1
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Sabrin S, Karmokar DK, Karmakar NC, Hong SH, Habibullah H, Szili EJ. Opportunities of Electronic and Optical Sensors in Autonomous Medical Plasma Technologies. ACS Sens 2023; 8:974-993. [PMID: 36897225 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature plasma technology is proving to be at the frontier of emerging medical technologies with real potential to overcome escalating healthcare challenges including antimicrobial and anticancer resistance. However, significant improvements in efficacy, safety, and reproducibility of plasma treatments need to be addressed to realize the full clinical potential of the technology. To improve plasma treatments recent research has focused on integrating automated feedback control systems into medical plasma technologies to maintain optimal performance and safety. However, more advanced diagnostic systems are still needed to provide data into feedback control systems with sufficient levels of sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. These diagnostic systems need to be compatible with the biological target and to also not perturb the plasma treatment. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art electronic and optical sensors that might be suitable to address this unmet technological need, and the steps needed to integrate these sensors into autonomous plasma systems. Realizing this technological gap could facilitate the development of next-generation medical plasma technologies with strong potential to yield superior healthcare outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumyea Sabrin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Debabrata K Karmokar
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Nemai C Karmakar
- Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Department, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sung-Ha Hong
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Habibullah Habibullah
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Endre J Szili
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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2
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Bak J, Suazo Betancourt JL, Rekhy A, Abbasszadehrad A, Miles RB, Limbach CM, Walker MLR. High resolution spatially extended 1D laser scattering diagnostics using volume Bragg grating notch filters. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:023003. [PMID: 36859064 DOI: 10.1063/5.0121436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser light scattering systems with volume Bragg grating (VBG) filters, which act as spectral/angular filters, have often been used as a point measurement technique, with spatial resolution as low as a few hundred μm, defined by the beam waist. In this work, we demonstrate how VBG filters can be leveraged for spatially resolved measurements with several μm resolution over a few millimeters along the beam propagation axis. The rejection ring, as determined by the angular acceptance criteria of the filter, is derived analytically, and the use of the ring for 1D laser line rejection is explained. For the example cases presented,i.e., for a focused probe beam waist with a diameter of ∼150 μm, the rejection ring can provide resolution up to several millimeter length along the beam propagation axis for a 1D measurement, which is also tunable. Additionally, methods to further extend the measurable region are proposed and demonstrated, using a collimation lens with a different focal length or using multiple VBG filters. The latter case can minimize the scattering signal loss, without the tradeoff of the solid angle. Such use of multiple VBGs is to extend the measurable region along the beam axis, which differs from the commonly known application of multiple filters, to improve the suppression of elastic interferences. 1D rotational Raman and Thomson scattering measurements are carried out on pulsed and DC discharges to verify this method. The system features compactness, simple implementation, high throughput, and flexibility, to accommodate various experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bak
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell St., College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J L Suazo Betancourt
- Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Rekhy
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell St., College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A Abbasszadehrad
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell St., College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - R B Miles
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell St., College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - C M Limbach
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell St., College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M L R Walker
- Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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3
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Kafle N, Elliott D, Berlinger B, He Z, Cohen S, Zhang Z, Biewer TM. Portable diagnostic package for Thomson scattering and optical emission spectroscopy on Princeton field-reversed configuration 2 (PFRC 2). THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:113506. [PMID: 36461530 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy funded diagnostic system has been deployed to the Princeton field-reversed configuration 2 (PFRC-2) device, located at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. The Portable Diagnostic Package (PDP), designed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, allows for the measurement of Thomson Scattering (TS) for electron density and temperature and Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) for ion temperature, impurity density, and ion velocity. A tunable spectrometer on the PDP with three gratings provides the flexibility to measure low (1 eV) and high (1000 eV) electron temperature ranges from TS. Additionally, using a