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Bundulis A, Berzina A, Kim VV, Polyakov B, Novikovs A, Ganeev RA. Variation of Nonlinear Refraction and Three-Photon Absorption of Indium-Tin Oxide Quantum Dot Thin Films and Solutions in Near Infrared Range. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2320. [PMID: 37630903 PMCID: PMC10459362 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We characterize the nonlinear optical properties of indium-tin oxide (ITO) quantum dots (QDs) in the IR range using the Z-scan method. We present results of three-photon absorption (3PA), third harmonic generation (3HG), and Kerr-effect-induced nonlinear refraction in ITO QDs. Z-scan measurements were carried out for the QDs solution, while 3HG was demonstrated using QD thin films. The Kerr-induced nonlinear refractive index was analyzed along the 800-950 nm range showing an increase in this parameter from -6.7 × 10-18 to -1.5 × 10-17 m2 W-1. At longer wavelengths (1000-1100 nm), the higher-order effects started to contribute to a nonlinear refractive index. The 3PA coefficient at 950 nm was measured to be 1.42 × 10-25 m3/W2. We discuss the peculiarities in the wavelength-dependent variation of the coefficient of nonlinear absorption responsible for 3PA in the range of 800-1150 nm. Third harmonic generation was analyzed in the 1200-1550 nm spectral range. The absolute value of 3HG conversion efficiency in the 150 nm thick film at the wavelength of laser radiation (1350 nm) was estimated to be ~10-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturs Bundulis
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Kengaraga 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (A.B.); (A.B.); (B.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Anete Berzina
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Kengaraga 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (A.B.); (A.B.); (B.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Vyacheslav V. Kim
- Laboratory of Nonlinear Optics, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia;
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, TIIAME National Research University, Kori Niyoziy 39, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
| | - Boris Polyakov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Kengaraga 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (A.B.); (A.B.); (B.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Aleksandrs Novikovs
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Kengaraga 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia; (A.B.); (A.B.); (B.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Rashid A. Ganeev
- Laboratory of Nonlinear Optics, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia;
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, TIIAME National Research University, Kori Niyoziy 39, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Chirchik State Pedagogical University, 104 Amir Temur, Chirchik 111700, Uzbekistan
- Department of Physics, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394006, Russia
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Tabi CB, Tagwo H, Kofané TC. Modulational instability in nonlinear saturable media with competing nonlocal nonlinearity. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:054201. [PMID: 36559471 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.054201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The modulational instability (MI) phenomenon is addressed in a nonlocal medium under controllable saturation. The linear stability analysis of a plane-wave solution is used to derive an expression for the growth rate of MI that is exploited to parametrically discuss the possibility for the plane wave to disintegrate into nonlinear localized light patterns. The influence of the nonlocal parameter, the saturation coefficient, and the saturation index are mainly explored in the context of a Gaussian nonlocal response. It is pointed out that the instability spectrum, which tends to be quenched by the high nonlocality parameter, gets amplified under the right choices of the saturation parameters, especially the saturation index. Via direct numerical simulations, confirmations of analytical predictions are given, where competing nonlocal and saturable nonlinearities enable the emergence of trains of patterns as manifestations of MI. The comprehensive parametric analysis carried out throughout the numerical experiment reveals the robustness of the obtained rogue waves of A- and B-type Akhmediev breathers, as the nonlinear signature of MI, providing the saturation index as a suitable tool to manipulate nonlinear waves in nonlocal media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad Bertrand Tabi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag 16 Palapye, Botswana
| | - Hippolyte Tagwo
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Timoléon Crépin Kofané
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag 16 Palapye, Botswana.,Laboratory of Mechanics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Centre d'Excellence Africain en Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
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Jiang J, Jia Y, Wu T, Gao Y. Transformation from Self-Focusing to Self-Defocusing of Silver Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102485. [PMID: 34684926 PMCID: PMC8541450 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nonlinear refraction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in n-hexane was studied by using the closed-aperture Z-scan technique with a 532 nm nanosecond laser. It was found that, the nonlinear refraction of AgNPs shows the coexistence and transformation from self-focusing to self-defocusing. Specifically, self-focusing occurs at low excitation intensity, self-defocusing occurs at high excitation intensity, and coexistence of self-focusing and self-defocusing occurs at relatively moderate excitation intensity. The experimental results were analysed and discussed in terms of third-order and fifth-order nonlinear refractive effect. Specifically, the self-focusing is caused by the positive third-order nonlinear refraction, the self-defocusing is induced by the negative fifth-order nonlinear refraction, and the transformation from the self-focusing to self-defocusing at medium excitation intensity is caused by the competition of third-order and fifth-order nonlinear refraction. Finally, the third-order refractive index and fifth-order refractive index were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijuan Jiang
- College of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (J.J.); (Y.J.); (T.W.)
