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Wang L, Zhou Q, Yang H. A Facile Fabrication of Lysosome-Targeting pH Fluorescent Nanosensor Based on PEGylated Polyester Block Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122420. [PMID: 35745996 PMCID: PMC9231249 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel lysosome-targeting PEGylated polyester-based fluorescent pH nanosensor is fabricated by the combination of ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP), side-group modification and subsequent self-assembly. First, a key target amphiphilic copolymer carrier for rhodamine (Rh) pH indicator is synthesized in a facile manner by the ROCOP of phthalic anhydride with allyl glycidyl ether using mPEG-OH and t-BuP1/Et3B as the macroinitiator and binary catalyst, respectively. Subsequently, Rh moieties are covalently attached on the polymer chain with controllable grafting degree via an efficient thiol-ene click reaction. Concurrently, the effect of catalyst systems and reaction conditions on the catalytic copolymerization performance is presented, and the quantitative introduction of Rh is described in detail. Owing to its amphiphilic characteristics, the rhodamine-functionalized polyester-based block copolymer can self-assemble into micelles. With the covalent incorporation of Rh moieties, the as-formed micelles exhibit excellent absorption and fluorescence-responsive sensitivity and selectivity towards H+ in the presence of various metal cations. Moreover, the as-prepared micelles with favorable water dispersibility, good pH sensitivity and excellent biocompatibility also display appreciable cell-membrane permeability, staining ability and pH detection capability for lysosomes in living cells. This work provides a new strategy for the facile synthesis of novel biocompatible polymeric fluorescent pH nanosensors for the fluorescence imaging of lysosomal pH changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanocomposite Sensing Materials, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Qiang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Q.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Haiyang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Q.Z.); (H.Y.)
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Ehtesabi H, Hallaji Z, Najafi Nobar S, Bagheri Z. Carbon dots with pH-responsive fluorescence: a review on synthesis and cell biological applications. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:150. [PMID: 31989317 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-4091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes state of the art synthesis and applications of carbon dots (CDs) with pH-responsive fluorescence. Following an introduction, the first section covers methods for the preparation of pH-responsive CDs, with subsections on general methods for preparing CDs (by hydrothermal, solvothermal, electrochemical, microwave, laser ablation, pyrolysis or chemical oxidation polymerization methods), and on precursors for synthesis. This is followed by a section on the mechanisms of pH-responsivity (by creating new functional groups, change of energy levels, protonation and deprotonation, aggregation, or by introduction shells). Several Tables are presented that give an overview of the wealth of methods and materials. A final section covers applications of carbon dots (CDs) with pH-responsive fluorescence for sensing, drug delivery, and imaging. The conclusion summarizes the current status, addresses challenges, and gives an outlook on potential future trends. Graphical abstract The synthesis and biological applications of carbon dots(CDs) with pH-responsive fluorescence are summarized. Precursors and methods for preparation of pH-responsive CDs, mechanisms of pH-responsivity, and biological applications of CDs with pH-responsive fluorescence for sensing, drug delivery, and imaging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamide Ehtesabi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, 19839-69411, Iran
| | - Zahra Hallaji
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Shima Najafi Nobar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 19697-64499, Iran
| | - Zeinab Bagheri
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, 19839-69411, Iran.
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Wang W, Li X, Hou X, Wang S, Wang F, Luo X. Controlled-Release-Based Ultrasensitive and Highly Selective Turn-On Fluorescent Mercury Biosensor. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 P.R. China
| | - Shiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 P.R. China
| | - Fengying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 P.R. China
| | - Xiliang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 P.R. China
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Canning S, Neal TJ, Armes SP. pH-Responsive Schizophrenic Diblock Copolymers Prepared by Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2017; 50:6108-6116. [PMID: 28867829 PMCID: PMC5577634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is used for the highly convenient and efficient preparation of ampholytic diblock copolymer nanoparticles directly in acidic aqueous solution. Cationic nanoparticles comprising a protonated polyamine stabilizer block and a hydrophobic polyacid core-forming block are formed at pH 2. Micelle inversion occurs at pH 10 to produce anionic nanoparticles with an ionized polyacid stabilizer block and a hydrophobic polyamine core-forming block. Macroscopic precipitation occurs at around pH 6-7, which lies close to the isoelectric point of this ampholytic diblock copolymer. Incorporation of fluorescein and rhodamine dye labels into the acid and amine blocks, respectively, leads to dual-color bifluorescent self-reporting pH-responsive nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah
L. Canning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles for the fluorescent detection of metal ions. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 63:61-71. [PMID: 25058940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (F-CNPs) as a new kind of fluorescent nanoparticles, have recently attracted considerable research interest in a wide range of applications due to their low-cost and good biocompatibility. The fluorescent detection of metal ions is one of the most important applications. In this review, we first present the general detection mechanism of F-CNPs for the fluorescent detection of metal ions, including fluorescence turn-off, fluorescence turn-on, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and ratiometric response. We then focus on the recent advances of F-CNPs in the fluorescent detection of metal ions, including Hg(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(3+), and other metal ions. Further, we discuss the research trends and future prospects of F-CNPs. We envision that more novel F-CNPs-based nanosensors with more accuracy and robustness will be widely used to assay and remove various metal ions, and there will be more practical applications in coming years.