second spectrometer, the OES diagnostic can survey light emission from various ion excitation levels for wide wavelength ranges. The electron density (<2 × 1019 m-3) of plasmas generated in PFRC-2 has been below the PDP TS discrimination threshold, which has made TS signal detection challenging against a high-background of laser stray light. The laser stray light was iteratively reduced by making modifications to the entrance and exit geometry on PFRC-2. Rayleigh scattering experiments on PFRC have yielded the TS discrimination sensitivity to be >1 × 1020 m-3 for the PDP. A recently implemented narrow-band notch spectral filter that masks the second harmonic 532 nm Nd:YAG laser wavelength has increased the system's TS light discrimination sensitivity 65 times compared to the instance when the notch filter was not implemented. The hardware implementation including design changes to the flight tubes and Brewster windows will be discussed, along with results from Rayleigh and rotational Raman scattering sensitivity analyses, which were used to establish a quantitative figure of merit on the system performance. The Raman scattering calibration with the notch filter has improved the PDP electron density threshold to 1 ± 0.5 × 1018 m-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kafle
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D Elliott
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - B Berlinger
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - Z He
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S Cohen
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - T M Biewer
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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4
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Ahmadi M, Potlitz F, Link A, von Woedtke T, Nasri Z, Wende K. Flucytosine-based prodrug activation by cold physical plasma. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200061. [PMID: 35621706 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to trigger drug release from arylboronate-containing ROS-responsive prodrugs. In cancer cells, elevated levels of ROS can be exploited for the selective activation of prodrugs via Baeyer-Villiger type oxidation rearrangement sequences. Here, we report a proof of concept to demonstrate that these cascades can as well be initiated by cold physical plasma (CPP). An analog of a recently reported fluorouracil prodrug based on the less toxic drug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) was synthesized with a view to laboratory safety reasons and used as a model compound to prove our hypothesis that CPP is suitable as a trigger for the prodrug activation. Although the envisioned oxidation and rearrangement with successive loss of boronic acid species could be achieved by plasma treatment, the anticipated spontaneous liberation of 5-FC was inefficient in the model case. However, the obtained results suggest that custom-tailored CPP-responsive prodrugs might become an evolving research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadi
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Potlitz
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Link
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany.,Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Zahra Nasri
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
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5
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Application of Nitrogen Piezoelectric Direct Discharge for Increase in Surface Free Energy of Polymers. PLASMA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/plasma5010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The subject of this study is the application of the piezoelectric direct discharge (PDD) operated with nitrogen to control the surface free energy (SFE) of polymers. The activation area, defined as the area of the zone reaching the SFE of 58 mN/m for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), is characterized. For HDPE, the activation area was characterized as a function of the distance from 1 to 16 mm, the nitrogen flow from 5 to 20 SLM, and the treatment time from 1 to 32 s. For larger distances, where SFE does not exceed 58 mN/m, the water contact angle is evaluated. The activation area for nitrogen PDD is typically a factor of 3 higher than for air with all other conditions the same. A maximum static activation area of 15 cm2 is reached. The plasma treatment of lens panels made of PMMA is presented as application example.
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6
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Towards plasma jet controlled charging of a dielectric target at grounded, biased, and floating potential. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1157. [PMID: 35064194 PMCID: PMC8782846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric field and surface charge measurements are presented to understand the dynamics in the plasma–surface interaction of a plasma jet and a dielectric surface. The ITO coated backside of the dielectric allowed to impose a DC bias and thus compare the influence of a grounded, biased and floating potential. When imposing a controlled potential at the back of the target, the periodical charging is directly dependent on the pulse length, irrespective of that control potential. This is because the plasma plume is sustained throughout the pulse. When uncontrolled and thus with a floating potential surface, charge accumulation and potential build-up prevents a sustained plasma plume. An imposed DC bias also leads to a continuous surface charge to be present accumulated on the plasma side to counteract the bias. This can lead to much higher electric fields (55 kV/cm) and surface charge (200 nC/cm\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^2$$\end{document}2) than observed previously. When the plasma jet is turned off, the continuous surface charge decreased to half its value in 25 ms. These results have implications for surface treatment applications.
