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Parastarfeizabadi M, Kouzani AZ. Advances in closed-loop deep brain stimulation devices. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2017; 14:79. [PMID: 28800738 PMCID: PMC5553781 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-017-0295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of patients around the world are affected by neurological and psychiatric disorders. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a device-based therapy that could have fewer side-effects and higher efficiencies in drug-resistant patients compared to other therapeutic options such as pharmacological approaches. Thus far, several efforts have been made to incorporate a feedback loop into DBS devices to make them operate in a closed-loop manner. METHODS This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the existing research-based and commercial closed-loop DBS devices. It describes a brief history of closed-loop DBS techniques, biomarkers and algorithms used for closing the feedback loop, components of the current research-based and commercial closed-loop DBS devices, and advancements and challenges in this field of research. This review also includes a comparison of the closed-loop DBS devices and provides the future directions of this area of research. RESULTS Although we are in the early stages of the closed-loop DBS approach, there have been fruitful efforts in design and development of closed-loop DBS devices. To date, only one commercial closed-loop DBS device has been manufactured. However, this system does not have an intelligent and patient dependent control algorithm. A closed-loop DBS device requires a control algorithm to learn and optimize the stimulation parameters according to the brain clinical state. CONCLUSIONS The promising clinical effects of open-loop DBS have been demonstrated, indicating DBS as a pioneer technology and treatment option to serve neurological patients. However, like other commercial devices, DBS needs to be automated and modernized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Z. Kouzani
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216 Australia
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2
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Grob S, Tass PA, Hauptmann C. Capacitive Feedthroughs for Medical Implants. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:404. [PMID: 27660602 PMCID: PMC5014865 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Important technological advances in the last decades paved the road to a great success story for electrically stimulating medical implants, including cochlear implants or implants for deep brain stimulation. However, there are still many challenges in reducing side effects and improving functionality and comfort for the patient. Two of the main challenges are the wish for smaller implants on one hand, and the demand for more stimulation channels on the other hand. But these two aims lead to a conflict of interests. This paper presents a novel design for an electrical feedthrough, the so called capacitive feedthrough, which allows both reducing the size, and increasing the number of included channels. Capacitive feedthroughs combine the functionality of a coupling capacitor and an electrical feedthrough within one and the same structure. The paper also discusses the progress and the challenges of the first produced demonstrators. The concept bears a high potential in improving current feedthrough technology, and could be applied on all kinds of electrical medical implants, even if its implementation might be challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Grob
- Research Center Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 7 - Neuromodulation Juelich, Germany
| | - Peter A Tass
- Research Center Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 7 - NeuromodulationJuelich, Germany; Department of Neuromodulation, University of CologneCologne, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford UniversityStanford, CA, USA
| | - Christian Hauptmann
- Research Center Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 7 - Neuromodulation Juelich, Germany
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3
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Arlotti M, Rossi L, Rosa M, Marceglia S, Priori A. An external portable device for adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) clinical research in advanced Parkinson's Disease. Med Eng Phys 2016; 38:498-505. [PMID: 27029510 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Compared to conventional deep brain stimulation (DBS) for patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD), the newer approach of adaptive DBS (aDBS), regulating stimulation on the basis of the patient's clinical state, promises to achieve better clinical outcomes, avoid adverse-effects and save time for tuning parameters. A remaining challenge before aDBS comes into practical use is to prove its feasibility and its effectiveness in larger groups of patients and in more ecological conditions. We developed an external portable aDBS system prototype designed for clinical testing in freely-moving PD patients with externalized DBS electrodes. From a single-channel bipolar artifact-free recording, it analyses local field potentials (LFPs), during ongoing DBS for tuning stimulation parameters, independent from the specific feedback algorithm implemented. We validated the aDBS system in vitro, by testing both its sensing and closed-loop stimulation capabilities, and then tested it in vivo, focusing on the sensing capabilities. By applying the aDBS system prototype in a patient with PD, we provided evidence that it can track levodopa and DBS-induced LFP spectral power changes among different patient's clinical states. Our system, intended for testing LFP-based feedback strategies for aDBS, should help understanding how and whether aDBS therapy works in PD and indicating future technical and clinical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Arlotti