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Biswal B, Bag B. Preferences of rhodamine coupled (aminoalkyl)-piperazine probes towards Hg(II) ion and their FRET mediated signaling. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4975-92. [PMID: 23783407 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40648b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The metal ion induced absorption and emission signaling pattern of rhodamine coupled bis-(aminopropyl)-piperazine (1-3) and (aminoethyl)-piperazine (4) based probes evaluated in MeCN as well as in an MeCN-H2O binary mixture medium revealed that these probes exhibit optical signaling perturbations to a varying extent in MeCN, however, their complexation induced signaling could be tuned selectively towards Hg(II) in the presence of an aqueous component in the solvent medium where competitive interactions such as metal-probe interactions and hydration of metal ions play the determining factor to induce aqueous promoted Hg(II) selectivity. Attachment of another fluorophore (anthracene and nitrobenzofurazan moieties in 2 and 3 respectively) at the other end of the rhodamine coupled bis-(aminopropyl)-piperazine receptor enabled these probes to facilitate a complexation induced fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the excited fluorophore to the ring-opened rhodamine along with contributions through operative PET inhibition and rhodamine delactonization processes. The enhancement in absorption transition of these probes at ~557 nm upon selective Hg(II)-complexation and consequent colourless to pink colour change in the solution imply a chromogenic signaling pattern whereas simultaneous fluorescence amplification and/or FRET initiation lead to fluorogenic signaling to facilitate detection at lower concentration. The Hg(II)-selective photo-physical spectral modulation in the presence of other competitive metal ions, and their reversible dual channel signaling pattern under the action of counter anions or chelating agents such as EDTA or ethylenediamine establish the potential of these probes for highly selective, sensitive and reversible 'OFF-ON-OFF' detection of Hg(II). The complexation induced optical signaling pattern of probes with a propyl-linker in their receptor (1-3) in comparison with that of 4 consisting of an ethyl-spacer indicate that signaling probe design with a substituted 'aminoalkyl-lactonized-rhodamine' subunit preferentially exhibit Hg(II) selective and sensitive dual mode signaling in an organic-aqueous mixture medium irrespective of carbon-length of the flexible alkyl spacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswonath Biswal
- Colloids and Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, P.O.: R.R.L., Bhubaneswar-751 013, Odisha, India
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Zhang Y, Guo X, Zheng L, Jia L, Qian X. A new strategy for the ratiometric fluorescence detection of Zn(II) in the surfactant solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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8
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Chen G, Song F, Xiong X, Peng X. Fluorescent Nanosensors Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie303485n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gengwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech
Zone, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengling Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech
Zone, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech
Zone, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech
Zone, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Y, Hong CY, Pan CY. Spiropyran-based hyperbranched star copolymer: synthesis, phototropy, FRET, and bioapplication. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2585-93. [PMID: 22759087 DOI: 10.1021/bm3008346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photo- and pH-responsive amphiphilic hyperbranched star copolymers, poly(6-O-methacryloyl-1,2;3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-d-galactopyranose)[poly(2-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate)-co-poly(1'-(2-methacryloxyethyl)-3',3'-dimethyl-6-nitro-spiro(2H-1-benzo-pyran-2,2'-indoline))](n)s [HPMAlpGP(PDMAEMA-co-PSPMA)(n)], were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of the DMAEMA and the SPMA using hyperbranched PMAlpGP as a macro RAFT agent. In aqueous solution, the copolymers self-assembled to form core-shell micelles with HPMAlpGP core and PDMAEMA-co-PSPMA shell. The hydrophobic fluorescent dye nitrobenzoxadiazolyl derivative (NBD) was loaded into the spiropyran-containing micelles. The obtained micelles not only have the photochromic properties, but also modulate the fluorescence of NBD through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which was also observed in living cells. Slight fluorescence intensity decrease of the spiropyran in merocyanine (ME) form was observed after five UV-visible light irradiation cycles. The cytotoxicity of the HPMAlpGP(PDMAEMA-co-PSPMA)(n) micelles was lower than that of 25k PEI. All the results revealed that these photoresponsive nanoparticles are a good candidate for cell imaging and may find broad applications in biological areas such as biological diagnosis, imaging, and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P R China
