise to the signal being larger the level Brownian motion. This is done by observing a particle fall into an optical trap once at a high stiffness. This type of calibration is attractive, as it avoids the use of a nanopositioning stage, which makes it ideal for systems of large numbers of particles, e.g., micro-fluidics or active matter systems.
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2
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Smith D, Woods C, Seddon A, Hoerber H. Photophoretic separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes: a novel approach to selective chiral sorting. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:5221-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54812k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rkiouak L, Tang MJ, Camp JCJ, McGregor J, Watson IM, Cox RA, Kalberer M, Ward AD, Pope FD. Optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy of solid particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11426-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00994k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stable levitation and spectroscopic interrogation of solid particles is achieved, over extended time periods, using a new optical trap design.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Rkiouak
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences
| | - M. J. Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences
| | - J. C. J. Camp
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
| | - J. McGregor
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - I. M. Watson
- Department of Earth Sciences
- University of Bristol
- Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - R. A. Cox
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - M. Kalberer
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - A. D. Ward
- Central Laser Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot, UK
| | - F. D. Pope
- School of Geography
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Pacoret C, Régnier S. Invited article: a review of haptic optical tweezers for an interactive microworld exploration. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:081301. [PMID: 24007046 DOI: 10.1063/1.4818912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper is the first review of haptic optical tweezers, a new technique which associates force feedback teleoperation with optical tweezers. This technique allows users to explore the microworld by sensing and exerting picoNewton-scale forces with trapped microspheres. Haptic optical tweezers also allow improved dexterity of micromanipulation and micro-assembly. One of the challenges of this technique is to sense and magnify picoNewton-scale forces by a factor of 10(12) to enable human operators to perceive interactions that they have never experienced before, such as adhesion phenomena, extremely low inertia, and high frequency dynamics of extremely small objects. The design of optical tweezers for high quality haptic feedback is challenging, given the requirements for very high sensitivity and dynamic stability. The concept, design process, and specification of optical tweezers reviewed here are focused on those intended for haptic teleoperation. In this paper, two new specific designs as well as the current state-of-the-art are presented. Moreover, the remaining important issues are identified for further developments. The initial results obtained are promising and demonstrate that optical tweezers have a significant potential for haptic exploration of the microworld. Haptic optical tweezers will become an invaluable tool for force feedback micromanipulation of biological samples and nano- and micro-assembly parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Pacoret
- Institut des systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR 7222, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex, France
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Bui AAM, Stilgoe AB, Nieminen TA, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Calibration of nonspherical particles in optical tweezers using only position measurement. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:1244-6. [PMID: 23595446 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonspherical probe particles are an attractive choice for optically-trapped scanning probe microscopy. We show that it is possible to calibrate a trap with a nonspherical particle using only position measurements, without requiring measurement of orientation, using a pseudopotential based on the position occupation probability. It is not necessary to assume the force is linear with displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann A M Bui
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Bowman RW, Padgett MJ. Optical trapping and binding. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2013; 76:026401. [PMID: 23302540 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/76/2/026401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of light's momentum was first observed in the laboratory at the beginning of the twentieth century, and its potential for manipulating microscopic particles was demonstrated by Ashkin some 70 years later. Since that initial demonstration, and the seminal 1986 paper where a single-beam gradient-force trap was realized, optical trapping has been exploited as both a rich example of physical phenomena and a powerful tool for sensitive measurement. This review outlines the underlying theory of optical traps, and explores many of the physical observations that have been made in such systems. These phenomena include 'optical binding', where trapped objects interact with one another through the trapping light field. We also discuss a number of the applications of 'optical tweezers' across the physical and life sciences, as well as covering some of the issues involved in constructing and using such a tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Bowman