- Clinical Center for Neurostimulation, Neurotechnology, and Movement Disorders, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
| | | | - Manuela Rosa
- Clinical Center for Neurostimulation, Neurotechnology, and Movement Disorders, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Marceglia
- Clinical Center for Neurostimulation, Neurotechnology, and Movement Disorders, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Alberto Priori
- Clinical Center for Neurostimulation, Neurotechnology, and Movement Disorders, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Ospedale San Paolo, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Slater KD, Sinclair NC, Nelson TS, Blamey PJ, McDermott HJ. neuroBi: A Highly Configurable Neurostimulator for a Retinal Prosthesis and Other Applications. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE-JTEHM 2015; 3:3800111. [PMID: 27170910 PMCID: PMC4848081 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2015.2455507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy of a suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis, a highly configurable external neurostimulator is required. In order to meet functional and safety specifications, it was necessary to develop a custom device. A system is presented which can deliver charge-balanced, constant-current biphasic pulses, with widely adjustable parameters, to arbitrary configurations of output electrodes. This system is shown to be effective in eliciting visual percepts in a patient with approximately 20 years of light perception vision only due to retinitis pigmentosa, using an electrode array implanted in the suprachoroidal space of the eye. The flexibility of the system also makes it suitable for use in a number of other emerging clinical neurostimulation applications, including epileptic seizure suppression and closed-loop deep brain stimulation. Clinical trial registration number NCT01603576 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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5
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Popovych OV, Xenakis MN, Tass PA. The spacing principle for unlearning abnormal neuronal synchrony. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117205. [PMID: 25714553 PMCID: PMC4340932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Desynchronizing stimulation techniques were developed to specifically counteract abnormal neuronal synchronization relevant to several neurological and psychiatric disorders. The goal of our approach is to achieve an anti-kindling, where the affected neural networks unlearn abnormal synaptic connectivity and, hence, abnormal neuronal synchrony, by means of desynchronizing stimulation, in particular, Coordinated Reset (CR) stimulation. As known from neuroscience, psychology and education, learning effects can be enhanced by means of the spacing principle, i.e. by delivering repeated stimuli spaced by pauses as opposed to delivering a massed stimulus (in a single long stimulation session). To illustrate that the spacing principle may boost the anti-kindling effect of CR neuromodulation, in this computational study we carry this approach to extremes. To this end, we deliver spaced CR neuromodulation at particularly weak intensities which render permanently delivered CR neuromodulation ineffective. Intriguingly, spaced CR neuromodulation at these particularly weak intensities effectively induces an anti-kindling. In fact, the spacing principle enables the neuronal population to successively hop from one attractor to another one, finally approaching attractors characterized by down-regulated synaptic connectivity and synchrony. Our computational results might open up novel opportunities to effectively induce sustained desynchronization at particularly weak stimulation intensities, thereby avoiding side effects, e.g., in the case of deep brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr V. Popovych
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine—Neuromodulation, Jülich Research Center, Jülich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Markos N. Xenakis
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine—Neuromodulation, Jülich Research Center, Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter A. Tass
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine—Neuromodulation, Jülich Research Center, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Neuromodulation, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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6
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Andres DS, Gomez F, Ferrari FAS, Cerquetti D, Merello M, Viana R, Stoop R. Multiple-time-scale framework for understanding the progression of Parkinson's disease. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:062709. [PMID: 25615131 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.062709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is marked by neurodegenerative processes that affect the pattern of discharge of basal ganglia neurons. The main features observed in the parkinsonian globus pallidus pars interna (GPi), a subdomain of the basal ganglia that is involved in the regulation of voluntary movement, are pathologically increased and synchronized neuronal activity. How these changes affect the implemented neuronal code is not well understood. Our experimental temporal structure-function analysis shows that in parkinsonian animals the rate-coding window of GPi neurons needed for the proper performance of voluntary actions is reduced. The model of the GPi network that we develop and discuss here reveals indeed that the size of the rate-coding window shrinks as the network activity increases and is expanded if the coupling strength among the neurons is increased. This leads to the novel interpretation that the pathological neuronal synchronization in Parkinson's disease in the GPi is the result of a collective attempt to counterbalance the shrinking of the rate-coding window due to increased activity in GPi neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Andres