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Turan N, Saeidi-Javash M, Chen J, Zeng M, Zhang Y, Go DB. Atmospheric Pressure and Ambient Temperature Plasma Jet Sintering of Aerosol Jet Printed Silver Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47244-47251. [PMID: 34546717 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasmas hold great promise for applications in environmental control, energy conversion, and material processing. Even at room temperature, nonthermal plasmas produce energetic and reactive species that can initiate surface modifications at a plasma-surface interface, including thin-film nanoparticle assemblies, in a nondestructive and effective way. Here, we present the plasma-activated sintering of aerosol jet printed silver thin films on substrates ranging from glass to delicate materials including blotting paper, fruits, and flexible plastic. We characterize the microstructural evolutions and electrical properties of printed films along with the electrical, thermal, and optical properties of an argon plasma jet. We demonstrate an electrical conductivity as high as 1.4 × 106 S/m for printed films sintered under atmospheric conditions in which the surface temperature stays below 50 °C. These results highlight a future direction where additive manufacturing of electronic devices can be achieved on flexible and low-melting-point materials under ambient conditions without requiring additional thermal processing by utilizing nonthermal plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Turan
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mortaza Saeidi-Javash
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Minxiang Zeng
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yanliang Zhang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - David B Go
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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8
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Slikboer E, Walsh J. Impact of electrical grounding conditions on plasma-liquid interactions using Thomson scattering on a pulsed argon jet. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17749. [PMID: 34493756 PMCID: PMC8423766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between an argon plasma jet excited using microsecond duration voltage pulses and a liquid target was examined using Thomson scattering to quantify the temporal evolution of the electron density and temperature. The electrical resistance between a liquid target and the electrical ground was varied from 1 to [Formula: see text] to mimic different conductivity liquids while the influence of the varying electrical properties on the electron dynamics within the plasma were examined. It was demonstrated that the interaction between the plasma jet and a liquid target grounded via a high resistance resulted in typical dielectric barrier discharge behaviour, with two discharge events per applied voltage pulse. Under such conditions, the electron density and temperature reached a peak of [Formula: see text] and 3.4 eV, respectively; with both rapidly decaying over several hundreds of nanoseconds. For liquid targets grounded via a low resistance, the jet behaviour transitioned to a DC-like discharge, with a single breakdown event being observed and sustained throughout the duration of each applied voltage pulse. Under such conditions, electron densities of [Formula: see text] were detected for several microseconds. The results demonstrate that the electron dynamics in a pulsed argon plasma jet are extremely sensitive to the electrical characteristics of the target, which in the case of water, can evolve during exposure to the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Slikboer
- Centre for Plasma Microbiology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK
| | - James Walsh
- Centre for Plasma Microbiology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GJ, UK.
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9
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Park S, Choe W, Lee H, Park JY, Kim J, Moon SY, Cvelbar U. Stabilization of liquid instabilities with ionized gas jets. Nature 2021; 592:49-53. [PMID: 33790448 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Impinging gas jets can induce depressions in liquid surfaces, a phenomenon familiar to anyone who has observed the cavity produced by blowing air through a straw directly above a cup of juice. A dimple-like stable cavity on a liquid surface forms owing to the balance of forces among the gas jet impingement, gravity and surface tension1,2. With increasing gas jet speed, the cavity becomes unstable and shows oscillatory motion, bubbling (Rayleigh instability) and splashing (Kelvin-Helmholtz instability)3,4. However, despite its scientific and practical importance-particularly in regard to reducing cavity instability growth in certain gas-blown systems-little attention has been given to the hydrodynamic stability of a cavity in such gas-liquid systems so far. Here we demonstrate the stabilization of such instabilities by weakly ionized gas for the case of a gas jet impinging on water, based on shadowgraph experiments and computational two-phase fluid and plasma modelling. We focus on the interfacial dynamics relevant to electrohydrodynamic (EHD) gas flow, so-called electric wind, which is induced by the momentum transfer from accelerated charged particles to neutral gas under an electric field. A weakly ionized gas jet consisting of periodic pulsed ionization waves5, called plasma bullets, exerts more force via electrohydrodynamic flow on the water surface than a neutral gas jet alone, resulting in cavity expansion without destabilization. Furthermore, both the bidirectional electrohydrodynamic gas flow and electric field parallel to the gas-water interface produced by plasma interacting 'in the cavity' render the surface more stable. This case study demonstrates the dynamics of liquids subjected to a plasma-induced force, offering insights into physical processes and revealing an interdependence between weakly ionized gases and deformable dielectric matter, including plasma-liquid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoo Park
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Plasma Technology, Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Gunsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Choe
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyungyu Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Surface Material Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Youn Moon
- Department of Quantum System Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Uroš Cvelbar
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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10
