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Tan HQ, Koh CWY, Lew KS, Yeap PL, Chua CGA, Lee JKH, Wong YM, Wibawa A, Master Z, Lee JCL, Park SY. Repurposing DailyQA3 for an efficient and spot position sensitive daily quality assurance tool for proton therapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2024; 25:e14348. [PMID: 38561975 PMCID: PMC11244688 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Daily quality assurance is an integral part of a radiotherapy workflow to ensure the dose is delivered safely and accurately to the patient. It is performed before the first treatment of the day and needs to be time and cost efficient for a multiple gantries proton center. In this study, we introduced an efficient method to perform QA for output constancy, range verification, spot positioning accuracy and imaging and proton beam isocenter coincidence with DailyQA3. METHODS A stepped acrylic block of specific dimensions is fabricated and placed on top of the DailyQA3 device. Treatment plans comprising of two different spread-out Bragg peaks and five individual spots of 1.0 MU each are designed to be delivered to the device. A mathematical framework to measure the 2D distance between the detectors and individual spot is introduced and play an important role in realizing the spot positioning and centering QA. Lastly, a 5 months trends of the QA for two gantries are presented. RESULTS The outputs are monitored by two ion chambers in the DailyQA3 and a tolerance of± 3 % $ \pm 3\% $ are used. The range of the SOBPs are monitored by the ratio of ion chamber signals and a tolerance of± 1 mm $ \pm 1\ {\mathrm{mm}}$ is used. Four diodes at± 10 cm $ \pm 10\ {\mathrm{cm}}$ from the central ion chambers are used for spot positioning QA, while the central ion chamber is used for imaging and proton beam isocenter coincidence QA. Using the framework, we determined the absolute signal threshold corresponding to the offset tolerance between the individual proton spot and the detector. A1.5 mm $1.5\ {\mathrm{mm}}$ tolerances are used for both the positioning and centering QA. No violation of the tolerances is observed in the 5 months trends for both gantries. CONCLUSION With the proposed approach, we can perform four QA items in the TG224 within 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qi Tan
- Division of Radiation OncologyNational Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Oncology Academic Clinical ProgrammeDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Calvin Wei Yang Koh
- Division of Radiation OncologyNational Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kah Seng Lew
- Division of Radiation OncologyNational Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Division of Physics and Applied PhysicsNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Ping Lin Yeap
- Division of Radiation OncologyNational Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | | | | | - Yun Ming Wong
- Division of Physics and Applied PhysicsNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Andrew Wibawa
- Division of Radiation OncologyNational Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Zubin Master
- Division of Radiation OncologyNational Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - James Cheow Lei Lee
- Division of Radiation OncologyNational Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Division of Physics and Applied PhysicsNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Sung Yong Park
- Division of Radiation OncologyNational Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Oncology Academic Clinical ProgrammeDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
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Ranjith CP, Krishnan M, Raveendran V, Chaudhari L, Laskar S. An artificial neural network based approach for predicting the proton beam spot dosimetric characteristics of a pencil beam scanning technique. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:035033. [PMID: 38652667 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad3ce0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Utilising Machine Learning (ML) models to predict dosimetric parameters in pencil beam scanning proton therapy presents a promising and practical approach. The study developed Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models to predict proton beam spot size and relative positional errors using 9000 proton spot data. The irradiation log files as input variables and corresponding scintillation detector measurements as the label values. The ANN models were developed to predict six variables: spot size in thex-axis,y-axis, major axis, minor axis, and relative positional errors in thex-axis andy-axis. All ANN models used a Multi-layer perception (MLP) network using one input layer, three hidden layers, and one output layer. Model performance was validated using various statistical tools. The log file recorded spot size and relative positional errors, which were compared with scintillator-measured data. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values for the x-spot and y-spot sizes were 0.356 mm and 0.362 mm, respectively. Additionally, the maximum variation for the x-spot relative positional error was 0.910 mm, while for the y-spot, it was 1.610 mm. The ANN models exhibit lower prediction errors. Specifically, the RMSE values for spot size prediction in the x, y, major, and minor axes are 0.053 mm, 0.049 mm, 0.053 mm, and 0.052 mm, respectively. Additionally, the relative spot positional error prediction model for the x and y axes yielded maximum errors of 0.160 mm and 0.170 mm, respectively. The normality of models was validated using the residual histogram and Q-Q plot. The data over fit, and bias were tested using K (k = 5) fold cross-validation, and the maximum RMSE value of the K fold cross-validation among all the six ML models was less than 0.150 mm (R-Square 0.960). All the models showed excellent prediction accuracy. Accurately predicting beam spot size and positional errors enhances efficiency in routine dosimetric checks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Ranjith