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland and Institute for Neurological Research Raul Carrea, Fleni Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina and Society in Science, The Branco-Weiss Fellowship, administered by ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Gomez
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F A S Ferrari
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland and Physics Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - D Cerquetti
- Institute for Neurological Research Raul Carrea, Fleni Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Merello
- Institute for Neurological Research Raul Carrea, Fleni Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Viana
- Physics Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - R Stoop
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Laxpati NG, Kasoff WS, Gross RE. Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy: circuits, targets, and trials. Neurotherapeutics 2014; 11:508-26. [PMID: 24957200 PMCID: PMC4121455 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-014-0279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proven remarkably safe and effective in the treatment of movement disorders. As a result, it is being increasingly applied to a range of neurologic and psychiatric disorders, including medically refractory epilepsy. This review will examine the use of DBS in epilepsy, including known targets, mechanisms of neuromodulation and seizure control, published clinical evidence, and novel technologies. Cortical and deep neuromodulation for epilepsy has a long experimental history, but only recently have better understanding of epileptogenic networks, precise stereotactic techniques, and rigorous trial design combined to improve the quality of available evidence and make DBS a viable treatment option. Nonetheless, underlying mechanisms, anatomical targets, and stimulation parameters remain areas of active investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nealen G. Laxpati
- />Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- />Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Willard S. Kasoff
- />Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Robert E. Gross
- />Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- />Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
- />Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA
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8
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Adamchic I, Hauptmann C, Barnikol UB, Pawelczyk N, Popovych O, Barnikol TT, Silchenko A, Volkmann J, Deuschl G, Meissner WG, Maarouf M, Sturm V, Freund HJ, Tass PA. Coordinated reset neuromodulation for Parkinson's disease: proof-of-concept study. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1679-84. [PMID: 24976001 PMCID: PMC4282372 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The discovery of abnormal synchronization of neuronal activity in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease (PD) has prompted the development of novel neuromodulation paradigms. Coordinated reset neuromodulation intends to specifically counteract excessive synchronization and to induce cumulative unlearning of pathological synaptic connectivity and neuronal synchrony. Methods In this prospective case series, six PD patients were evaluated before and after coordinated reset neuromodulation according to a standardized protocol that included both electrophysiological recordings and clinical assessments. Results Coordinated reset neuromodulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) applied to six PD patients in an externalized setting during three stimulation days induced a significant and cumulative reduction of beta band activity that correlated with a significant improvement of motor function. Conclusions These results highlight the potential effects of coordinated reset neuromodulation of the STN in PD patients and encourage further development of this approach as an alternative to conventional high-frequency deep brain stimulation in PD. © 2014 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Adamchic
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-Neuromodulation, Jülich Research Center, Jülich, Germany
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9