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Nguyen DB, Saud S, Matyakubov N, Mok YS, Ryu S, Jeon H, Kim SB. Propagation of humidified air plasma in a sandwich-type honeycomb plasma reactor and its dependence on the ambient temperature and reactor diameter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/abc819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Martinez L, Dhruv A, Lin L, Balaras E, Keidar M. Model for deformation of cells from external electric fields at or near resonant frequencies. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6. [PMID: 35091510 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/abc05e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a numerical model to investigate the deformation of biological cells by applying external electric fields operating at or near cell resonant frequencies. Cells are represented as pseudo solids with high viscosity suspended in liquid media. The electric field source is an atmospheric plasma jet developed inhouse, for which the emitted energy distribution has been measured. Viscoelastic response is resolved in the entire cell structure by solving a deformation matrix assuming an isotropic material with a prescribed modulus of elasticity. To investigate cell deformation at resonant frequencies, one mode of natural cell oscillation is considered in which the cell membrane is made to radially move about its eigenfrequency. An electromagnetic wave source interacts with the cell and induces oscillation and viscoelastic response. The source carries energy in the form of a distribution function which couples a range of oscillating frequencies with electric field amplitudes. Results show that cell response may be increased by the external electric field operating at or near resonance. In the elastic regime, response increases until a steady threshold value, and the structure moves as a damped oscillator. Generally, this response is a function of both frequency and magnitude of the source, with a maximum effect found at resonance. To understand the full effect of the source energy spectrum, the system is solved by considering five frequency-amplitude couplings. Results show that the total solution is a nonlinear combination of the individual solutions. Additionally, sources with different signal phases are simulated to determine the effect of initial conditions on the evolution of the system, and the result suggests that there may be multiple solutions within the same order of magnitude for elastic response and velocity. Cell rupture from electric stress may occur during application given a high energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martinez
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, TheGeorge Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States of America
| | - Akash Dhruv
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, TheGeorge Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States of America
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, TheGeorge Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States of America
| | - Elias Balaras
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, TheGeorge Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States of America
| | - Michael Keidar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, TheGeorge Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States of America
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12
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Riedel F, Golda J, Held J, Davies HL, van der Woude MW, Bredin J, Niemi K, Gans T, Schulz-von der Gathen V, O'Connell D. Reproducibility of 'COST reference microplasma jets'. PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 29:095018. [PMID: 34149205 PMCID: PMC8208597 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/abad01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure plasmas have been ground-breaking for plasma science and technologies, due to their significant application potential in many fields, including medicinal, biological, and environmental applications. This is predominantly due to their efficient production and delivery of chemically reactive species under ambient conditions. One of the challenges in progressing the field is comparing plasma sources and results across the community and the literature. To address this a reference plasma source was established during the 'biomedical applications of atmospheric pressure plasmas' EU COST Action MP1101. It is crucial that reference sources are reproducible. Here, we present the reproducibility and variance across multiple sources through examining various characteristics, including: absolute atomic oxygen densities, absolute ozone densities, electrical characteristics, optical emission spectroscopy, temperature measurements, and bactericidal activity. The measurements demonstrate that the tested COST jets are mainly reproducible within the intrinsic uncertainty of each measurement technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Riedel
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - J Golda
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Experimental Physics II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Held
- Experimental Physics II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - H L Davies
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - M W van der Woude
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - J Bredin
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - K Niemi
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - T Gans
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | | | - D O'Connell
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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13
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Investigation of Power Transmission of a Helium Plasma Jet to Different Dielectric Targets Considering Operating Modes. PLASMA 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/plasma2030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet with different dielectric surfaces is investigated using a setup of two ring electrodes around a ceramic capillary. In this study, in addition to electrical measurement methods such as the determination of voltage and current, special emphasis was placed on the power measurements at the electrodes and the effluent. The power dissipation is correlated with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy measurements of O3 and NO2 densities. The results show the correlation between the dielectric constant and the dissipated power at the target. The ratio between power dissipation at the grounded ring electrode and the grounded surface shows an increase with increasing dielectric constant of the target. A correlation of the results with bacteria, tissue and water as envisaged dielectric targets shows four times the power dissipation at the treatment spot between bacteria and tissue.
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