- College of Communication and Electronic Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Yang Jia
- College of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (J.J.); (Y.J.); (T.W.)
- College of Communication and Electronic Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (J.J.); (Y.J.); (T.W.)
| | - Yachen Gao
- College of Electronic Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (J.J.); (Y.J.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Triki H, Porsezian K, Senthilnathan K, Nithyanandan K. Chirped self-similar solitary waves for the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with distributed two-power-law nonlinearities. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:042208. [PMID: 31770930 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.042208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the propagation characteristics of the chirped self-similar solitary waves in non-Kerr nonlinear media within the framework of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with distributed dispersion, two-power-law nonlinearities, and gain or loss. This model contains many special types of nonlinear equations that appear in various branches of contemporary physics. We extend the self-similar analysis presented for searching chirped self-similar structures of the cubic model to a more general problem involving two nonlinear terms of arbitrary power. A variety of exact linearly chirped localized solutions with interesting properties are derived in the presence of all physical effects. The solutions comprise bright, kink and antikink, and algebraic solitary wave solutions, illustrating the potentially rich set of self-similar pulses of the model. It is shown that these optical pulses possess a linear chirp that leads to efficient compression or amplification, and thus are particularly useful in the design of optical fiber amplifiers, optical pulse compressors, and solitary wave based communication links. Finally, the stability of the self-similar solutions is discussed numerically under finite initial perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Triki
- Radiation Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, P. O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - K Porsezian
- Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - K Senthilnathan
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - K Nithyanandan
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Heres, 38402, France
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Triki H, Porsezian K, Choudhuri A. Solitons in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with two power-law nonlinear terms modulated in time and space. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:062208. [PMID: 28709188 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.062208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A nonlinear Schrödinger equation that includes two terms with power-law nonlinearity and external potential modulated both on time and on the spatial coordinates is considered. The model appears in various branches of contemporary physics, especially in the case of lower values of the nonlinearity power. A significant generalization of the similarity transformations approach to construct explicit localized solutions for the model with arbitrary power-law nonlinearities is introduced. We obtain the exact analytical bright and kink soliton solutions of the governing equation for different nonlinearities and potentials that are of particular interest in applications to Bose-Einstein condensates and nonlinear optics. Necessary conditions on the physical parameters for propagating envelope formation are presented. The obtained results can be straightforwardly applied to a large variety of nonlinear Schrödinger models and hence would be of value to understand nonlinear phenomena in a diversity of nonlinear media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houria Triki
- Radiation Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, P. O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - K Porsezian
- Department of Physics, School of Physical, Chemical and Applied Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Amitava Choudhuri
- Department of Physics, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag 713104, West Bengal, India
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Burlak G, Garcia-Paredes S, Malomed BA. PT-symmetric couplers with competing cubic-quintic nonlinearities. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2016; 26:113103. [PMID: 27908012 DOI: 10.1063/1.4966540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a one-dimensional model of the parity-time ( PT)-symmetric coupler, with mutually balanced linear gain and loss acting in the two cores, and nonlinearity represented by the combination of self-focusing cubic and defocusing quintic terms in each core. The system may be realized in optical waveguides, in the spatial and temporal domains alike. Stationary solutions for PT-symmetric solitons in the systems are tantamount to their counterparts in the ordinary coupler with the cubic-quintic nonlinearity, where the spontaneous symmetry breaking of solitons is accounted for by bifurcation loops. A novel problem is stability of the PT-symmetric solitons, which is affected by the competition of the PT symmetry, linear coupling, cubic self-focusing, and quintic defocusing. As a result, the solitons become unstable against symmetry breaking with the increase of the energy (alias integral power, in terms of the spatial-domain realization), and they retrieve the stability at still larger energies. Above a certain value of the strength of the quintic self-defocusing, the PT symmetry of the solitons becomes unbreakable. In the same system, PT-antisymmetric solitons are entirely unstable. We identify basic scenarios of the evolution of unstable solitons, which may lead to generation of additional ones, while stronger instability creates expanding quasi-turbulent patterns with limited amplitudes. Collisions between stable solitons are demonstrated to be quasi-elastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennadiy Burlak
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Salomon Garcia-Paredes