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Olof SN, Grieve JA, Phillips DB, Rosenkranz H, Yallop ML, Miles MJ, Patil AJ, Mann S, Carberry DM. Measuring nanoscale forces with living probes. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:6018-23. [PMID: 23092335 DOI: 10.1021/nl303585w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical trapping techniques have been used to investigate fundamental biological processes ranging from the identification of the processive mechanisms of kinesin and myosin to understanding the mechanics of DNA. To date, these investigations have relied almost exclusively on the use of isotropic probes based on colloidal microspheres. However, there are many potential advantages in utilizing more complex probe morphologies: use of multiple trapping points enables control of the interaction volume; increasing the distance between the optical trap and the sample minimizes photodamage in sensitive biological materials; and geometric anisotropy introduces the potential for asymmetric surface chemistry and multifunctional probes. Here we demonstrate that living cells of the freshwater diatom Nitzschia subacicularis Hustedt can be exploited as advanced probes for holographic optical tweezing applications. We characterize the optical and material properties associated with the high shape anisotropy of the silica frustule, examine the trapping behavior of the living algal cells, and demonstrate how the diatoms can be calibrated for use as force sensors and as force probes in the presence of rat B-cell hybridoma (11B11) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Olof
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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8
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Donato MG, Vasi S, Sayed R, Jones PH, Bonaccorso F, Ferrari AC, Gucciardi PG, Maragò OM. Optical trapping of nanotubes with cylindrical vector beams. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:3381-3383. [PMID: 23381264 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.003381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We use laser beams with radial and azimuthal polarization to optically trap carbon nanotubes. We measure force constants and trap parameters as a function of power showing improved axial trapping efficiency with respect to linearly polarized beams. The analysis of the thermal fluctuations highlights a significant change in the optical trapping potential when using cylindrical vector beams. This enables the use of polarization states to shape optical traps according to the particle geometry, as well as paving the way to nanoprobe-based photonic force microscopy with increased performance compared to a standard linearly polarized configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Donato
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Messina, Italy.
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Simpson SH, Hanna S. Stability analysis and thermal motion of optically trapped nanowires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:205502. [PMID: 22543265 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/20/205502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the stability and thermal motion of optically trapped nanowires, with aspect ratios in the range 10-100. A simple analytical model is used to determine qualitative features of the system, assuming that the nanowire is weakly scattering and the incident beam is paraxial. As expected, the model predicts that the nanowire will align with the beam axis. In this configuration the translational stiffness coefficients of the trap approach their limiting values for long nanowires like O(L(-3)), where L is the nanowire length, the limit for the stiffness parallel to the beam axis being zero. The rotational stiffness coefficients vary more slowly, according to O(L(-1)). Also, it is predicted that defocusing decreases the translational stiffness perpendicular to the beam, while increasing rotational stiffness. These findings are reinforced by comparison with rigorous electromagnetic calculations which additionally reveal the effects of radiation pressure and finite scattering. A strong polarization effect is observed in the numerical simulations and coupled translational and rotational motions arise which influence the trap stability. The use of nanowire traps for force sensing is discusse.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Simpson
- H H Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
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Palima D, Bañas AR, Vizsnyiczai G, Kelemen L, Ormos P, Glückstad J. Wave-guided optical waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:2004-14. [PMID: 22330441 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This work primarily aims to fabricate and use two photon polymerization (2PP) microstructures capable of being optically manipulated into any arbitrary orientation. We have integrated optical waveguides into the structures and therefore have freestanding waveguides, which can be positioned anywhere in the sample at any orientation using optical traps. One of the key aspects to the work is the change in direction of the incident plane wave, and the marked increase in the numerical aperture demonstrated. Hence, the optically steered waveguide can tap from a relatively broader beam and then generate a more tightly confined light at its tip. The paper contains both simulation, related to the propagation of light through the waveguide, and experimental demonstrations using our BioPhotonics Workstation. In a broader context, this work shows that optically trapped microfabricated structures can potentially help bridge the diffraction barrier. This structure-mediated paradigm may be carried forward to open new possibilities for exploiting beams from far-field optics down to the subwavelength domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Palima
- DTU Fotonik, Dept. of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Donato MG, Monaca MA, Faggio G, Stefano LD, Jones PH, Gucciardi PG, Maragò OM. Optical trapping of porous silicon nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:505704. [PMID: 22108540 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/50/505704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanoparticles obtained by ball-milling of a 50% porosity silicon layer have been optically trapped when dispersed in a water-surfactant environment. We measured the optical force constants using linearly and radially polarized trapping beams finding a reshaping of the optical potential and an enhanced axial spring constant for the latter. These measurements open perspectives for the control and handling of silicon nanoparticles as labeling agents in biological analysis and fluorescence imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Donato
- IPCF-CNR, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F Stagno d'Alcontres 37, I-98158 Messina, Italy
