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Dejene EM, Brenner W, Makowski MR, Kolbitsch C. Unified Bayesian network for uncertainty quantification of physiological parameters in dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI of the liver. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:215018. [PMID: 37820640 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Physiological parameter estimation is affected by intrinsic ambiguity in the data such as noise and model inaccuracies. The aim of this work is to provide a deep learning framework for accurate parameter and uncertainty estimates for DCE-MRI in the liver.Approach. Concentration time curves are simulated to train a Bayesian neural network (BNN). Training of the BNN involves minimization of a loss function that jointly minimizes the aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties. Uncertainty estimation is evaluated for different noise levels and for different out of distribution (OD) cases, i.e. where the data during inference differs strongly to the data during training. The accuracy of parameter estimates are compared to a nonlinear least squares (NLLS) fitting in numerical simulations andin vivodata of a patient suffering from hepatic tumor lesions.Main results. BNN achieved lower root-mean-squared-errors (RMSE) than the NLLS for the simulated data. RMSE of BNN was on overage of all noise levels lower by 33% ± 1.9% forktrans, 22% ± 6% forveand 89% ± 5% forvpthan the NLLS. The aleatoric uncertainties of the parameters increased with increasing noise level, whereas the epistemic uncertainty increased when a BNN was evaluated with OD data. For thein vivodata, more robust parameter estimations were obtained by the BNN than the NLLS fit. In addition, the differences between estimated parameters for healthy and tumor regions-of-interest were significant (p< 0.0001).Significance. The proposed framework allowed for accurate parameter estimates for quantitative DCE-MRI. In addition, the BNN provided uncertainty estimates which highlighted cases of high noise and in which the training data did not match the data during inference. This is important for clinical application because it would indicate cases in which the trained model is inadequate and additional training with an adapted training data set is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edengenet M Dejene
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Winfried Brenner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus R Makowski
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Kolbitsch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
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Jia L, Wu X, Wan Q, Wan L, Jia W, Zhang N. Effects of artery input function on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for determining grades of gliomas. Br J Radiol 2020; 94:20200699. [PMID: 33332981 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of artery input function (AIF) derived from different arteries for pharmacokinetic modeling on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters in the grading of gliomas. METHODS 49 patients with pathologically confirmed gliomas were recruited and underwent DCE-MRI. A modified Tofts model with different AIFs derived from anterior cerebral artery (ACA), ipsilateral and contralateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was used to estimate quantitative parameters such as Ktrans (volume transfer constant) and Ve (fractional extracellular-extravascular space volume) for distinguishing the low grade glioma from high grade glioma. The Ktrans and Ve were compared between different arteries using Two Related Samples Tests (TRST) (i.e. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test). In addition, these parameters were compared between the low and high grades as well as between the grade II and III using the Mann-Whitney U-test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS All the patients completed the DCE-MRI successfully. Sharp wash-in and wash-out phases were observed in all AIFs derived from the different arteries. The quantitative parameters (Ktrans and Ve) calculated from PCA were significant higher than those from ACA and MCA for low and high grades, respectively (p < 0.05). Despite the differences of quantitative parameters derived from ACA, MCA and PCA, the Ktrans and Ve from any AIFs could distinguish between low and high grade, however, only Ktrans from any AIFs could distinguish grades II and III. There was no significant correlation between parameters and the distance from the artery, which the AIF was extracted, to the tumor. CONCLUSION Both quantitative parameters Ktrans and Ve calculated using any AIF of ACA, MCA, and PCA can be used for distinguishing the low- from high-grade gliomas, however, only Ktrans can distinguish grades II and III. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE We sought to assess the effect of AIF on DCE-MRI for determining grades of gliomas. Both quantitative parameters Ktrans and Ve calculated using any AIF of ACA, MCA, and PCA can be used for distinguishing the low- from high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xin Jiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liwen Wan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenxiao Jia
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xin Jiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Li J, Xue F, Xu X, Wang Q, Zhang X. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI differentiates hepatocellular carcinoma from hepatic metastasis of rectal cancer by extracting pharmacokinetic parameters and radiomic features. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3643-3652. [PMID: 32855716 PMCID: PMC7444351 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore how dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) may differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from hepatic metastasis of rectal cancer (HMRC) by extracting pharmacokinetic parameters and radiomic features. A total of 75 patients, including 41 cases with HCC and 34 cases with HMRC, underwent DCE-MRI examination. Dual-input two-compartment extended Tofts tracer kinetic model attached to a specialized image post-processing software package from OmniKinetics; GE Healthcare was used to calculate the values of the pharmacokinetic parameters and radiomic features, which were extracted from the lesions at the same region of interest. These values were evaluated using Student's t-test and receiver operating characteristic curves, and discriminant models were built to differentiate between HCC and HRMC. The results identified statistically significant differences in the values of the pharmacokinetic parameters hepatic perfusion index (HPI), endothelial transfer constant (Ktrans), initial area under the gadolinium concentration curve during the first 60 sec (IAUC) between the HCC and HRMC groups. In addition, statistically significant differences in 17 radiomic features were observed between the two groups (P<0.05). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the pharmacokinetic parameters Ktrans, IAUC and HPI were 0.73, 0.77 and 0.67, respectively. The range of the areas under the ROC curves of the 17 radiomic features with statistical differences was 0.63-0.79. In addition, when pharmacokinetic parameters and radiomic features were incorporated, the area under the ROC curve was 0.86. The accuracy of Fisher's discriminant analysis model based on radiomic features was 89.3%, and the leave-one-out cross-validation accuracy was 80.0%. In conclusion, DCE-MRI was demonstrated to be useful in the differential diagnosis of HCC and HMRC by extracting pharmacokinetic parameters and radiomic features, and incorporation of the two paths improved the diagnostic efficacy. A discriminant model based on radiomic features further enhanced the identification of HCC and HMRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Li
