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Usachov DY, Tarasov AV, Glazkova D, Mende M, Schulz S, Poelchen G, Fedorov AV, Vilkov OY, Bokai KA, Stolyarov VS, Kliemt K, Krellner C, Vyalikh DV. Insight into the Temperature-Dependent Canting of 4f Magnetic Moments from 4f Photoemission. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:5537-5545. [PMID: 37294735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The orientation of the 4f moments offers an additional degree of freedom for engineering the spin-related properties in spintronic nanostructures of lanthanides. Yet, precise monitoring of the direction of magnetic moments remains a challenge. Here, on the example of the antiferromagnets HoRh2Si2 and DyRh2Si2, we investigate the temperature-dependent canting of the 4f moments near the surface. We demonstrate that this canting can be understood in the framework of crystal electric field theory and the exchange magnetic interaction. Using photoelectron spectroscopy, we disclose subtle but certain temperature-dependent changes in the line shape of the 4f multiplet. These changes are directly linked to the canting of the 4f moments, which is different for the individual lanthanide layers near the surface. Our results illustrate the opportunity to monitor the orientation of the 4f-moments with high precision, which is essential for development of novel lanthanide-based nanostructures, interfaces, supramolecular complexes, and single-molecule magnets for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yu Usachov
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institute Lane 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - A V Tarasov
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institute Lane 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
| | - D Glazkova
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - M Mende
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01062, Germany
| | - S Schulz
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01062, Germany
| | - G Poelchen
- Institut für Festkörper- und Materialphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01062, Germany
| | - A V Fedorov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - O Yu Vilkov
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - K A Bokai
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - V S Stolyarov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institute Lane 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow, 119049, Russia
- Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Moscow, 127055, Russia
| | - K Kliemt
- Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Krellner
- Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D V Vyalikh
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
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Generalov A, Otrokov MM, Chikina A, Kliemt K, Kummer K, Höppner M, Güttler M, Seiro S, Fedorov A, Schulz S, Danzenbächer S, Chulkov EV, Geibel C, Laubschat C, Dudin P, Hoesch M, Kim T, Radovic M, Shi M, Plumb NC, Krellner C, Vyalikh DV. Spin Orientation of Two-Dimensional Electrons Driven by Temperature-Tunable Competition of Spin-Orbit and Exchange-Magnetic Interactions. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:811-820. [PMID: 28032768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Finding ways to create and control the spin-dependent properties of two-dimensional electron states (2DESs) is a major challenge for the elaboration of novel spin-based devices. Spin-orbit and exchange-magnetic interactions (SOI and EMI) are two fundamental mechanisms that enable access to the tunability of spin-dependent properties of carriers. The silicon surface of HoRh2Si2 appears to be a unique model system, where concurrent SOI and EMI can be visualized and controlled by varying the temperature. The beauty and simplicity of this system lie in the 4f moments, which act as a multiple tuning instrument on the 2DESs, as the 4f projections parallel and perpendicular to the surface order at essentially different temperatures. Here we show that the SOI locks the spins of the 2DESs exclusively in the surface plane when the 4f moments are disordered: the Rashba-Bychkov effect. When the temperature is gradually lowered and the system experiences magnetic order, the rising EMI progressively competes with the SOI leading to a fundamental change in the spin-dependent properties of the 2DESs. The spins rotate and reorient toward the out-of-plane Ho 4f moments. Our findings show that the direction of the spins and the spin-splitting of the two-dimensional electrons at the surface can be manipulated in a controlled way by using only one parameter: the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikhail M Otrokov
- Departamento de Fisica de Materiales and CFM-MPC UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20080 San Sebastian, Spain
- Tomsk State University, Lenina Av., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alla Chikina
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Dresden University of Technology , Zellescher Weg 16, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Kliemt
- Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kurt Kummer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Marc Höppner
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenberg Straße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monika Güttler
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Dresden University of Technology , Zellescher Weg 16, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvia Seiro
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Schulz
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Dresden University of Technology , Zellescher Weg 16, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Danzenbächer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Dresden University of Technology , Zellescher Weg 16, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Evgueni V Chulkov
- Departamento de Fisica de Materiales and CFM-MPC UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20080 San Sebastian, Spain
- Tomsk State University, Lenina Av., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University , 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Christoph Geibel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Laubschat
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Dresden University of Technology , Zellescher Weg 16, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Timur Kim
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | | | | | | | - Cornelius Krellner
- Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Denis V Vyalikh
- Departamento de Fisica de Materiales and CFM-MPC UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20080 San Sebastian, Spain
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Dresden University of Technology , Zellescher Weg 16, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
- Saint Petersburg State University , 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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