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Bronte Ciriza D, Magazzù A, Callegari A, Barbosa G, Neves AAR, Iatì MA, Volpe G, Maragò OM. Faster and More Accurate Geometrical-Optics Optical Force Calculation Using Neural Networks. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:234-241. [PMID: 36691426 PMCID: PMC9853855 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical forces are often calculated by discretizing the trapping light beam into a set of rays and using geometrical optics to compute the exchange of momentum. However, the number of rays sets a trade-off between calculation speed and accuracy. Here, we show that using neural networks permits overcoming this limitation, obtaining not only faster but also more accurate simulations. We demonstrate this using an optically trapped spherical particle for which we obtain an analytical solution to use as ground truth. Then, we take advantage of the acceleration provided by neural networks to study the dynamics of ellipsoidal particles in a double trap, which would be computationally impossible otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnese Callegari
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunther Barbosa
- Universidade
Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio A. R. Neves
- Universidade
Federal do ABC, Av. dos Estados 5001, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Giovanni Volpe
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Onofrio M. Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, I-98158Messina, Italy
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2
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Arita Y, Simpson SH, Zemánek P, Dholakia K. Coherent oscillations of a levitated birefringent microsphere in vacuum driven by nonconservative rotation-translation coupling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz9858. [PMID: 32537499 PMCID: PMC7269642 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz9858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an effect whereby stochastic, thermal fluctuations combine with nonconservative optical forces to break detailed balance and produce increasingly coherent, apparently deterministic motion for a vacuum-trapped particle. The particle is birefringent and held in a linearly polarized Gaussian optical trap. It undergoes oscillations that grow rapidly in amplitude as the air pressure is reduced, seemingly in contradiction to the equipartition of energy. This behavior is reproduced in direct simulations and captured in a simplified analytical model, showing that the underlying mechanism involves nonsymmetric coupling between rotational and translational degrees of freedom. When parametrically driven, these self-sustained oscillators exhibit an ultranarrow linewidth of 2.2 μHz and an ultrahigh mechanical quality factor in excess of 2 × 108 at room temperature. Last, nonequilibrium motion is seen to be a generic feature of optical vacuum traps, arising for any system with symmetry lower than that of a perfect isotropic microsphere in a Gaussian trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Arita
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
- Molecular Chirality Research Centre, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-0022, Japan
- Corresponding author. (Y.A.); (S.H.S.); (K.D.)
| | - Stephen H. Simpson
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Science, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author. (Y.A.); (S.H.S.); (K.D.)
| | - Pavel Zemánek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Science, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi 263-0022, Japan
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0094, USA
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Corresponding author. (Y.A.); (S.H.S.); (K.D.)
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Optically oriented attachment of nanoscale metal-semiconductor heterostructures in organic solvents via photonic nanosoldering. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4942. [PMID: 31666504 PMCID: PMC6821866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As devices approach the single-nanoparticle scale, the rational assembly of nanomaterial heterojunctions remains a persistent challenge. While optical traps can manipulate objects in three dimensions, to date, nanoscale materials have been trapped primarily in aqueous solvents or vacuum. Here, we demonstrate the use of optical traps to manipulate, align, and assemble metal-seeded nanowire building blocks in a range of organic solvents. Anisotropic radiation pressure generates an optical torque that orients each nanowire, and subsequent trapping of aligned nanowires enables deterministic fabrication of arbitrarily long heterostructures of periodically repeating bismuth-nanocrystal/germanium-nanowire junctions. Heat transport calculations, back-focal-plane interferometry, and optical images reveal that the bismuth nanocrystal melts during trapping, facilitating tip-to-tail “nanosoldering” of the germanium nanowires. These bismuth-semiconductor interfaces may be useful for quantum computing or thermoelectric applications. In addition, the ability to trap nanostructures in oxygen- and water-free organic media broadly expands the library of materials available for optical manipulation and single-particle spectroscopy. The use of optical traps has been limited to materials dispersed in aqueous media, which restricts the materials and range of experiments. Here, the authors demonstrate the alignment and assembly of composite structures made of a bismuth nanocrystal and a germanium nanowire in organic solvents.