- Department of Medical Physics, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayakannan Krishnan
- Department of Medical Physics, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vysakh Raveendran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lalit Chaudhari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhartha Laskar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Rana S, Eckert C, Tesfamicael B. Feasibility study of utilizing Sphinx Compact for quality assurance in uniform scanning proton therapy. Phys Med 2023; 113:102468. [PMID: 36336530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of utilizing the Sphinx Compact detector for quality assurance in a uniform scanning proton therapy system. METHOD The Sphinx Compact detector was used to measure various dosimetric parameters of uniform scanning proton beam at the Oklahoma Proton Center: distal range, distal-fall-off, collinearity, field symmetry, flatness, and field size for four different beams. A specially designed brass aperture was used to perform the required measurements. The Sphinx Compact measurement results were validated against the measurement results from the well-established detectors in proton therapy: IBA Zebra, IBA MatriXX-PT, EBT3 films, and Logos XRV-124. The data collected using the Sphinx Compact was analyzed in myQA software. RESULTS Based on the data analysis performed, the Sphinx Compact measurements were within acceptable accuracy to the results from the detectors mentioned in the Method section. Specifically, the lateral penumbra was within ±0.4 mm, collinearity was within ± 0.5 mm, flatness was within ±0.6 %, symmetry within ±1.6 %, distal range was within ±0.5 mm, distal-fall-off was <0.9 mm, and field size was within ±1 mm. The reproducibility of the Sphinx Compact was tested for range and collinearity, and the results were within ±0.1 mm. CONCLUSION The sphinx Compact detector could potentially replace multiple detectors utilized for monthly QA in uniform scanning proton therapy. In a multi-room center, performing the QA with one detector compared to using multiple detectors dramatically reduces total QA time and the complexity of the QA process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Rana
- Department of Medical Physics, The Oklahoma Proton Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Lynn Cancer Institute, Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Baptist Health South Florida, Boca Raton, FL, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Colton Eckert
- Department of Medical Physics, The Oklahoma Proton Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Biniam Tesfamicael
- Department of Medical Physics, The Oklahoma Proton Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Actis O, Mayor A, Meer D, Rechsteiner U, Bolsi A, Lomax AJ, Weber DC. A bi-directional beam-line energy ramping for efficient patient treatment with scanned proton therapy. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:175001. [PMID: 37506707 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acebb2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective.The treatment of mobile tumours using Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS) has become more prevalent in the last decade. However, to achieve the same beam delivery quality as for static tumours, treatments have to be combined with motion mitigation techniques, not limited but including, breath hold, gating and re-scanning, which typically prolong treatment time. In this article we present a novel method of bi-directional energy modulation and demonstrate our initial experience in improvement of treatment efficiency. Approach.At Paul Scherrer Institute Gantry 2 mobile tumours are treated by combining PBS with gating and volumetric re-scanning (VR), where the target volume is irradiated multiple times. Initial implementation of VR used only descending beam energies, creating a substantial dead time due to the beam-line initialization (ramping) before each re-scan. In 2019 we commissioned an energy meandering strategy that allows us to avoid beam line ramping in-between energy series while maintaining beam delivery quality.Main results.The measured beam parameters difference for both energy sequence are in the order of the typical daily variations: 0.2 mm in beam position and 0.2 mm in range. Using machine log files, we performed point-to-point dose difference calculations between original and new applications where we observed dose differences of less than 2%. After three years of operation employing bi-directional energy modulation, we have analysed the individual beam delivery time for 181 patients and have compared this to simulations of the timing behaviour assuming uni-directional energy sequence application. Depending on treatment complexity, we obtained plan delivery time reductions of up to 55%, with a median time gain of 17% for all types of treatments.Significance. Bi-directional energy modulation can help improving patient treatment efficiency by reducing delivery times especially for complex and specialised irradiations. It could be implemented in many existing facilities without significant additional hardware upgrades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Actis
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Mayor
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland
| | - David Meer
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland
| | - Urs Rechsteiner
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland
| | | | - Antony John Lomax
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Damien Charles Weber
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland