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Assanov GS, Zhanabaev ZZ, Govorov AO, Neiman AB. Modelling of photo-thermal control of biological cellular oscillators. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. SPECIAL TOPICS 2013; 222:2697-2704. [PMID: 25685293 PMCID: PMC4326011 DOI: 10.1140/epjst/e2013-02049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We study the transient dynamics of biological oscillators subjected to brief heat pulses. A prospective well-defined experimental system for thermal control of oscillators is the peripheral electroreceptors in paddlefish. Epithelial cells in these receptors show spontaneous voltage oscillations which are known to be temperature sensitive. We use a computational model to predict the effect of brief thermal pulses in this system. In our model thermal stimulation is realized through the light excitation of gold nanoparticles delivered in close proximity to epithelial cells and generating heat due to plasmon resonance. We use an ensemble of modified Morris-Lecar systems to model oscillatory epithelial cells. First, we validate that the model quantitatively reproduces the dynamics of epithelial oscillations in paddlefish electroreceptors, including responses to static and slow temperature changes. Second, we use the model to predict transient responses to short heat pulses generated by the light actuated gold nanoparticles. The model predicts that the epithelial oscillators can be partially synchronized by brief 5 - 15 ms light stimuli resulting in a large-amplitude oscillations of the mean field potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gani S. Assanov
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, al-Farabi Avenue, 71, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Alexander B. Neiman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
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10
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Basu I, Graupe D, Tuninetti D, Shukla P, Slavin KV, Metman LV, Corcos DM. Pathological tremor prediction using surface electromyogram and acceleration: potential use in 'ON-OFF' demand driven deep brain stimulator design. J Neural Eng 2013; 10:036019. [PMID: 23658233 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/10/3/036019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present a proof of concept for a novel method of predicting the onset of pathological tremor using non-invasively measured surface electromyogram (sEMG) and acceleration from tremor-affected extremities of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). APPROACH The tremor prediction algorithm uses a set of spectral (Fourier and wavelet) and nonlinear time series (entropy and recurrence rate) parameters extracted from the non-invasively recorded sEMG and acceleration signals. MAIN RESULTS The resulting algorithm is shown to successfully predict tremor onset for all 91 trials recorded in 4 PD patients and for all 91 trials recorded in 4 ET patients. The predictor achieves a 100% sensitivity for all trials considered, along with an overall accuracy of 85.7% for all ET trials and 80.2% for all PD trials. By using a Pearson's chi-square test, the prediction results are shown to significantly differ from a random prediction outcome. SIGNIFICANCE The tremor prediction algorithm can be potentially used for designing the next generation of non-invasive closed-loop predictive ON-OFF controllers for deep brain stimulation (DBS), used for suppressing pathological tremor in such patients. Such a system is based on alternating ON and OFF DBS periods, an incoming tremor being predicted during the time intervals when DBS is OFF, so as to turn DBS back ON. The prediction should be a few seconds before tremor re-appears so that the patient is tremor-free for the entire DBS ON-OFF cycle and the tremor-free DBS OFF interval should be maximized in order to minimize the current injected in the brain and battery usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Basu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), IL, USA.
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11
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Failure of delayed feedback deep brain stimulation for intermittent pathological synchronization in Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58264. [PMID: 23469272 PMCID: PMC3585780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of excessively synchronous beta-band oscillatory activity in the brain is believed to suppress hypokinetic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Recently, a lot of interest has been devoted to desynchronizing delayed feedback deep brain stimulation (DBS). This type of synchrony control was shown to destabilize the synchronized state in networks of simple model oscillators as well as in networks of coupled model neurons. However, the dynamics of the neural activity in Parkinson's disease exhibits complex intermittent synchronous patterns, far from the idealized synchronous dynamics used to study the delayed feedback stimulation. This study explores the action of delayed feedback stimulation on partially synchronized oscillatory dynamics, similar to what one observes experimentally in parkinsonian patients. We employ a computational model of the basal ganglia networks which reproduces experimentally observed fine temporal structure of the synchronous dynamics. When the parameters of our model are such that the synchrony is unphysiologically strong, the feedback exerts a desynchronizing action. However, when the network is tuned to reproduce the highly variable temporal patterns observed experimentally, the same kind of delayed feedback may actually increase the synchrony. As network parameters are changed from the range which produces complete synchrony to those favoring less synchronous dynamics, desynchronizing delayed feedback may gradually turn into synchronizing stimulation. This suggests that delayed feedback DBS in Parkinson's disease may boost rather than suppress synchronization and is unlikely to be clinically successful. The study also indicates that delayed feedback stimulation may not necessarily exhibit a desynchronization effect when acting on a physiologically realistic partially synchronous dynamics, and provides an example of how to estimate the stimulation effect.
