1
|
Nagpal A, Zhou M, Ilic O, Yu Z, Atwater HA. Thermal metasurface with tunable narrowband absorption from a hybrid graphene/silicon photonic crystal resonance. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:11227-11238. [PMID: 37155763 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the design of a tunable, narrowband, thermal metasurface that employs a hybrid resonance generated by coupling a tunable permittivity graphene ribbon to a silicon photonic crystal. The gated graphene ribbon array, proximitized to a high quality factor Si photonic crystal supporting a guided mode resonance, exhibits tunable narrowband absorbance lineshapes (Q > 10,000). Actively tuned Fermi level modulation in graphene with applied gate voltage between high absorptivity and low absorptivity states gives rise to absorbance on/off ratios exceeding 60. We employ coupled-mode theory as a computationally efficient approach to elements of the metasurface design, demonstrating an orders of magnitude speedup over typical finite element computational methods.
Collapse
|
2
|
Nematpour A, Grilli ML, Lancellotti L, Lisi N. Towards Perfect Absorption of Single Layer CVD Graphene in an Optical Resonant Cavity: Challenges and Experimental Achievements. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:352. [PMID: 35009498 PMCID: PMC8745855 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Graphene is emerging as a promising material for the integration in the most common Si platform, capable to convey some of its unique properties to fabricate novel photonic and optoelectronic devices. For many real functions and devices however, graphene absorption is too low and must be enhanced. Among strategies, the use of an optical resonant cavity was recently proposed, and graphene absorption enhancement was demonstrated, both, by theoretical and experimental studies. This paper summarizes our recent progress in graphene absorption enhancement by means of Si/SiO2-based Fabry-Perot filters fabricated by radiofrequency sputtering. Simulations and experimental achievements carried out during more than two years of investigations are reported here, detailing the technical expedients that were necessary to increase the single layer CVD graphene absorption first to 39% and then up to 84%. Graphene absorption increased when an asymmetric Fabry-Perot filter was applied rather than a symmetric one, and a further absorption increase was obtained when graphene was embedded in a reflective rather than a transmissive Fabry-Perot filter. Moreover, the effect of the incident angle of the electromagnetic radiation and of the polarization of the light was investigated in the case of the optimized reflective Fabry-Perot filter. Experimental challenges and precautions to avoid evaporation or sputtering induced damage on the graphene layers are described as well, disclosing some experimental procedures that may help other researchers to embed graphene inside PVD grown materials with minimal alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abedin Nematpour
- Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy; (A.N.); (N.L.)
| | - Maria Luisa Grilli
- Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy; (A.N.); (N.L.)
| | - Laura Lancellotti
- Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici Research Centre, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Nicola Lisi
- Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy; (A.N.); (N.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan Z, Lu X, Du W, Lv Z, Tang C, Cai P, Gu P, Chen J, Yu Z. Ultraviolet graphene ultranarrow absorption engineered by lattice plasmon resonance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:465202. [PMID: 34352738 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1af9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We numerically demonstrate an ultraviolet graphene ultranarrow absorption in a hybrid graphene-metal structure. The full-width at half maximum of the absorption band being 9 nm in ultraviolet range is achieved based on the coupling of lattice plasmon resonances of the metallic nanostructure to the optical dissipation of graphene. The position, absorbance and linewidth of the hybridized narrow resonant mode tuned by controlling geometrical parameters and materials are systematically investigated. The proposed structure possesses high refractive index sensitivity of 288 nm/RIU and figure of merit of 72, and can also be used to detect small molecules layer of sub-nanometer thickness and refractive index with small changes, providing promising applications in ultra-compact efficient biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Yan
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Lu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongquan Lv
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojun Tang
- Center for Optics and Optoelectronics Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Information Technology in Biological and Medical Physics, College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinggen Cai
- Center for Optics and Optoelectronics Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Information Technology in Biological and Medical Physics, College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Yu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nematpour A, Lisi N, Chierchia R, Grilli ML. Experimental demonstration of mid-IR absorption enhancement in single layer CVD graphene. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:3861-3864. [PMID: 32667304 DOI: 10.1364/ol.397286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mid-IR absorption of single layer graphene (SLG) was simulated and experimentally demonstrated by embedding a SLG grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) inside a Fabry-Perot (FP) filter made by alternating quarter wave Si and SiO2 layers fabricated by radiofrequency sputtering. The absorption from the graphene layer was modeled by using COMSOL Multiphysics in four different configurations, depending on its position inside the filter, an asymmetric FP made of two different dielectric mirrors separated by a cavity. In the first three configurations, graphene was inserted at the center of the optical cavity and inside the top or bottom dielectric mirror forming the FP. The fourth configuration involves two layers of graphene, each positioned inside one of the dielectric mirrors. The calculated electric field distribution inside the FP shows two symmetric maxima just above and below the cavity, i.e., inside the mirrors, while the electric field at the center of the cavity is negligible. For the experimental demonstration, the graphene geometry corresponding to the maximum electric field intensity was chosen, and, between two equivalent alternatives, the one with the easiest fabrication procedure was selected. Results demonstrate a maximum experimental absorption of 50% at 4342 nm for SLG when inserted in the top mirror of the FP, in excellent agreement with the simulated value of 53%.