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Radiology, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Xu
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Ghodasara S, Chen Y, Pahwa S, Griswold MA, Seiberlich N, Wright KL, Gulani V. Quantifying Perfusion Properties with DCE-MRI Using a Dictionary Matching Approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10210. [PMID: 32576843 PMCID: PMC7311534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66985-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfusion properties can be estimated from pharmacokinetic models applied to DCE-MRI data using curve fitting algorithms; however, these suffer from drawbacks including the local minimum problem and substantial computational time. Here, a dictionary matching approach is proposed as an alternative. Curve fitting and dictionary matching were applied to simulated data using the dual-input single-compartment model with known perfusion property values and 5 in vivo DCE-MRI datasets. In simulation at SNR 60 dB, the dictionary estimate had a mean percent error of 0.4-1.0% for arterial fraction, 0.5-1.4% for distribution volume, and 0.0% for mean transit time. The curve fitting estimate had a mean percent error of 1.1-2.1% for arterial fraction, 0.5-1.3% for distribution volume, and 0.2-1.8% for mean transit time. In vivo, dictionary matching and curve fitting showed no statistically significant differences in any of the perfusion property measurements in any of the 10 ROIs between the methods. In vivo, the dictionary method performed over 140-fold faster than curve fitting, obtaining whole volume perfusion maps in just over 10 s. This study establishes the feasibility of using a dictionary matching approach as a new and faster way of estimating perfusion properties from pharmacokinetic models in DCE-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Ghodasara
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shivani Pahwa
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark A Griswold
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole Seiberlich
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katherine L Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vikas Gulani
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Wang S, Fan X, Zhang Y, Medved M, He D, Yousuf A, Jamison E, Oto A, Karczmar GS. Use of Indicator Dilution Principle to Evaluate Accuracy of Arterial Input Function Measured With Low-Dose Ultrafast Prostate Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:260-265. [PMID: 31245547 PMCID: PMC6588202 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2019.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accurately measuring arterial input function (AIF) is essential for quantitative analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used the indicator dilution principle to evaluate the accuracy of AIF measured directly from an artery following a low-dose contrast media ultrafast DCE-MRI. In total, 15 patients with biopsy-confirmed localized prostate cancers were recruited. Cardiac MRI (CMRI) and ultrafast DCE-MRI were acquired on a Philips 3 T Ingenia scanner. The AIF was measured at iliac arties following injection of a low-dose (0.015 mmol/kg) gadolinium (Gd) contrast media. The cardiac output (CO) from CMRI (COCMRI) was calculated from the difference in ventricular volume at diastole and systole measured on the short axis of heart. The CO from DCE-MRI (CODCE) was also calculated from the AIF and dose of the contrast media used. A correlation test and Bland–Altman plot were used to compare COCMRI and CODCE. The average (±standard deviation [SD]) area under the curve measured directly from local AIF was 0.219 ± 0.07 mM·min. The average (±SD) COCMRI and CODCE were 6.52 ± 1.47 L/min and 6.88 ± 1.64 L/min, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.82, P < .01) and good agreement between COCMRI and CODCE. The CODCE is consistent with the reference standard COCMRI. This indicates that the AIF can be measured accurately from an artery with ultrafast DCE-MRI following injection of a low-dose contrast media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL and
| | - Xiaobing Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL and
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL and
| | - Milica Medved
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL and
| | - Dianning He
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL and.,Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ambereen Yousuf
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL and
| | - Ernest Jamison
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL and
| | - Aytekin Oto
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL and
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Hernández Lozano I, Karch R, Bauer M, Blaickner M, Matsuda A, Wulkersdorfer B, Hacker M, Zeitlinger M, Langer O. Towards Improved Pharmacokinetic Models for the Analysis of Transporter-Mediated Hepatic Disposition of Drug Molecules with Positron Emission Tomography. AAPS J 2019; 21:61. [PMID: 31037511 PMCID: PMC6488550 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with radiolabeled drugs holds great promise to assess the influence of membrane transporters on hepatobiliary clearance of drugs. To exploit the full potential of PET, quantitative pharmacokinetic models are required. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of different compartment models to describe the hepatic disposition of [11C]erlotinib as a small-molecule model drug which undergoes transporter-mediated hepatobiliary excretion. We analyzed two different, previously published data sets in healthy volunteers, in which a baseline [11C]erlotinib PET scan was followed by a second PET scan either after oral intake of unlabeled erlotinib (300 mg) or after intravenous infusion of the prototypical organic anion-transporting polypeptide inhibitor rifampicin (600 mg). We assessed a three-compartment (3C) and a four-compartment (4C) model, in which either a sampled arterial blood input function or a mathematically derived dual input function (DIF), which takes the contribution of the portal vein to the liver blood supply into account, was used. Both models provided acceptable fits of the observed PET data in the liver and extrahepatic bile duct and gall bladder. Changes in model outcome parameters between scans were consistent with the involvement of basolateral hepatocyte uptake and canalicular efflux transporters in the hepatobiliary clearance of [11C]erlotinib. Our results demonstrated that inclusion of a DIF did not lead to substantial improvements in model fits. The models developed in this work represent a step forward in applying PET as a tool to assess the impact of hepatic transporters on drug disposition and their involvement in drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Hernández Lozano
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Karch
- Centre for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Blaickner
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Akihiro Matsuda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrix Wulkersdorfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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