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Donato MG, Brzobohatý O, Simpson SH, Irrera A, Leonardi AA, Lo Faro MJ, Svak V, Maragò OM, Zemánek P. Optical Trapping, Optical Binding, and Rotational Dynamics of Silicon Nanowires in Counter-Propagating Beams. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:342-352. [PMID: 30525673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanowires are held and manipulated in controlled optical traps based on counter-propagating beams focused by low numerical aperture lenses. The double-beam configuration compensates light scattering forces enabling an in-depth investigation of the rich dynamics of trapped nanowires that are prone to both optical and hydrodynamic interactions. Several polarization configurations are used, allowing the observation of optical binding with different stable structure as well as the transfer of spin and orbital momentum of light to the trapped silicon nanowires. Accurate modeling based on Brownian dynamics simulations with appropriate optical and hydrodynamic coupling confirms that this rich scenario is crucially dependent on the non-spherical shape of the nanowires. Such an increased level of optical control of multiparticle structure and dynamics open perspectives for nanofluidics and multi-component light-driven nanomachines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Donato
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
| | - Oto Brzobohatý
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
| | - Stephen H Simpson
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS , Kralovopolska 147 , 61264 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Alessia Irrera
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
| | - Antonio A Leonardi
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia , Università di Catania , I-95123 Catania , Italy
| | - Maria J Lo Faro
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia , Università di Catania , I-95123 Catania , Italy
| | - Vojtěch Svak
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS , Kralovopolska 147 , 61264 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Onofrio M Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
| | - Pavel Zemánek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS , Kralovopolska 147 , 61264 Brno , Czech Republic
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Liu J, Li Z. Controlled Mechanical Motions of Microparticles in Optical Tweezers. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E232. [PMID: 30424165 PMCID: PMC6187602 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Optical tweezers, formed by a highly focused laser beam, have intriguing applications in biology and physics. Inspired by molecular rotors, numerous optical beams and artificial particles have been proposed to build optical tweezers trapping microparticles, and extensive experiences have been learned towards constructing precise, stable, flexible and controllable micromachines. The mechanism of interaction between particles and localized light fields is quite different for different types of particles, such as metal particles, dielectric particles and Janus particles. In this article, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest development on the fundamental and application of optical trapping. The emphasis is placed on controllable mechanical motions of particles, including rotation, translation and their mutual coupling under the optical forces and torques created by a wide variety of optical tweezers operating on different particles. Finally, we conclude by proposing promising directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Laser and Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Irrera A, Magazzù A, Artoni P, Simpson SH, Hanna S, Jones PH, Priolo F, Gucciardi PG, Maragò OM. Photonic Torque Microscopy of the Nonconservative Force Field for Optically Trapped Silicon Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4181-8. [PMID: 27280642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We measure, by photonic torque microscopy, the nonconservative rotational motion arising from the transverse components of the radiation pressure on optically trapped, ultrathin silicon nanowires. Unlike spherical particles, we find that nonconservative effects have a significant influence on the nanowire dynamics in the trap. We show that the extreme shape of the trapped nanowires yields a transverse component of the radiation pressure that results in an orbital rotation of the nanowire about the trap axis. We study the resulting motion as a function of optical power and nanowire length, discussing its size-scaling behavior. These shape-dependent nonconservative effects have implications for optical force calibration and optomechanics with levitated nonspherical particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Irrera
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Magazzù
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Artoni
- MATIS CNR-IMM and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania , I-95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Stephen H Simpson
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS, v.v.i. Czech Academy of Sciences , 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simon Hanna
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol , BS8 1TL Bristol, U.K
| | - Philip H Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , WC1E 6BT London, U.K
| | - Francesco Priolo
- MATIS CNR-IMM and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania , I-95123, Catania, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, Università di Catania , I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Onofrio M Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina, Italy