- University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Rossi E, Russo S, Maestri D, Magro G, Mirandola A, Molinelli S, Vai A, Grevillot L, Bolsa-Ferruz M, Rossomme S, Ciocca M. Characterization of a flat-panel detector for 2D dosimetry in scanned proton and carbon ion beams. Phys Med 2023; 107:102561. [PMID: 36898300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To fully characterize the flat panel detector of the new Sphinx Compact device with scanned proton and carbon ion beams. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Sphinx Compact is designed for daily QA in particle therapy. We tested its repeatability and dose rate dependence as well as its proportionality with an increasing number of particles and potential quenching effect. Potential radiation damage was evaluated. Finally, we compared the spot characterization (position and profile FWHM) with our radiochromic EBT3 film baseline. RESULTS The detector showed a repeatability of 1.7% and 0.9% for single spots of protons and carbon ions, respectively, while for small scanned fields it was inferior to 0.2% for both particles. The response was independent from the dose rate (difference from nominal value < 1.5%). We observed an under-response due to quenching effect for both particles, mostly for carbon ions. No radiation damage effects were observed after two months of weekly use and approximately 1350 Gy delivered to the detector. Good agreement was found between the Sphinx and EBT3 films for the spot position (central-axis deviation within 1 mm). The spot size measured with the Sphinx was larger compared to films. For protons, the average and maximum differences over different energies were 0.4 mm (3%) and 1 mm (7%); for carbon ions they were 0.2 mm (4%) and 0.4 mm (6%). CONCLUSIONS Despite the quenching effect the Sphinx Compact fulfills the requirements needed for constancy checks and could represent a time-saving tool for daily QA in scanned particle beams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Davide Maestri
- Fondazione CNAO, Pavia, Italy; Ospedale Ca' Foncello, Treviso, Italy
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Grevillot L, Moreno JO, Fuchs H, Dreindl R, Elia A, Bolsa-Ferruz M, Stock M, Palmans H. Implementation of Sphinx/Lynx as daily QA equipment for scanned proton and carbon ion beams. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2023; 24:e13896. [PMID: 36704919 PMCID: PMC10113702 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Reporting on the first implementation of a proton dedicated commercial device (IBA Sphinx/Lynx) for daily Quality Assurance (QA) of scanned proton and carbon ion beams. METHODS Daily QA trendlines over more than 3 years for protons and more than 2 years for carbon ions have been acquired. Key daily QA parameters were reviewed, namely the spot size and position, beam range, Bragg peak width, coincidence (between beam and imaging system isocenters), homogeneity and dose. RESULTS The performance of the QA equipment for protons and carbon ions was evaluated. Daily QA trendlines allowed us to detect machine performance drifts and changes. The definition of tolerances and action levels is provided and compared with levels used in the literature. CONCLUSION The device has been successfully implemented for routine daily QA activities in a dual particle therapy facility for more than 2 years. It improved the efficiency of daily QA and provides a comprehensive QA process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hermann Fuchs
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Ralf Dreindl
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Alessio Elia
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | | | - Markus Stock
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.,Department of Oncology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Hugo Palmans
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.,National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
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Yasui K, Omi Y, Shimomura A, Muramatsu R, Iwata H, Ogino H, Hayashi N. Dosimetric impact of systematic spot position errors in spot scanning proton therapy of head and neck tumor. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S0. [PMID: 37147973 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_389_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The spot position is an important beam parameter in the quality assurance of scanning proton therapy. In this study, we investigated dosimetric impact of systematic 15 spot position errors (SSPE) in spot scanning proton therapy using three types of optimization methods of head and neck tumor. Materials and Methods The planning simulation was performed with ± 2 mm model SSPE in the X and Y directions. Treatment plans were created using intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) and single-field uniform dose (SFUD). IMPT plans were created by two optimization methods: with worst-case optimization (WCO-IMPT) and without (IMPT). For clinical target volume (CTV), D95%, D50%, and D2cc were used for analysis. For organs at risk (OAR), Dmean was used to analyze the brain, cochlea, and parotid, and Dmax was used to analyze brainsetem, chiasm, optic nerve, and cord. Results For CTV, the variation (1 standard deviation) of D95% was ± 0.88%, 0.97% and 0.97% to WCO-IMPT, IMPT, and SFUD plan. The variation of D50% and D2cc of CTV showed <0.5% variation in all plans. The dose variation due to SSPE was larger in OAR, and worst-case optimization reduced the dose variation, especially in Dmax. The analysis results showed that SSPE has little impact on SFUD. Conclusions We clarified the impact of SSPE on dose distribution for three optimization methods. SFUD was shown to be a robust treatment plan for OARs, and the WCO can be used to increase robustness to SSPE in IMPT.
