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Yang M, Wang Y, Dong L, Xu Z, Liu Y, Hu N, Kong ESW, Zhao J, Peng C. Gas Sensors Based on Chemically Reduced Holey Graphene Oxide Thin Films. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:218. [PMID: 31263969 PMCID: PMC6603111 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The nanosheet stacking phenomenon in graphene thin films significantly deteriorates their gas-sensing performance. This nanosheet stacking issue should be solved and reduced to enhance the gas detection sensitivity. In this study, we report a novel ammonia (NH3) gas sensor based on holey graphene thin films. The precursors, holey graphene oxide (HGO) nanosheets, were prepared by etching graphene under UV irradiation with Fenton reagent (Fe2+/Fe3+/H2O2). Holey graphene was prepared by the reduction of HGO (rHGO) with pyrrole. Holey graphene thin-film gas sensors were prepared by depositing rHGO suspensions onto the electrodes. The resulting sensing devices show excellent response, sensitivity, and selectivity to NH3. The resistance change is 2.81% when the NH3 level is as low as 1 ppm, whereas the resistance change is 11.32% when the NH3 level is increased to 50 ppm. Furthermore, the rHGO thin-film gas sensor could be quickly restored to their initial states without the stimulation with an IR lamp. In addition, the devices showed excellent repeatability. The resulting rHGO thin-film gas sensor has a great potential for applications in numerous sensing fields because of its low cost, low energy consumption, and outstanding sensing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Nantao Hu
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Eric Siu-Wai Kong
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for RF Integration and Micropackaging, College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 People’s Republic of China
| | - Changsi Peng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 People’s Republic of China
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Improved NO 2 Gas Sensing Properties of Graphene Oxide Reduced by Two-beam-laser Interference. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4918. [PMID: 29559672 PMCID: PMC5861053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of a NO2 gas sensor from room-temperature reduction of graphene oxide(GO) via two-beam-laser interference (TBLI). The method of TBLI gives the distribution of periodic dissociation energies for oxygen functional groups, which are capable to reduce the graphene oxide to hierarchical graphene nanostructures, which holds great promise for gaseous molecular adsorption. The fabricated reduced graphene oxide(RGO) sensor enhanced sensing response in NO2 and accelerated response/recovery rates. It is seen that, for 20 ppm NO2, the response (Ra/Rg) of the sensor based on RGO hierarchical nanostructures is 1.27, which is higher than that of GO (1.06) and thermal reduced RGO (1.04). The response time and recovery time of the sensor based on laser reduced RGO are 10 s and 7 s, which are much shorter than those of GO (34 s and 45 s), indicating that the sensing performances for NO2 sensor at room temperature have been enhanced by introduction of nanostructures. This mask-free and large-area approach to the production of hierarchical graphene micro-nanostructures, could lead to the implementation of future graphene-based sensors.
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Huang CH, Wang YY, Lu TH, Li YC. Flexible Transparent Electrode of Hybrid Ag-Nanowire/Reduced-Graphene-Oxide Thin Film on PET Substrate Prepared Using H2/Ar Low-Damage Plasma. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9010028. [PMID: 30970702 PMCID: PMC6431900 DOI: 10.3390/polym9010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We employ H₂/Ar low-damage plasma treatment (H₂/Ar-LDPT) to reduce graphene oxide (GO) coating on a polymer substrate-polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-with the assistance of atomic hydrogen (Hα) at low temperature of 70 °C. Four-point probing and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy demonstrate that the conductivity and transmittance can be controlled by varying the H₂/Ar flow rate, treatment time, and radio-frequency (RF) power. Optical emission spectroscopy reveals that the Hα intensity depends on these processing parameters, which influence the removal of oxidative functional groups (confirmed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) to yield reduced GO (rGO). To further improve the conductivity while maintaining high transmittance, we introduce silver nanowires (AgNWs) between rGO and a PET substrate to obtain a hybrid rGO/AgNWs/PET with a sheet resistance of ~100 Ω/sq and 81% transmittance. In addition, the hybrid rGO/AgNWs thin film also shows high flexibility and durability and is suitable for flexible and wearable electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsien Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist., New Taipei City 243, Taiwan.
