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Chong E, Kim S, Choi JH, Choi DG, Jung JY, Jeong JH, Lee ES, Lee J, Park I, Lee J. Interior-architectured ZnO nanostructure for enhanced electrical conductivity via stepwise fabrication process. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:428. [PMID: 25258595 PMCID: PMC4165434 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of ZnO nanostructure via direct patterning based on sol-gel process has advantages of low-cost, vacuum-free, and rapid process and producibility on flexible or non-uniform substrates. Recently, it has been applied in light-emitting devices and advanced nanopatterning. However, application as an electrically conducting layer processed at low temperature has been limited by its high resistivity due to interior structure. In this paper, we report interior-architecturing of sol-gel-based ZnO nanostructure for the enhanced electrical conductivity. Stepwise fabrication process combining the nanoimprint lithography (NIL) process with an additional growth process was newly applied. Changes in morphology, interior structure, and electrical characteristics of the fabricated ZnO nanolines were analyzed. It was shown that filling structural voids in ZnO nanolines with nanocrystalline ZnO contributed to reducing electrical resistivity. Both rigid and flexible substrates were adopted for the device implementation, and the robustness of ZnO nanostructure on flexible substrate was verified. Interior-architecturing of ZnO nanostructure lends itself well to the tunability of morphological, electrical, and optical characteristics of nanopatterned inorganic materials with the large-area, low-cost, and low-temperature producibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Chong
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 305-343, South Korea
- Current address: Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sarah Kim
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 305-343, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 305-343, South Korea
| | - Dae-Geun Choi
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 305-343, South Korea
- Nano-mechatronics Department, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-333, South Korea
| | - Joo-Yun Jung
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 305-343, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Jeong
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 305-343, South Korea
- Nano-mechatronics Department, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-333, South Korea
| | - Eung-sug Lee
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 305-343, South Korea
| | - Jaewhan Lee
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 305-343, South Korea
- Current address: Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 305-343, South Korea
- Nano-mechatronics Department, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-333, South Korea
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Dhanabalan SC, Garcia JP, Calestani D, Pattini F, Bissoli F, Villani M, Rampino S, Zappettini A. Controllable vapor phase growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods on TCO/Glass substrates. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201300422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fabbri F, Villani M, Catellani A, Calzolari A, Cicero G, Calestani D, Calestani G, Zappettini A, Dierre B, Sekiguchi T, Salviati G. Zn vacancy induced green luminescence on non-polar surfaces in ZnO nanostructures. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5158. [PMID: 24894901 PMCID: PMC5154428 DOI: 10.1038/srep05158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although generally ascribed to the presence of defects, an ultimate assignment of the different contributions to the emission spectrum in terms of surface states and deep levels in ZnO nanostructures is still lacking. In this work we unambiguously give first evidence that zinc vacancies at the (1010) nonpolar surfaces are responsible for the green luminescence of ZnO nanostructures. The result is obtained by performing an exhaustive comparison between spatially resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and imaging and ab initio simulations. Our findings are crucial to control undesired recombinations in nanostructured devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fabbri
- IMEM-CNR Institute, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma (Italy)
| | - M Villani
- IMEM-CNR Institute, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma (Italy)
| | - A Catellani
- 1] IMEM-CNR Institute, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma (Italy) [2] CNR-NANO, Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - A Calzolari
- CNR-NANO, Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - G Cicero
- 1] IMEM-CNR Institute, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma (Italy) [2] Dipartimento Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - D Calestani
- IMEM-CNR Institute, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma (Italy)
| | - G Calestani
- Dipartimento di Chimica GIAF, Universita' di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43100 Parma (Italy)
| | - A Zappettini
- IMEM-CNR Institute, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma (Italy)
| | - B Dierre
- Nano Device Characterization group, Advanced Electronic Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044 (Japan)
| | - T Sekiguchi
- Nano Device Characterization group, Advanced Electronic Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044 (Japan)
| | - G Salviati
- IMEM-CNR Institute, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma (Italy)
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Calestani D, Dhanabalan SC, Villani M, Lazzarini L, Zappettini A. InZnO nanorods obtained via zinc vapour phase deposition on liquid indium seeded substrates. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce42095g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lin S, Hu H, Zheng W, Qu Y, Lai F. Growth and optical properties of ZnO nanorod arrays on Al-doped ZnO transparent conductive film. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:158. [PMID: 23566567 PMCID: PMC3636057 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) on transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films have been grown by a solution-free, catalyst-free, vapor-phase synthesis method at 600°C. TCO films, Al-doped ZnO films, were deposited on quartz substrates by magnetron sputtering. In order to study the effect of the growth duration on the morphological and optical properties of NRAs, the growth duration was changed from 3 to 12 min. The results show that the electrical performance of the TCO films does not degrade after the growth of NRAs and the nanorods are highly crystalline. As the growth duration increases from 3 to 8 min, the diffuse transmittance of the samples decreases, while the total transmittance and UV emission enhance. Two possible nanorod self-attraction models were proposed to interpret the phenomena in the sample with 9-min growth duration. The sample with 8-min growth duration has the highest total transmittance of 87.0%, proper density about 75 μm-2, diameter about 26 nm, and length about 500 nm, indicating that it can be used in hybrid solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suanzhi Lin
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Analytical and Testing Center, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Zheng
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Qu
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fachun Lai
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
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Villani M, Rimoldi T, Calestani D, Lazzarini L, Chiesi V, Casoli F, Albertini F, Zappettini A. Composite multifunctional nanostructures based on ZnO tetrapods and superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:135601. [PMID: 23478269 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/13/135601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A nanocomposite material is obtained by coupling superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NP) and vapor phase grown zinc oxide nanostructures with 'tetrapod' morphology (ZnO TP). The aim is the creation of a multifunctional material which retains the attractive features of ZnO (e.g. surface reactivity, strong UV emission, piezoelectricity) together with added magnetism. Structural, morphological, optical, magnetic and functional characterization are performed. In particular, the high saturation magnetization of Fe3O4 NP (above 50 A m(2) kg(-1)), the strong UV luminescence and the enhanced photocatalytic activity of coupled nanostructures are discussed. Thus the nanocomposite turns out to be suitable for applications in energy harvesting and conversion, gas- and bio-sensing, bio-medicine and filter-free photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Villani
- IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, Parma I-43124, Italy
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