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Jo K, Chung E, Han Y, Ahn SH, Sheen H, Cho S. Monitor unit prediction model for wobbling proton therapy with ridge filters. Med Phys 2021; 48:8107-8116. [PMID: 34628659 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We introduced an output factor (cGy/MU) prediction model for wobbling proton beams over the full range of proton energy, scatterer thickness, and the width of spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP). MATERIALS AND METHODS From December 2015 to August 2020, 1990 wobbling proton fields were used to treat patients, where 1714 fields had a diameter smaller than 11 cm and 276 had a diameter between 11 and 16 cm, which were designated as small and middle wobbling radius cases, respectively. The output factor is defined as the ratio of proton absorbed dose at mid-depth of SOBP to monitor unit (MU). It depends dominantly on proton energy, scatterer thickness, and the width of SOBP. We established the prediction model using the polynomial fitting function and determined its coefficients for the small and middle wobbling radius cases. We evaluated the accuracy of our prediction model by calculating the difference between predicted and measured output factors. RESULTS For the small wobbling radius cases, the mean value of the output factor difference was 0.22% with a standard deviation of 1.3%. For the middle wobbling radius cases, the mean value was 0.20% and with a standard deviation of 0.79%. The large deviation was especially observed for wobbling proton beams having small field size and small width of SOBP. CONCLUSIONS We made a prediction model of output factor for wobbling proton beams, thereby determining MU of each beam. This included the dependency of the output factor on the proton energy between 70 and 230 MeV, scatterer thickness, and the width of SOBP. For 93.6% of the small and 95.5% of the middle wobbling radius cases, the deviation between predicted and measured output factor was below 3%. The cases with deviations of predicted and measured output factor above 3% had small field size and small width of SOBP. The accuracy of our prediction model would be improved by adopting the field size effect and measuring more cases of small field size and small SOBP width in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanghyun Jo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunah Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngyih Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoon Sheen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkoo Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chen JN, Moyers MF, Lin LC. A simple and fast daily quality assurance solution for modulated scanning proton and carbon ion beams. Med Phys 2021; 48:5684-5693. [PMID: 34370305 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A typical ion beam treatment facility has multiple treatment rooms and may treat with more than one ion species, thus requiring a significant quality assurance (QA) effort. The goal of this work was to perform daily QA using a single irradiation per ion species to obtain the beam dosimetry parameters of dose per monitor unit (D/MU), range, and spot position. The X-ray alignment system should also be checked and the entire procedure performed by therapists. METHODS This goal was achieved by designing a jig for the Sun Nuclear Daily QA™ 3 device and combining it with specific brass boluses, a standard QA plan, and a cuboid polyethylene phantom for positioning/repositioning tests. The design of the plan used for each ion species delivery ensured that there was no interference between the tests of the various characteristics. RESULTS The 1-year monitoring results showed the proposed daily QA procedure was reliable and able to reflect each of the specified QA items of the proton and carbon ion beams. To simplify the daily analysis, the tolerances for the D/MU, beam range, and spot position (±1.5%, ±0.3 mm, ±1.5 mm, respectively) are checked using only the detector readings without the need for additional data processing. CONCLUSIONS The proposed daily QA procedure was clinically implemented in our facility in April 2019 and has run smoothly for the first 2 years of operation. The total daily QA time for the four-room facility decreased from 1 to 1.5 h to 30 to 40 min and was achieved not by reducing QA tests but rather by implementing new technology and procedures permitting acquisition of multiple beam information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ni Chen
- Department of Medical Physics, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai 201321, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai 201321, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China
| | - Michael F Moyers
- Department of Medical Physics, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai 201321, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai 201321, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China
| | - Lien-Chun Lin
- Department of Medical Physics, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai 201321, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai 201321, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China