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12
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van Wijk BCM, Beek PJ, Daffertshofer A. Neural synchrony within the motor system: what have we learned so far? Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:252. [PMID: 22969718 PMCID: PMC3432872 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronization of neural activity is considered essential for information processing in the nervous system. Both local and inter-regional synchronization are omnipresent in different frequency regimes and relate to a variety of behavioral and cognitive functions. Over the years, many studies have sought to elucidate the question how alpha/mu, beta, and gamma synchronization contribute to motor control. Here, we review these studies with the purpose to delineate what they have added to our understanding of the neural control of movement. We highlight important findings regarding oscillations in primary motor cortex, synchronization between cortex and spinal cord, synchronization between cortical regions, as well as abnormal synchronization patterns in a selection of motor dysfunctions. The interpretation of synchronization patterns benefits from combining results of invasive and non-invasive recordings, different data analysis tools, and modeling work. Importantly, although synchronization is deemed to play a vital role, it is not the only mechanism for neural communication. Spike timing and rate coding act together during motor control and should therefore both be accounted for when interpreting movement-related activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette C. M. van Wijk
- MOVE Research Institute, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Plankar M, Brežan S, Jerman I. The principle of coherence in multi-level brain information processing. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 111:8-29. [PMID: 22986048 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Synchronisation has become one of the major scientific tools to explain biological order at many levels of organisation. In systems neuroscience, synchronised subthreshold and suprathreshold oscillatory neuronal activity within and between distributed neuronal assemblies is acknowledged as a fundamental mode of neuronal information processing. Coherent neuronal oscillations correlate with all basic cognitive functions, mediate local and long-range neuronal communication and affect synaptic plasticity. However, it remains unclear how the very fast and complex changes of functional neuronal connectivity necessary for cognition, as mediated by dynamic patterns of neuronal synchrony, could be explained exclusively based on the well-established synaptic mechanisms. A growing body of research indicates that the intraneuronal matrix, composed of cytoskeletal elements and their binding proteins, structurally and functionally connects the synapses within a neuron, modulates neurotransmission and memory consolidation, and is hypothesised to be involved in signal integration via electric signalling due to its charged surface. Theoretical modelling, as well as emerging experimental evidence indicate that neuronal cytoskeleton supports highly cooperative energy transport and information processing based on molecular coherence. We suggest that long-range coherent dynamics within the intra- and extracellular filamentous matrices could establish dynamic ordered states, capable of rapid modulations of functional neuronal connectivity via their interactions with neuronal membranes and synapses. Coherence may thus represent a common denominator of neurophysiological and biophysical approaches to brain information processing, operating at multiple levels of neuronal organisation, from which cognition may emerge as its cardinal manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Plankar
- BION Institute, Stegne 21, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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14
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JAHANGIRI ANILA, DURAND DOMINIQUEM. PHASE RESETTING ANALYSIS OF HIGH POTASSIUM EPILEPTIFORM ACTIVITY IN CA3 REGION OF THE RAT HIPPOCAMPUS. Int J Neural Syst 2011; 21:127-38. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129065711002705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The theory of phase resetting can reveal important information about the dynamic behavior of a periodic system when a single brief stimulus is applied to that system at the appropriate time. Phase resetting studies have revealed the existence in some biological systems of a vulnerable stimulus window generating desynchronization and suppression of the activity. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that a "singular" stimulus could annihilate this activity. Perfusion with the high-K solution produced synchronous, quasi-periodic population bursts with inter-burst interval of ~0.8–1.5 seconds. A single 0.1 ms duration anodic pulse of programmable delay and magnitude was applied to the somatic layer of the CA3 pyramidal cells. Three types of phase-resetting behavior were observed: (1) Weak resetting with little or no effect on the timing of the subsequent burst, (2) Strong resetting where the applied current pulse delayed the next event by one time period, (3) Singular behavior where the applied pulse partially or completely suppressed the subsequent bursting. The singular stimulus parameter window, however, was very narrow making it difficult to generate the singular behavior reliably. Nevertheless, the results indicate that singularities exist for high potassium neural activity and that a well timed pulse applied with the right amplitude can suppress this activity. This study suggests that phase resetting of a population of neurons is possible for quasi-periodic interictal activity and similar techniques could be applied to the control of epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- ANILA JAHANGIRI
- Department of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - DOMINIQUE M. DURAND
- Neural Engineering Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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15