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Zhang L, Dou X, Min C, Zhang Y, Du L, Xie Z, Shen J, Zeng Y, Yuan X. In-plane trapping and manipulation of ZnO nanowires by a hybrid plasmonic field. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:9756-63. [PMID: 27117313 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08940a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In general, when a semiconductor nanowire is trapped by conventional laser beam tweezers, it tends to be aligned with the trapping beam axis rather than confined in the horizontal plane, and this limits the application of these nanowires in many in-plane nanoscale optoelectronic devices. In this work, we achieve the in-plane trapping and manipulation of a single ZnO nanowire by a hybrid plasmonic tweezer system on a flat metal surface. The gap between the nanowire and the metallic substrate leads to an enhanced gradient force caused by deep subwavelength optical energy confinement. As a result, the nanowire can be securely trapped in-plane at the center of the excited surface plasmon polariton field, and can also be dynamically moved and rotated by varying the position and polarization direction of the incident laser beam, which cannot be performed using conventional optical tweezers. The theoretical results show that the focused plasmonic field induces a strong in-plane trapping force and a high rotational torque on the nanowire, while the focused optical field produces a vertical trapping force to produce the upright alignment of the nanowire; this is in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, some typical ZnO nanowire structures are built based on this technique, which thus further confirms the potential of this method for precise manipulation of components during the production of nanoelectronic and nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Zhang
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen University & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
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Bareil PB, Sheng Y. Optical trapping of the anisotropic crystal nanorod. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:13130-13140. [PMID: 26074566 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.013130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We observed in the optical tweezers experiment that some anisotropic nanorod was stably trapped in an orientation tiled to the beam axis. We explain this trapping with the T-matrix calculation. As the vector spherical wave functions do not individually satisfy the anisotropic vector wave equation, we expand the incident and scattered fields in the isotropic buffer in terms of E→, and the internal field in the anisotropic nanoparticle in terms of D→, and use the boundary condition for the normal components of D→ to compute the T-matrix. We found that when the optical axes of an anisotropic nanorod are not aligned to the nanorod axis, the nanorod may be trapped stably at a tilted angle, under which the lateral torque equals to zero and the derivative of the torque is negative.
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Smith D, Woods C, Seddon A, Hoerber H. Photophoretic separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes: a novel approach to selective chiral sorting. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:5221-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54812k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang F, Toe WJ, Lee WM, McGloin D, Gao Q, Tan HH, Jagadish C, Reece PJ. Resolving stable axial trapping points of nanowires in an optical tweezers using photoluminescence mapping. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:1185-1191. [PMID: 23394286 DOI: 10.1021/nl304607v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Axially resolved microphotoluminescence mapping of semiconductor nanowires held in an optical tweezers reveals important new experimental information regarding equilibrium trapping points and trapping stability of high aspect ratio nanostructures. In this study, holographic optical tweezers are used to scan trapped InP nanowires along the beam direction with respect to a fixed excitation source and the luminescent properties are recorded. It is observed that nanowires with lengths on the range of 3-15 μm are stably trapped near the tip of the wire with the long segment positioned below the focus in an inverted trapping configuration. Through the use of trap multiplexing we investigate the possibility of improving the axial stability of the trapped nanowires. Our results have important implication for applications of optically assisted nanowire assembly and optical tweezers based scanning probes microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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Roder PB, Pauzauskie PJ, Davis EJ. Nanowire heating by optical electromagnetic irradiation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:16177-16185. [PMID: 23061375 DOI: 10.1021/la303250e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The dissipative absorption of electromagnetic energy by 1D nanoscale structures at optical frequencies is applicable to several important phenomena, including biomedical photothermal theranostics, nanoscale photovoltaic materials, atmospheric aerosols, and integrated photonic devices. Closed-form analytical calculations are presented for the temperature rise within infinite circular cylinders with nanometer-scale diameters (nanowires) that are irradiated at right angles by a continuous-wave laser source polarized along the nanowire's axis. Solutions for the heat source are compared to both numerical finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulations and well-known Mie scattering cross sections for infinite cylinders. The analysis predicts that the maximum temperature increase is affected not only by the cylinder's composition and porosity but also by morphology-dependent resonances (MDRs) that lead to significant spikes in the local temperature at particular diameters. Furthermore, silicon nanowires with high thermal conductivities are observed to exhibit extremely uniform internal temperatures during electromagnetic heating to 1 part in 10(6), including cases where there are substantial fluctuations of the internal electric-field source term that generates the Joule heating. For a highly absorbing material such as carbon, much higher temperatures are predicted, the internal temperature distribution is nonuniform, and MDRs are not encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paden B Roder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
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