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Su Z, Hsi W, Forthomme J, Rossomme S. Evaluations of a flat-panel based compact daily quality assurance device for proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) system. Phys Med 2020; 80:243-250. [PMID: 33202363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the flat-panel detector quenching effect and clinical usability of a flat-panel based compact QA device for PBS daily constancy measurements. MATERIALS & METHOD The QA device, named Sphinx Compact, is composed of a 20x20 cm2 flat-panel imager mounted on a portable frame with removable plastic modules for constancy checks of proton energy (100 MeV, 150 MeV, 200 MeV), Spread-Out-Bragg-Peak (SOBP) profile, and machine output. The potential quenching effect of the flat-panel detector was evaluated. Daily PBS QA tests of X-ray/proton isocenter coincidence, the constancy of proton spot position and sigma as well as the energy of pristine proton beam, and the flatness of SOBP proton beam through the 'transformed' profile were performed and analyzed. Furthermore, the sensitivity of detecting energy changes of pristine proton beam was also evaluated. RESULTS The quenching effect was observed at depths near the pristine peak regions. The flat-panel measured range of the distal 80% is within 0.9 mm to the defined ranges of the delivered proton beams. X-ray/proton isocenter coincidence tests demonstrated maximum mismatch of 0.3 mm between the two isocenters. The device can detect 0.1 mm change of spot position and 0.1 MeV energy changes of pristine proton beams. The measured transformed SOBP beam profile through the wedge module rendered as flat. CONCLUSIONS Even though the flat-panel detector exhibited quenching effect at the Bragg peak region, the proton range can still be accurately measured. The device can fulfill the requirements of the daily QA tests recommended by the AAPM TG224 Report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida Health Proton Therapy Institute, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Wen Hsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida Health Proton Therapy Institute, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Jeong S, Yoon M, Chung K, Ahn SH, Lee B, Seo J. Clinical application of a gantry-attachable plastic scintillating plate dosimetry system in pencil beam scanning proton therapy beam monitoring. Phys Med 2020; 77:181-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Kelleter L, Radogna R, Volz L, Attree D, Basharina-Freshville A, Seco J, Saakyan R, Jolly S. A scintillator-based range telescope for particle therapy. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:165001. [PMID: 32422621 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab9415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The commissioning and operation of a particle therapy centre requires an extensive set of detectors for measuring various parameters of the treatment beam. Among the key devices are detectors for beam range quality assurance. In this work, a novel range telescope based on a plastic scintillator and read out by a large-scale CMOS sensor is presented. The detector is made of a stack of 49 plastic scintillator sheets with a thickness of 2-3 mm and an active area of 100 × 100 mm2, resulting in a total physical stack thickness of 124.2 mm. This compact design avoids optical artefacts that are common in other scintillation detectors. The range of a proton beam is reconstructed using a novel Bragg curve model that incorporates scintillator quenching effects. Measurements to characterise the performance of the detector were carried out at the Heidelberger Ionenstrahl-Therapiezentrum (HIT, Heidelberg, GER) and the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre (CCC, Bebington, UK). The maximum difference between the measured range and the reference range was found to be 0.41 mm at a proton beam range of 310 mm and was dominated by detector alignment uncertainties. With the new detector prototype, the water-equivalent thickness of PMMA degrader blocks has been reconstructed within ± 0.1 mm. An evaluation of the radiation hardness proves that the range reconstruction algorithm is robust following the deposition of 6,300 Gy peak dose into the detector. Furthermore, small variations in the beam spot size and transverse beam position are shown to have a negligible effect on the range reconstruction accuracy. The potential for range measurements of ion beams is also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Kelleter
- Dept. Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
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Catalano R, Petringa G, Cuttone G, Bonanno V, Chiappara D, Musumeci M, Puglia S, Stella G, Scifoni E, Tommasino F, Cirrone G. Transversal dose profile reconstruction for clinical proton beams: A detectors inter-comparison. Phys Med 2020; 70:133-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Mah D, Chen CC, Nawaz AO, Galbreath G, Shmulenson R, Lee N, Chon B. Retrospective analysis of reduced energy switching and room switching times on throughput efficiency of a multi-room proton therapy center. Br J Radiol 2019; 93:20190820. [PMID: 31746631 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify how a control software upgrade changed beam delivery times and impacted efficiency and capacity of a multiroom proton therapy center. METHODS A four-room center treating approximately 90 patients/day, treating for approximately 7 years with optimized operations, underwent a software upgrade which reduced room and energy switching times from approximately 30 to 20 s and approximately 4 s to ~0.5 s, respectively. The center uses radio-frequency identification data to track patient treatments and has