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McKibben N, Curtis M, Maryon O, Sawyer M, Lazouskaya M, Eixenberger J, Deng Z, Estrada D. Formulation and Aerosol Jet Printing of Nickel Nanoparticle Ink for High-Temperature Microelectronic Applications and Patterned Graphene Growth. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2024; 6:748-760. [PMID: 38435803 PMCID: PMC10902849 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.3c01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is an advanced manufacturing technique for directly writing nanoparticle inks onto target substrates. It is an emerging reliable, efficient, and environmentally friendly fabrication route for thin film electronics and advanced semiconductor packaging. This fabrication technique is highly regarded for its rapid prototyping, the flexibility of design, and fine feature resolution. Nickel is an attractive high-temperature packaging material due to its electrical conductivity, magnetism, and corrosion resistance. In this work, we synthesized nickel nanoparticles and formulated an AJP ink, which was printed on various material surfaces. Thermal sintering experiments were performed on the samples to explore the redox behavior and to optimize the electrical performance of the devices. The nickel devices were heated to failure under an argon atmosphere, which was marked by a loss of reflectance and electrical properties due to the dewetting of the films. Additionally, a reduction mechanism was observed from these studies, which resembled that of nucleation and coalescence. Finally, multilayer graphene was grown on a custom-printed nickel thin film using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), establishing a fully additive manufacturing route to patterned graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas McKibben
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Michael Curtis
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Olivia Maryon
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Mone’t Sawyer
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Maryna Lazouskaya
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Tallinn
University of Technology. Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn 19086, Estonia
| | - Josh Eixenberger
- Department
of Physics, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Center
for Advanced Energy Studies, Boise State
University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Zhangxian Deng
- Department
of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - David Estrada
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Center
for Advanced Energy Studies, Boise State
University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Idaho National
Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
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Scott JI, Adams RL, Martinez-Gazoni RF, Carroll LR, Downard AJ, Veal TD, Reeves RJ, Allen MW. Looking Outside the Square: The Growth, Structure, and Resilient Two-Dimensional Surface Electron Gas of Square SnO 2 Nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300520. [PMID: 37191281 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has delivered an amazing range of new materials such as nanowires, tubes, ribbons, belts, cages, flowers, and sheets. However, these are usually circular, cylindrical, or hexagonal in nature, while nanostructures with square geometries are comparatively rare. Here, a highly scalable method is reported for producing vertically aligned Sb-doped SnO2 nanotubes with perfectly-square geometries on Au nanoparticle covered m-plane sapphire using mist chemical vapor deposition. Their inclination can be varied using r- and a-plane sapphire, while unaligned square nanotubes of the same high structural quality can be grown on silicon and quartz. X-ray diffraction measurements and transmission electron microscopy show that they adopt the rutile structure growing in the [001] direction with (110) sidewalls, while synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the presence of an unusually strong and thermally resilient 2D surface electron gas. This is created by donor-like states produced by the hydroxylation of the surface and is sustained at temperatures above 400 °C by the formation of in-plane oxygen vacancies. This persistent high surface electron density is expected to prove useful in gas sensing and catalytic applications of these remarkable structures. To illustrate their device potential, square SnO2 nanotube Schottky diodes and field effect transistors with excellent performance characteristics are fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonty I Scott
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Ryan L Adams
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Rodrigo F Martinez-Gazoni
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Liam R Carroll
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Alison J Downard
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Tim D Veal
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK
| | - Roger J Reeves
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Martin W Allen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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Farmer G, Abraham J, Littler C, Syllaios AJ, Philipose U. Growth of Highly-Ordered Metal Nanoparticle Arrays in the Dimpled Pores of an Anodic Aluminum Oxide Template. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3929. [PMID: 36432214 PMCID: PMC9695744 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A reliable, scalable, and inexpensive technology for the fabrication of ordered arrays of metal nanoparticles with large areal coverage on various substrates is presented. The nanoparticle arrays were formed on aluminum substrates using a two-step anodization process. By varying the anodization potential, the pore diameter, inter-pore spacing, and pore ordering in the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template were tuned. Following a chemical etch, the height of the pores in the AAO membrane were reduced to create a dimpled membrane surface. Periodic arrays of metal nanoparticles were subsequently created by evaporating metal on to the dimpled surface, allowing for individual nanoparticles to form within the dimples by a solid state de-wetting process induced by annealing. The ordered nanoparticle array could then be transferred to a substrate of choice using a polymer lift-off method. Following optimization of the experimental parameters, it was possible to obtain cm2 coverage of metal nanoparticles, like gold and indium, on silicon, quartz and sapphire substrates, with average sizes in the range of 50-90 nm. The de-wetting process was investigated for a specific geometry of the dimpled surface and the results explained for two different film thicknesses. Using a simple model, the experimental results were interpreted and supported by numerical estimations.