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Boris A Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electric Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Zegadlo KB, Wasak T, Malomed BA, Karpierz MA, Trippenbach M. Stabilization of solitons under competing nonlinearities by external potentials. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2014; 24:043136. [PMID: 25554056 DOI: 10.1063/1.4903359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report results of the analysis for families of one-dimensional (1D) trapped solitons, created by competing self-focusing (SF) quintic and self-defocusing (SDF) cubic nonlinear terms. Two trapping potentials are considered, the harmonic-oscillator (HO) and delta-functional ones. The models apply to optical solitons in colloidal waveguides and other photonic media, and to matter-wave solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates loaded into a quasi-1D trap. For the HO potential, the results are obtained in an approximate form, using the variational and Thomas-Fermi approximations, and in a full numerical form, including the ground state and the first antisymmetric excited one. For the delta-functional attractive potential, the results are produced in a fully analytical form, and verified by means of numerical methods. Both exponentially localized solitons and weakly localized trapped modes are found for the delta-functional potential. The most essential conclusions concern the applicability of competing Vakhitov-Kolokolov (VK) and anti-VK criteria to the identification of the stability of solitons created under the action of the competing SF and SDF terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof B Zegadlo
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, ul. Koszykowa 75, PL-00-662 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wasak
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Hoza 69, PL-00-681 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Boris A Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Miroslaw A Karpierz
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, ul. Koszykowa 75, PL-00-662 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marek Trippenbach
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Hoza 69, PL-00-681 Warszawa, Poland
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Zeng J, Malomed BA. Bright solitons in defocusing media with spatial modulation of the quintic nonlinearity. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:036607. [PMID: 23031045 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.036607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been recently demonstrated that self-defocusing (SDF) media with cubic nonlinearity, whose local coefficient grows from the center to the periphery fast enough, support stable bright solitons without the use of any linear potential. Our objective is to test the genericity of this mechanism for other nonlinearities, by applying it to one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) quintic SDF media. The models may be implemented in optics (in particular, in colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles), and the 1D model may be applied to the description of the Tonks-Girardeau gas of ultracold bosons. In 1D, the nonlinearity-modulation function is taken as g0+sinh2(βx). This model admits a subfamily of exact solutions for fundamental solitons. Generic soliton solutions are constructed in a numerical form and also by means of the Thomas-Fermi and variational approximations (TFA and VA). In particular, a new ansatz for the VA is proposed, in the form of "raised sech," which provides for an essentially better accuracy than the usual Gaussian ansatz. The stability of all the fundamental (nodeless) 1D solitons is established through the computation of the corresponding eigenvalues for small perturbations and also verified by direct simulations. Higher-order 1D solitons with two nodes have a limited stability region, all the modes with more than two nodes being unstable. It is concluded that the recently proposed inverted Vakhitov-Kolokolov stability criterion for fundamental bright solitons in systems with SDF nonlinearities holds here too. Particular exact solutions for 2D solitons are produced as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Matthews PC, Susanto H. Variational approximations to homoclinic snaking in continuous and discrete systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:066207. [PMID: 22304178 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.066207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Localized structures appear in a wide variety of systems, arising from a pinning mechanism due to the presence of a small-scale pattern or an imposed grid. When there is a separation of length scales, the width of the pinning region is exponentially small and beyond the reach of standard asymptotic methods. We show how this behavior can be obtained using a variational method, for two systems. In the case of the quadratic-cubic Swift-Hohenberg equation, this gives results that are in agreement with recent work using exponential asymptotics. In addition, the method is applied to a discrete system with cubic-quintic nonlinearity, giving results that agree well with numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Matthews
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Stegeman G, Papazoglou DG, Boyd R, Tzortzakis S. Nonlinear birefringence due to non-resonant, higher-order Kerr effect in isotropic media. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:6387-6399. [PMID: 21451666 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.006387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The recent interpretation of experiments on the nonlinear non-resonant birefringence induced in a weak probe beam by a high intensity pump beam in air and its constituents has stimulated interest in the non-resonant birefringence due to higher-order Kerr nonlinearities. Here a simple formalism is invoked to determine the non-resonant birefringence for higher-order Kerr coefficients. Some general relations between nonlinear coefficients with arbitrary frequency inputs are also derived for isotropic media. It is shown that the previous linear extrapolations for higher-order birefringence (based on literature values of n2 and n4) are not strictly valid, although the errors introduced in the values of the reported higher- order Kerr coefficients are a few percent.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Stegeman
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.