software which links this to beam delivery data extracted from the treatment log server. Two 4-month periods, with comparable patient volume, representing periods before and after the software change, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS A total of 16,168 and 17,102 fields were analyzed. For bilateral head and neck and prostate patients, the beam waiting time was reduced by nearly a factor of 3 and the beam delivery times were reduced by nearly a factor of 2.5. Room switching times were reduced more modestly. Gantry capacity has increased from approximately 30 patients to 40-45 patients in a 16-h daily operation. CONCLUSIONS Many proton centers are striving for increased efficiencies. We demonstrated that reductions in energy and room switching time can significantly increase center capacity. Greater potential for further gains would come from improvements in setup and imaging efficiency. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This paper provides detailed measured data on the effect on treatment times resulting from reducing energy and room switching times under controlled conditions. It helps validate the models of previous investigations to establish treatment capacity of a proton therapy center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Mah
- ProCure Proton Therapy Center, 103 Cedar Grove Lane, Somerset NJ 08540, USA
| | - Chin Cheng Chen
- ProCure Proton Therapy Center, 103 Cedar Grove Lane, Somerset NJ 08540, USA
| | - A Omer Nawaz
- ProCure Proton Therapy Center, 103 Cedar Grove Lane, Somerset NJ 08540, USA
| | - Greg Galbreath
- Transeo Radiothearpy Solutions, 1 Ferry Building #255, San Francisco CA 94111, USA
| | - Reuven Shmulenson
- ProCure Proton Therapy Center, 103 Cedar Grove Lane, Somerset NJ 08540, USA
| | - Nancy Lee
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian Chon
- ProCure Proton Therapy Center, 103 Cedar Grove Lane, Somerset NJ 08540, USA
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15
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Arjomandy B, Taylor P, Ainsley C, Safai S, Sahoo N, Pankuch M, Farr JB, Yong Park S, Klein E, Flanz J, Yorke ED, Followill D, Kase Y. AAPM task group 224: Comprehensive proton therapy machine quality assurance. Med Phys 2019; 46:e678-e705. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Arjomandy
- Karmanos Cancer Institute at McLaren‐Flint McLaren Proton Therapy Center Flint MI USA
| | - Paige Taylor
- Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC) Houston University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
| | | | - Sairos Safai
- Center for Proton Therapy Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Narayan Sahoo
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
| | - Mark Pankuch
- Northwestern Medicine Chicago Proton Center Warrenville IL USA
| | - Jonathan B. Farr
- Applications of Detectors and Accelerators to Medicine 1217Meyrin Switzerland
| | | | - Eric Klein
- Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA
| | - Jacob Flanz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Burr Proton Therapy Center Boston MA
- Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA USA
| | | | - David Followill
- Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC) Houston University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
| | - Yuki Kase
- Proton Therapy Division Shizuoka Cancer Center Shizuoka Japan
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16
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A dosimetric analysis of proton beam therapy using different snouts. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396918000675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPurposeThis exploration is intended to analyse the dosimetric characteristics of proton beams of multiple energies using different snout sizes.Materials and methodsA synchrotron was used for the extraction of eight proton beam energies (100–250 MeV). Dosimetric measurements were taken in a water phantom that was irradiated with a proton beam emanating from the gantry system at angles 0, 90, 180 and 270 degree using a large and a medium snout. The range of beam energies in the phantom, their corresponding centre modulation depth (CMD) and the width of spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) were measured by Markus chamber. Double scattering technique was employed for the creation of SOBPs.ResultsThe range of proton beams varied from 4·3 cm for 100 MeV beam to 28·5 cm for 250 MeV beam with the medium snout and from 4·3 cm for 100 MeV to 25 cm for 250 MeV beam with large snout in the water phantom. SOBP width showed a variation from 4 to 10 cm with medium and large snout. While determining the output with medium snout, the discrepancy of 1·1% was observed between the maximum and minimum mean values of output for all the given set of energies and angles. There occurred a difference of 0·9% between the maximum and minimum mean values of output with the large snout. Beam output at SOBP centre was 12% higher with large snout as compared to that with medium snout for all the given beam energies. Flatness and symmetry were found within ±2·5% tolerance limits with medium and large snouts.ConclusionFlatness and symmetry were found within explicit limits with both medium and large snouts. Large snout produced higher beam output than that of medium snout at the centre of SOBP. This exploration can be extended to the determination of beam output, flatness and symmetry with a small snout.
