Influence of ultrasonic irradiation on ozone generation in a dielectric barrier discharge

Applications of Plasma Technologies in Recycling Processes

Plasmas are reactive ionised gases, which enable the creation of unique reaction fields. This allows plasmas to be widely used for a variety of chemical processes for materials, recycling among others. Because of the increase in urgency to find more sustainable methods of waste management, plasmas have been enthusiastically applied to recycling processes. This review presents recent developments of plasma technologies for recycling linked to economical models of circular economy and waste management hierarchies, exemplifying the thermal decomposition of organic components or substances, the recovery of inorganic materials like metals, the treatment of paper, wind turbine waste, and electronic waste. It is discovered that thermal plasmas are most applicable to thermal processes, whereas nonthermal plasmas are often applied in different contexts which utilise their chemical selectivity. Most applications of plasmas in recycling are successful, but there is room for advancements in applications. Additionally, further perspectives are discussed.

Hybrid Plasmas for Materials Processing

Hybrid plasmas have been reported in various areas of research over the last 40 years. However, a general overview of hybrid plasmas has never been presented or reported. In the present work, a survey of the literature and patents is carried out to provide the reader with a broad view of hybrid plasmas. The term refers to several different configurations of plasmas, including but not limited to: plasmas driven by several power sources simultaneously or sequentially, plasmas that have the properties of both thermal and nonthermal plasmas, plasmas that are enhanced by additional energy, and plasmas that are operated in a unique medium. In addition, a way of evaluating hybrid plasmas in terms of the improvement of processes is discussed, as well as the negative impacts that follow the employment of hybrid plasmas. Regardless of what the hybrid plasma in question is composed of, it often poses a unique advantage to its nonhybrid counterpart, whether it be used for welding, surface treatment, materials synthesis, coating deposition, gas phase reactions, or medicine.