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Kumar A, Cardanobile S, Rotter S, Aertsen A. The role of inhibition in generating and controlling Parkinson's disease oscillations in the Basal Ganglia. Front Syst Neurosci 2011; 5:86. [PMID: 22028684 PMCID: PMC3199726 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement disorders in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are commonly associated with slow oscillations and increased synchrony of neuronal activity in the basal ganglia. The neural mechanisms underlying this dynamic network dysfunction, however, are only poorly understood. Here, we show that the strength of inhibitory inputs from striatum to globus pallidus external (GPe) is a key parameter controlling oscillations in the basal ganglia. Specifically, the increase in striatal activity observed in PD is sufficient to unleash the oscillations in the basal ganglia. This finding allows us to propose a unified explanation for different phenomena: absence of oscillation in the healthy state of the basal ganglia, oscillations in dopamine-depleted state and quenching of oscillations under deep-brain-stimulation (DBS). These novel insights help us to better understand and optimize the function of DBS protocols. Furthermore, studying the model behavior under transient increase of activity of the striatal neurons projecting to the indirect pathway, we are able to account for both motor impairment in PD patients and for reduced response inhibition in DBS implanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg Germany
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Hofmann L, Ebert M, Tass PA, Hauptmann C. Modified pulse shapes for effective neural stimulation. FRONTIERS IN NEUROENGINEERING 2011; 4:9. [PMID: 22007167 PMCID: PMC3181430 DOI: 10.3389/fneng.2011.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The electrical stimulation of neuronal structures is used as a treatment for many neurological disorders, e.g., for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease via deep brain stimulation (DBS). To reduce side effects, to avoid tissue or electrode damage, and to increase battery lifetimes, an effective but gentle electrical stimulation is of prime importance. We studied different modified pulse shapes for application in DBS with respect to their efficiency to initiate neuronal activity. Numerical simulations of two mathematical neuron models were performed to investigate the effectiveness of different modified pulse shapes. According to our results, the pulse shapes considered showed a considerably increased efficiency in terms of both activation and entrainment of neural activity. We found that the introduction of a gap with a specific and optimized duration in a biphasic pulse and the reversal of the standard pulse phase order yielded stimulation protocols that could increase the efficiency and therefore reduce the energy consumption of stimulation. The improvements were achieved by simple modifications of existing stimulation techniques. The modification of the pulse shapes resulted in an improvement of up to 50% for both the activation of resting neurons and the entrainment of bursting neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Hofmann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Neuromodulation (INM-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich, Germany
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Luo M, Xu J. Suppression of collective synchronization in a system of neural groups with washout-filter-aided feedback. Neural Netw 2011; 24:538-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Levnajić Z, Pikovsky A. Network reconstruction from random phase resetting. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:034101. [PMID: 21838361 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.034101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel method of reconstructing the topology and interaction functions for a general oscillator network. An ensemble of initial phases and the corresponding instantaneous frequencies is constructed by repeating random phase resets of the system dynamics. The desired details of network structure are then revealed by appropriately averaging over the ensemble. The method is applicable for a wide class of networks with arbitrary emergent dynamics, including full synchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Levnajić
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Nowak K, Mix E, Gimsa J, Strauss U, Sriperumbudur KK, Benecke R, Gimsa U. Optimizing a rodent model of Parkinson's disease for exploring the effects and mechanisms of deep brain stimulation. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2011; 2011:414682. [PMID: 21603182 PMCID: PMC3096058 DOI: 10.4061/2011/414682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a treatment for a growing number of neurological and psychiatric disorders, especially for therapy-refractory Parkinson's disease (PD). However, not all of the symptoms of PD are sufficiently improved in all patients, and side effects may occur. Further progress depends on a deeper insight into the mechanisms of action of DBS in the context of disturbed brain circuits. For this, optimized animal models have to be developed. We review not only charge transfer mechanisms at the electrode/tissue interface and strategies to increase the stimulation's energy-efficiency but also the electrochemical, electrophysiological, biochemical and functional effects of DBS. We introduce a hemi-Parkinsonian rat model for long-term experiments with chronically instrumented rats carrying a backpack stimulator and implanted platinum/iridium electrodes. This model is suitable for (1) elucidating the electrochemical processes at the electrode/tissue interface, (2) analyzing the molecular, cellular and behavioral stimulation effects, (3) testing new target regions for DBS, (4) screening for potential neuroprotective DBS effects, and (5) improving the efficacy and safety of the method. An outlook is given on further developments of experimental DBS, including the use of transgenic animals and the testing of closed-loop systems for the direct on-demand application of electric stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Nowak
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
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Tass PA, Qin L, Hauptmann C, Dovero S, Bezard E, Boraud T, Meissner WG. The translational value of the MPTP non-human primate model of Parkinsonism for deep brain stimulation research. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2011; 2011:663-666. [PMID: 22254396 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6090148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been applied in more than 70000 patients worldwide during the last two decades. The main target is the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for the treatment of motor complications in late stage Parkinson's disease (PD). Positive results in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated non-human primates have set the grounds for its successful translation to PD patients. Since then, this model has allowed gaining significant insights in the underlying mechanisms of action of DBS and is currently being used for the development of new stimulation techniques. Altogether, this underpins the high potential of this preclinical model for future translation of DBS research in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Tass
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-Neuromodulation, Research Centre Juelich, Germany.