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17
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Rana S, Bennouna J, Samuel EJJ, Gutierrez AN. Development and long-term stability of a comprehensive daily QA program for a modern pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy delivery system. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2019; 20:29-44. [PMID: 30920146 PMCID: PMC6448164 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate the clinical implementation of a comprehensive pencil beam scanning (PBS) daily quality assurance (QA) program involving a number of novel QA devices including the Sphinx/Lynx/parallel-plate (PPC05) ion chamber and HexaCheck/multiple imaging modality isocentricity (MIMI) imaging phantoms. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of testing the connectivity among oncology information system (OIS), beam delivery/imaging systems, and patient position system at a proton center with multi-vendor equipment and software. METHODS For dosimetry, a daily QA plan with spot map of four different energies (106, 145, 172, and 221 MeV) is delivered on the delivery system through the OIS. The delivery assesses the dose output, field homogeneity, beam coincidence, beam energy, width, distal-fall-off (DFO), and spot characteristics - for example, position, size, and skewness. As a part of mechanical and imaging QA, a treatment plan with the MIMI phantom serving as the patient is transferred from OIS to imaging system. The HexaCheck/MIMI phantoms are used to assess daily laser accuracy, imaging isocenter accuracy, image registration accuracy, and six-dimensional (6D) positional correction accuracy for the kV imaging system and robotic couch. RESULTS The daily QA results presented herein are based on 202 daily sets of measurements over a period of 10 months. Total time to perform daily QA tasks at our center is under 30 min. The relative difference (Δrel ) of daily measurements with respect to baseline was within ± 1% for field homogeneity, ±0.5 mm for range, width and DFO, ±1 mm for spots positions, ±10% for in-air spot sigma, ±0.5 spot skewness, and ±1 mm for beam coincidence (except 1 case: Δrel = 1.3 mm). The average Δrel in dose output was -0.2% (range: -1.1% to 1.5%). For 6D IGRT QA, the average absolute difference (Δabs ) was ≤0.6 ± 0.4 mm for translational and ≤0.5° for rotational shifts. CONCLUSION The use of novel QA devices such as the Sphinx in conjunction with the Lynx, PPC05 ion chamber, HexaCheck/MIMI phantoms, and myQA software was shown to provide a comprehensive and efficient method for performing daily QA of a number of system parameters for a modern proton PBS-dedicated treatment delivery unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Rana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Jaafar Bennouna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Alonso N Gutierrez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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18
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Winterhalter C, Meier G, Oxley D, Weber DC, Lomax AJ, Safai S. Log file based Monte Carlo calculations for proton pencil beam scanning therapy. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:035014. [PMID: 30540984 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaf82d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Patient specific quality assurance is crucial to guarantee safety in proton pencil beam scanning. In current clinical practice, this requires extensive, time consuming measurements. Additionally, these measurements do not consider the influence of density heterogeneities in the patient and are insensitive to delivery errors. In this work, we investigate the use of log file based Monte Carlo calculations for dose reconstructions in the patient CT, which takes the combined influence of calculational and delivery errors into account. For one example field, 87%/90% of the voxels agree within ±3% when taking either calculational or delivery uncertainties into account (analytical versus Monte Carlo calculation/Monte Carlo from planned versus Monte Carlo from log file). 78% agree when considering both uncertainties simultaneously (nominal field versus Monte Carlo from log files). We then show the application of the log file based Monte Carlo calculations as a patient specific quality assurance tool for a set of five patients (16 fields) treated for different indications. For all fields, absolute dose scaling factors based on the log file Monte Carlo agree within ±3% to the measurement based absolute dose scaling. Relative comparison shows that more than 90% of the voxels agree within ± 5% between the analytical calculated plan and the Monte Carlo based on log files. The log file based Monte Carlo approach is an end-to-end test incorporating all requirements of patient specific quality assurance. It has the potential to reduce the workload and therefore to increase the patient throughput, while simultaneously enabling more accurate dose verification directly in the patient geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Winterhalter
- Centre for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Placidi L, Togno M, Weber DC, Lomax AJ, Hrbacek J. Range resolution and reproducibility of a dedicated phantom for proton PBS daily quality assurance. Z Med Phys 2018; 28:310-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Giordanengo S, Palmans H. Dose detectors, sensors, and their applications. Med Phys 2018; 45:e1051-e1072. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Giordanengo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Section of Torino Via Giuria 1 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Hugo Palmans
- National Physical Laboratory Medical Radiation Science Hampton Road Teddington Middlesex TW11 0LW UK
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie‐Curiestraße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
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21