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Strain-Induced Self-Rolling of Electrochemically Deposited Co(OH)2 Films into Organic–Inorganic Microscrolls. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12081072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Strain-induced self-folding is a ubiquitous phenomenon in biology, but is rarely seen in brittle geological or synthetic inorganic materials. We here apply this concept for the preparation of three-dimensional free-standing microscrolls of cobalt hydroxide. Electrodeposition in the presence of structure-directing water-soluble polyelectrolytes interfering with solid precipitation is used to generate thin polymer/inorganic hybrid films, which undergo self-rolling upon drying. Mechanistically, we propose that heterogeneities with respect to the nanostructural motifs along the surface normal direction lead to substantial internal strain. A non-uniform response to the release of water then results in a bending motion of the two-dimensional Co(OH)2 layer accompanied by dewetting from the substrate. Pseudomorphic conversion into Co3O4 affords the possibility to generate hierarchically structured solids with inherent catalytic activity. Hence, we present an electrochemically controllable precipitation system, in which the biological concepts of organic matrix-directed mineralization and strain-induced self-rolling are combined and translated into a functional material.
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Yadav A, Fu B, Bonvicini SN, Ly LQ, Jia Z, Shi Y. β-Ga2O3 Nanostructures: Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth Using Thermally Dewetted Au Nanoparticles as Catalyst and Characterization. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152589. [PMID: 35957023 PMCID: PMC9370184 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
β-Ga2O3 nanostructures, including nanowires (NWs), nanosheets (NSHs), and nanorods (NRs), were synthesized using thermally dewetted Au nanoparticles as catalyst in a chemical vapor deposition process. The morphology of the as-grown β-Ga2O3 nanostructures depends strongly on the growth temperature and time. Successful growth of β-Ga2O3 NWs with lengths of 7–25 μm, NSHs, and NRs was achieved. It has been demonstrated that the vapor–liquid–solid mechanism governs the NW growth, and the vapor–solid mechanism occurs in the growth of NSHs and NRs. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the as-grown nanostructures were highly pure single-phase β-Ga2O3. The bandgap of the β-Ga2O3 nanostructures was determined to lie in the range of 4.68–4.74 eV. Characteristic Raman peaks were observed with a small blue and red shift, both of 1–3 cm−1, as compared with those from the bulk, indicating the presence of internal strain and defects in the as-grown β-Ga2O3 nanostructures. Strong photoluminescence emission in the UV-blue spectral region was obtained in the β-Ga2O3 nanostructures, regardless of their morphology. The UV (374–377 nm) emission is due to the intrinsic radiative recombination of self-trapped excitons present at the band edge. The strong blue (404–490 nm) emissions, consisting of five bands, are attributed to the presence of the complex defect states in the donor (VO) and acceptor (VGa or VGa–O). These β-Ga2O3 nanostructures are expected to have potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as tunable UV–Vis photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.Y.); (S.N.B.); (L.Q.L.)
| | - Bo Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (B.F.); (Z.J.)
| | | | - Linh Quy Ly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.Y.); (S.N.B.); (L.Q.L.)
| | - Zhitai Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (B.F.); (Z.J.)
| | - Yujun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.Y.); (S.N.B.); (L.Q.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-2108674
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