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Yanay H, Khaykovich L, Malomed BA. Stabilization and destabilization of second-order solitons against perturbations in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2009; 19:033145. [PMID: 19792025 DOI: 10.1063/1.3238246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We consider splitting and stabilization of second-order solitons (2-soliton breathers) in a model based on the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which includes a small quintic term, and weak resonant nonlinearity management (NLM), i.e., time-periodic modulation of the cubic coefficient, at the frequency close to that of shape oscillations of the 2-soliton. The model applies to the light propagation in media with cubic-quintic optical nonlinearities and periodic alternation of linear loss and gain and to Bose-Einstein condensates, with the self-focusing quintic term accounting for the weak deviation of the dynamics from one dimensionality, while the NLM can be induced by means of the Feshbach resonance. We propose an explanation to the effect of the resonant splitting of the 2-soliton under the action of the NLM. Then, using systematic simulations and an analytical approach, we conclude that the weak quintic nonlinearity with the self-focusing sign stabilizes the 2-soliton, while the self-defocusing quintic nonlinearity accelerates its splitting. It is also shown that the quintic term with the self-defocusing/focusing sign makes the resonant response of the 2-soliton to the NLM essentially broader in terms of the frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Yanay
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Yan XQ, Liu ZB, Zhang XL, Zhou WY, Tian JG. Polarization dependence of Z-scan measurement: theory and experiment. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:6397-6406. [PMID: 19365464 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.006397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here we report on an extension of common Z-scan method to arbitrary polarized incidence light for measurements of anisotropic third-order nonlinear susceptibility in isotropic medium. The normalized transmittance formulas of closed-aperture Z-scan are obtained for linearly, elliptically and circularly polarized incidence beam. The theoretical analysis is examined experimentally by studying third-order nonlinear susceptibility of CS2 liquid. Results show that the elliptically polarized light Z-scan method can be used to measure simultaneously the two third-order nonlinear susceptibility components chi(3)(xyyx) and chi(3)(xxyy). Furthermore, the elliptically polarized light Z-scan measurements of large nonlinear phase shift are also analyzed theoretically and experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
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Gu B, Ji W, Huang XQ, Patil PS, Dharmaprakash SM. Nonlinear optical properties of 2,4,5-Trimethoxy-4-nitrochalcone: observation of two-photon-induced excited-state nonlinearities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:1126-1135. [PMID: 19158930 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental investigations of optical nonlinearities and nonlinear dynamics in acetone solution of 2,4,5-Trimethoxy-4- nitrochalcone. By performing Z-scans with femtosecond laser pulses at low excitation intensity, two-photon absorption (2PA) and third-order nonlinear refraction are measured. As laser excitation intensity exceeds a critical value, however, the interplay between third- and fifth-order nonlinearities is observed. It is also confirmed that fifth-order processes mainly originate from 2PA-induced excited-state nonlinearities by conducting femtosecond time-resolved degenerate pump-probe measurements. All the nonlinear parameters are determined unambiguously in the near infrared region of the 2PA cross-section, second-order hyperpolarizability, excited-state absorption cross-section, excited-state refraction cross-section, lifetime of excited states induced by 2PA, and critical population of the excited states in 2,4,5-Trimethoxy-4-nitrochalcone molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Opto-Electronic Technology and Department of Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China.
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Mihalache D, Mazilu D, Lederer F, Leblond H, Malomed BA. Collisions between counter-rotating solitary vortices in the three-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau equation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:056601. [PMID: 19113227 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.056601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report results of collisions between coaxial vortex solitons with topological charges +/-S in the complex cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation. With the increase of the collision momentum, merger of the vortices into one or two dipole or quadrupole clusters of fundamental solitons (for S=1 and 2, respectively) is followed by the appearance of pairs of counter-rotating "unfinished vortices," in combination with a soliton cluster or without it. Finally, the collisions become elastic. The clusters generated by the collisions are very robust, while the "unfinished vortices," eventually split into soliton pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mihalache
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), 407 Atomistilor, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125, Romania
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Ganeev RA, Baba M, Morita M, Rau D, Fujii H, Ryasnyansky AI, Ishizawa N, Suzuki M, Kuroda H. Nonlinear optical properties of CdS and ZnS nanoparticles doped into zirconium oxide films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/6/4/024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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