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Matter M, Nenoff L, Meier G, Weber DC, Lomax AJ, Albertini F. Alternatives to patient specific verification measurements in proton therapy: a comparative experimental study with intentional errors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:205014. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aae2f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Trnková P, Knäusl B, Actis O, Bert C, Biegun AK, Boehlen TT, Furtado H, McClelland J, Mori S, Rinaldi I, Rucinski A, Knopf AC. Clinical implementations of 4D pencil beam scanned particle therapy: Report on the 4D treatment planning workshop 2016 and 2017. Phys Med 2018; 54:121-130. [PMID: 30337001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016 and 2017, the 8th and 9th 4D treatment planning workshop took place in Groningen (the Netherlands) and Vienna (Austria), respectively. This annual workshop brings together international experts to discuss research, advances in clinical implementation as well as problems and challenges in 4D treatment planning, mainly in spot scanned proton therapy. In the last two years several aspects like treatment planning, beam delivery, Monte Carlo simulations, motion modeling and monitoring, QA phantoms as well as 4D imaging were thoroughly discussed. This report provides an overview of discussed topics, recent findings and literature review from the last two years. Its main focus is to highlight translation of 4D research into clinical practice and to discuss remaining challenges and pitfalls that still need to be addressed and to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Trnková
- HollandPTC, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 5201, 3008 AE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Knäusl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna, Austria
| | - Oxana Actis
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Aleksandra K Biegun
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Till T Boehlen
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Furtado
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna, Austria
| | - Jamie McClelland
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Dept. Medical Physics and Biomedical, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shinichiro Mori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences for Charged Particle Therapy, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ilaria Rinaldi
- Lyon 1 University and CNRS/IN2P3, UMR 5822, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; MAASTRO Clinic, P.O. Box 3035, 6202 NA Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Antje C Knopf
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiation Oncology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Deng W, Liu W, Robertson DG, Bues M, Sio TT, Keole SR, Shen J. Technical Note: Using dual step wedge and 2D scintillator to achieve highly precise and robust proton range quality assurance. Med Phys 2018; 45:2947-2951. [PMID: 29754455 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a fast method for proton range quality assurance (QA) using a dual step wedge and two-dimensional (2D) scintillator and to evaluate the robustness, sensitivity, and long-term reproducibility of this method. METHODS An in-house customized dual step wedge and a 2D scintillator were developed to measure proton ranges. Proton beams with homogenous fluence were delivered through wedge, and the images captured by the scintillator were used to calculate the proton ranges by a simple trigonometric method. The range measurements of 97 energies, comprising all clinically available synchrotron energies at our facility (ranges varying from 4 to 32 cm) were repeated ten times in all four gantry rooms for range baseline values. They were then used for evaluating room-to-room range consistencies. The robustness to setup uncertainty was evaluated by measuring ranges with ±2 mm setup deviations in the x, y, and z directions. The long-term reproducibility was evaluated by 1 month of daily range measurements by this method. RESULTS Ranges of all 97 energies were measured in less than 10 minutes including setup time. The reproducibility in a single day and daily over 1 month is within 0.1 and 0.15 mm, respectively. The method was very robust to setup uncertainty, with measured range consistencies within 0.15 mm for ±2 mm couch shifts. The method was also sensitive enough for validating range consistencies among gantry rooms and for detecting small range variations. CONCLUSIONS The new method of using a dual step wedge and scintillator for proton range QA was efficient, highly reproducible, and robust. This method of proton range QA was highly feasible and appealing from a workflow point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | | | - Martin Bues
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Terence T Sio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Sameer R Keole
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Jiajian Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
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Younkin JE, Shen J, Bues M, Robertson DG, Mundy DW, Clouser E, Liu W, Ding X, Stoker JB. Technical Note: An efficient daily QA procedure for proton pencil beam scanning. Med Phys 2018; 45:1040-1049. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James E. Younkin
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Phoenix AZ 85259 USA
| | - Jiajian Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Phoenix AZ 85259 USA
| | - Martin Bues
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Phoenix AZ 85259 USA
| | | | - Daniel W. Mundy
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Mayo Clinic Rochester; Rochester MN 55905 USA
| | - Edward Clouser
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Phoenix AZ 85259 USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Phoenix AZ 85259 USA
| | - Xiaoning Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Phoenix AZ 85259 USA
| | - Joshua B. Stoker
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Mayo Clinic Arizona; Phoenix AZ 85259 USA
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25
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Giordanengo S, Manganaro L, Vignati A. Review of technologies and procedures of clinical dosimetry for scanned ion beam radiotherapy. Phys Med 2017; 43:79-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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