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Irrera A, Artoni P, Saija R, Gucciardi PG, Iatì MA, Borghese F, Denti P, Iacona F, Priolo F, Maragò OM. Size-scaling in optical trapping of silicon nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:4879-4884. [PMID: 21967286 DOI: 10.1021/nl202733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate size-scaling in optical trapping of ultrathin silicon nanowires showing how length regulates their Brownian dynamics, optical forces, and torques. Force and torque constants are measured on nanowires of different lengths through correlation function analysis of their tracking signals. Results are compared with a full electromagnetic theory of optical trapping developed in the transition matrix framework, finding good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Irrera
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, I-98158 Messina, Italy
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Phillips DB, Simpson SH, Grieve JA, Gibson GM, Bowman R, Padgett MJ, Miles MJ, Carberry DM. Position clamping of optically trapped microscopic non-spherical probes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:20622-20627. [PMID: 21997071 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.020622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the degree of control that can be exercised over an optically trapped microscopic non-spherical force probe. By position clamping translational and rotational modes in different ways, we are able to dramatically improve the position resolution of our probe with no reduction in sensitivity. We also demonstrate control over rotational-translational coupling, and exhibit a mechanism whereby the average centre of rotation of the probe can be displaced away from its centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Phillips
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratories, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
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Di Leonardo R, Cammarota E, Bolognesi G, Schäfer H, Steinhart M. Three-dimensional to two-dimensional crossover in the hydrodynamic interactions between micron-scale rods. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:044501. [PMID: 21867010 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.044501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Moving micron-scale objects are strongly coupled to each other by hydrodynamic interactions. The strength of this coupling decays with the inverse particle separation when the two objects are sufficiently far apart. It has been recently demonstrated that the reduced dimensionality of a thin fluid layer gives rise to longer-ranged, logarithmic coupling. Using holographic tweezers we show that microrods display both behaviors interacting like point particles in three dimensions at large distances and like point particles in two dimensions for distances shorter then their length. We derive a simple analytical expression that fits our data remarkably well and further validate it with finite element analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Leonardo
- IPCF-CNR, UOS Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy
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Phillips DB, Grieve JA, Olof SN, Kocher SJ, Bowman R, Padgett MJ, Miles MJ, Carberry DM. Surface imaging using holographic optical tweezers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:285503. [PMID: 21646693 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/28/285503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present an imaging technique using an optically trapped cigar-shaped probe controlled using holographic optical tweezers. The probe is raster scanned over a surface, allowing an image to be taken in a manner analogous to scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with automatic closed loop feedback control provided by analysis of the probe position recorded using a high speed CMOS camera. The probe is held using two optical traps centred at least 10 µm from the ends, minimizing laser illumination of the tip, so reducing the chance of optical damage to delicate samples. The technique imparts less force on samples than contact SPM techniques, and allows highly curved and strongly scattering samples to be imaged, which present difficulties for imaging using photonic force microscopy. To calibrate our technique, we first image a known sample--the interface between two 8 µm polystyrene beads. We then demonstrate the advantages of this technique by imaging the surface of the soft alga Pseudopediastrum. The scattering force of our laser applied directly onto this sample is enough to remove it from the surface, but we can use our technique to image the algal surface with minimal disruption while it is alive, not adhered and in physiological conditions. The resolution is currently equivalent to confocal microscopy, but as our technique is not diffraction limited, there is scope for significant improvement by reducing the tip diameter and limiting the thermal motion of the probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Phillips
- H H Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
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Simpson SH, Hanna S. First-order nonconservative motion of optically trapped nonspherical particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:031141. [PMID: 21230059 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.031141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that optical force fields are not conservative. This has important consequences for the thermal motion of optically trapped dielectric spheres. In particular, the spheres do not reach thermodynamic equilibrium. Instead, a steady state is achieved in which the stochastic trajectory contains an underlying deterministic bias toward cyclic motion, and the energy of the sphere deviates from that implied by the equipartition theorem. Such effects are second order and only observed at low trap powers when the sphere is able to explore regions of the trap beyond the linear regime. Analogous effects may be expected for particles of less than spherical symmetry. However, in this case the effects are first order and depend on the linear term in the optical force field. As such they are not suppressed by increases in beam power, although the frequency and amplitude of the cyclic motion will be affected by it. In this paper, we present an analysis of the first-order nonconservative behavior of nonspherical particles in optical traps. The analysis is supported by optical force calculations and brownian dynamics simulations of dielectric microrods held vertically in gaussian optical traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Simpson
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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