Collapse
|
5
|
Latini A, Quaranta S, Menchini F, Lisi N, Di Girolamo D, Tarquini O, Colapietro M, Barba L, Demitri N, Cassetta A. A novel water-resistant and thermally stable black lead halide perovskite, phenyl viologen lead iodide C 22H 18N 2(PbI 3) 2. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2616-2627. [PMID: 32039432 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04148f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel black organoammonium iodoplumbate semiconductor, namely phenyl viologen lead iodide C22H18N2(PbI3)2 (PhVPI), was successfully synthesized and characterized. This material showed physical and chemical properties suitable for photovoltaic applications. Indeed, low direct allowed band gap energy (Eg = 1.32 eV) and high thermal stability (up to at least 300 °C) compared to methylammonium lead iodide CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI, Eg = 1.5 eV) render PhVPI potentially attractive for solar cell fabrication. The compound was extensively characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (performed on both powder and single crystals), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), UV-photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), FT-IR spectroscopy, TG-DTA, and CHNS analysis. Reactivity towards water was monitored through X-ray powder diffraction carried out after prolonged immersion of the material in water at room temperature. Unlike its methyl ammonium counterpart, PhVPI proved to be unaffected by water exposure. The lack of reactivity towards water is to be attributed to the quaternary nature of the nitrogen atoms of the phenyl viologen units that prevents the formation of acid-base equilibria when in contact with water. On the other hand, PhVPI's thermal stability was evaluated by temperature-controlled powder XRD measurements following an hour-long isothermal treatment at 250 and 300 °C. In both cases no signs of decomposition could be detected. However, the compound melted incongruently at 332 °C producing, upon cooling, a mostly amorphous material. PhVPI was found to be slightly soluble in DMF (∼5 mM) and highly soluble in DMSO. Nevertheless, its solubility in DMF can be dramatically increased by adding an equimolar amount of DMSO. Therefore, phenyl viologen lead iodide can be amenable for the fabrication of solar devices by spin coating as actually done for MAPI-based cells. The crystal structure, determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation, turned out to be triclinic and consequently differs from the prototypal perovskite structure. In fact, it comprises infinite double chains of corner-sharing PbI6 octahedra along the a-axis direction with phenyl viologen cations positioned between the columns. Finally, the present determination of PhVPI's electronic band structure achieved through UPS and UV-Vis DRS is instrumental in using the material for solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Latini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Simone Quaranta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Menchini
- ENEA - Energy Technologies Department, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Roma, Italy
| | - Nicola Lisi
- ENEA - Energy Technologies Department, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Roma, Italy
| | - Diego Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Ombretta Tarquini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Salaria km 29, 300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - Marcello Colapietro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Salaria km 29, 300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - Luisa Barba
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Cristallografia, Sede Secondaria di Trieste, Area Science Park - Basovizza, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park - Basovizza, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Cassetta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Cristallografia, Sede Secondaria di Trieste, Area Science Park - Basovizza, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|