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Wang Y, Wu H, Luo J, Liu X. Synthesis of an amphiphilic copolymer bearing rhodamine moieties and its self-assembly into micelles as chemosensors for Fe3+ in aqueous solution. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Ouadahi K, Sbargoud K, Allard E, Larpent C. FRET-mediated pH-responsive dual fluorescent nanoparticles prepared via click chemistry. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:727-732. [PMID: 22179667 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr11413e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report an easy preparation of azide-coated polystyrene-based nanoparticles (15 nm in diameter) and their surface functionalization via CuAAC with fluorophores in water. Resultant dual fluorescent nanoparticles coated with dansyl and pH-sensitive fluorescein moieties as the donor/acceptor FRET pair show a ratiometric response to pH upon excitation at a single wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Ouadahi
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles UMR-CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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12
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Childress ES, Roberts CA, Sherwood DY, LeGuyader CLM, Harbron EJ. Ratiometric fluorescence detection of mercury ions in water by conjugated polymer nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1235-9. [PMID: 22280026 DOI: 10.1021/ac300022y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present dye-doped polymer nanoparticles that are able to detect mercury in aqueous solution at parts per billion levels via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The nanoparticles are prepared by reprecipitation of highly fluorescent conjugated polymers in water and are stable in aqueous suspension. They are doped with rhodamine spirolactam dyes that are nonfluorescent until they encounter mercury ions, which promote an irreversible reaction that converts the dyes to fluorescent rhodamines. The rhodamine dyes act as FRET acceptors for the fluorescent nanoparticles, and the ratio of nanoparticle-to-rhodamine fluorescence intensities functions as a ratiometric fluorescence chemodosimeter for mercury. The light harvesting capability of the conjugated polymer nanoparticles enhances the fluorescence intensity of the rhodamine dyes by a factor of 10, enabling sensitive detection of mercury ions in water at levels as low as 0.7 parts per billion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Childress
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
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Ignatova T, Najafov H, Ryasnyanskiy A, Biaggio I, Zheng M, Rotkin SV. Significant FRET between SWNT/DNA and rare earth ions: a signature of their spatial correlations. ACS NANO 2011; 5:6052-6059. [PMID: 21702470 DOI: 10.1021/nn201911b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Significant acceleration of the photoluminescence (PL) decay rate was observed in water solutions of two rare earth ions (REIs), Tb and Eu. We propose that the time-resolved PL spectroscopy data are explained by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the REIs. FRET was directly confirmed by detecting the induced PL of the energy acceptor, Eu ion, under the PL excitation of the donor ion, Tb, with FRET efficiency reaching 7% in the most saturated solution, where the distance between the unlike REIs is the shortest. Using this as a calibration experiment, a comparable FRET was measured in the mixed solution of REIs with single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) wrapped with DNA. From the FRET efficiency of 10% and 7% for Tb and Eu, respectively, the characteristic distance between the REI and SWNT/DNA was obtained as 15.9 ± 1.3 Å, suggesting that the complexes are formed because of Coulomb attraction between the REI and the ionized phosphate groups of the DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Ignatova
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, 16 Memorial Drive East, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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Ma B, Zeng F, Zheng F, Wu S. Fluorescent detection of an anthrax biomarker based on PVA film. Analyst 2011; 136:3649-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15384f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hu J, Zhang X, Wang D, Hu X, Liu T, Zhang G, Liu S. Ultrasensitive ratiometric fluorescent pH and temperature probes constructed from dye-labeled thermoresponsive double hydrophilic block copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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