| | - Yin-Yin Wang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist., New Taipei City 243, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Han Lu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist., New Taipei City 243, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Cheng Li
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 195, Sec. 4, Chung Hsin Rd., Chutung, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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Zhang J, Liu X, Neri G, Pinna N. Nanostructured Materials for Room-Temperature Gas Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:795-831. [PMID: 26662346 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sensor technology has an important effect on many aspects in our society, and has gained much progress, propelled by the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Current research efforts are directed toward developing high-performance gas sensors with low operating temperature at low fabrication costs. A gas sensor working at room temperature is very appealing as it provides very low power consumption and does not require a heater for high-temperature operation, and hence simplifies the fabrication of sensor devices and reduces the operating cost. Nanostructured materials are at the core of the development of any room-temperature sensing platform. The most important advances with regard to fundamental research, sensing mechanisms, and application of nanostructured materials for room-temperature conductometric sensor devices are reviewed here. Particular emphasis is given to the relation between the nanostructure and sensor properties in an attempt to address structure-property correlations. Finally, some future research perspectives and new challenges that the field of room-temperature sensors will have to address are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xianghong Liu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW-Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chemistry and Industrial Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Pinna
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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Kong L, Enders A, Rahman TS, Dowben PA. Molecular adsorption on graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:443001. [PMID: 25287516 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/44/443001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Current studies addressing the engineering of charge carrier concentration and the electronic band gap in epitaxial graphene using molecular adsorbates are reviewed. The focus here is on interactions between the graphene surface and the adsorbed molecules, including small gas molecules (H(2)O, H(2), O(2), CO, NO(2), NO, and NH(3)), aromatic, and non-aromatic molecules (F4-TCNQ, PTCDA, TPA, Na-NH(2), An-CH(3), An-Br, Poly (ethylene imine) (PEI), and diazonium salts), and various biomolecules such as peptides, DNA fragments, and other derivatives. This is followed by a discussion on graphene-based gas sensor concepts. In reviewing the studies of the effects of molecular adsorption on graphene, it is evident that the strong manipulation of graphene's electronic structure, including p- and n-doping, is not only possible with molecular adsorbates, but that this approach appears to be superior compared to these exploiting edge effects, local defects, or strain. However, graphene-based gas sensors, albeit feasible because huge adsorbate-induced variations in the relative conductivity are possible, generally suffer from the lack of chemical selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmei Kong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, Theodore Jorgensen Hall, 855 North 16th Street, University of Nebraska, PO Box 880299, Lincoln, NE 68588-0299, USA
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Nebogatikova NA, Antonova IV, Prinz VY, Volodin VA, Zatsepin DA, Kurmaev EZ, Zhidkov IS, Cholakh SO. Functionalization of graphene and few-layer graphene films in an hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078014010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Antonova IV, Kotin IA, Soots RA, Volodin VA, Prinz VY. Tunable properties of few-layer graphene-N-methylpyrrolidone hybrid structures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:315601. [PMID: 22797135 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/31/315601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A few-layer graphene-based hybrid material with high thermal and chemical stability and reproducible and tunable electronic properties was fabricated by intercalation of N-methylpyrrolidone into a few-layer graphene combined with heat treatment. Depending on the process temperature, the obtained material could be produced with the following properties: a broad range of resistivity values (six to seven orders of magnitude) in combination with a high carrier mobility, a tunable band-gap (from 0 up to 3-4 eV) and sp² or sp³ hybridization of carbon atoms. The extremely strong step-like temperature dependence (within 10 °C) of its properties observed in the vicinity of two temperatures, 90 and 200 °C, seems to be important for various applications. The hybrid material opens viable routes to progress in the design of three-dimensional nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Antonova
- A V Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Prospekt Lavrentieva 13, 630090 Russia.
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Mao S, Cui S, Lu G, Yu K, Wen Z, Chen J. Tuning gas-sensing properties of reduced graphene oxide using tin oxide nanocrystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30378g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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