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21
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Data-driven approach to the estimation of connectivity and time delays in the coupling of interacting neuronal subsystems. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 191:32-44. [PMID: 20542060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the challenges in neuroscience is the detection of directionality between signals reflecting neural activity. To reveal the directionality of coupling and time delays between interacting multi-scale signals, we use a combination of a data-driven technique called empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and partial directed coherence (PDC) together with the instantaneous causality test (ICT). EMD is used to separate multiple processes associated with different frequency bands, while PDC and ICT allow to explore directionality and characteristic time delays, respectively. We computationally validate our approach for the cases of both stochastic and chaotic oscillatory systems with different types of coupling. Moreover, we apply our approach to the analysis of the connectivity in different frequency bands between local field potentials (LFPs) bilaterally recorded from the left and right of subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We reveal a bidirectional coupling between the left and right STN in the beta-band (10-30 Hz) for an akinetic PD patient and in the tremor band (3-5 Hz) for a tremor-dominant PD patient. We detect a short time delay, most probably reflecting the inter-hemispheric transmission time. Additionally, in both patients we observe a long time delay of approximately a mean period of the beta-band activity in the akinetic PD patient or the tremor band activity in the tremor-dominant PD patient. These long delays may emerge in subcortico-thalamic loops or longer pathways, comprising reflex loops, respectively. We show that the replacement of EMD by conventional bandpass filtering complicates the detection of directionality and leads to a spurious detection of time delays.
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Stereotactic implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes: a review of technical systems, methods and emerging tools. Med Biol Eng Comput 2010; 48:611-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Canavier CC, Achuthan S. Pulse coupled oscillators and the phase resetting curve. Math Biosci 2010; 226:77-96. [PMID: 20460132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Limit cycle oscillators that are coupled in a pulsatile manner are referred to as pulse coupled oscillators. In these oscillators, the interactions take the form of brief pulses such that the effect of one input dies out before the next is received. A phase resetting curve (PRC) keeps track of how much an input advances or delays the next spike in an oscillatory neuron depending upon where in the cycle the input is applied. PRCs can be used to predict phase locking in networks of pulse coupled oscillators. In some studies of pulse coupled oscillators, a specific form is assumed for the interactions between oscillators, but a more general approach is to formulate the problem assuming a PRC that is generated using a perturbation that approximates the input received in the real biological network. In general, this approach requires that circuit architecture and a specific firing pattern be assumed. This allows the construction of discrete maps from one event to the next. The fixed points of these maps correspond to periodic firing modes and are easier to locate and analyze for stability compared to locating and analyzing periodic modes in the original network directly. Alternatively, maps based on the PRC have been constructed that do not presuppose a firing order. Specific circuits that have been analyzed under the assumption of pulsatile coupling include one to one lockings in a periodically forced oscillator or an oscillator forced at a fixed delay after a threshold event, two bidirectionally coupled oscillators with and without delays, a unidirectional N-ring of oscillators, and N all-to-all networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Canavier
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Frank TD, van der Kamp J, Savelsbergh GJP. On a multistable dynamic model of behavioral and perceptual infant development. Dev Psychobiol 2010; 52:352-71. [PMID: 20196111 DOI: 10.1002/dev.20431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this theoretical work, we treat behavioral and perceptual issues on an equal footing and examine the emergence of mutually exclusive behavioral patterns and perceptual variables during infant development from the perspective of multistable competitive dynamic systems. Accordingly, behavioral modes and modes of perception compete with each other for activation. One and only one mode survives the mode-mode competition, which accounts for the incompatibility of modes being considered. However, the winning behavioral or perceptual state is not predefined. Rather, we argue that during particular stages of maturation multiple modes coexist for the same set of developmental, body-scaled, and environmental parameters or constraints. The winning behavioral or perceptual state depends on these parameters as well as on initial conditions as operationalized in terms of previously performed behaviors or utilized perceptual stimuli. We give explicit examples of our approach and address the emergence of two-handed grasping and catching movements and the emergence of monocular and binocular vision during infant development. In particular, we propose that the emergence of midline crossing movements in 3- to 6-month-old infants involves two independent but interaction control parameters: a body-scaled and a developmental one. Likewise, we argue that the onset of binocularity in infants involves two independent but interaction control parameters: a developmental and an environmental one.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Frank
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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