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Ali A, Kim SY, Hussain M, Jaffery SHA, Dastgeer G, Hussain S, Anh BTP, Eom J, Lee BH, Jung J. Deep-Ultraviolet (DUV)-Induced Doping in Single Channel Graphene for Pn-Junction. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113003. [PMID: 34835767 PMCID: PMC8623685 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The electronic properties of single-layer, CVD-grown graphene were modulated by deep ultraviolet (DUV) light irradiation in different radiation environments. The graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs), exposed to DUV in air and pure O2, exhibited p-type doping behavior, whereas those exposed in vacuum and pure N2 gas showed n-type doping. The degree of doping increased with DUV exposure time. However, n-type doping by DUV in vacuum reached saturation after 60 min of DUV irradiation. The p-type doping by DUV in air was observed to be quite stable over a long period in a laboratory environment and at higher temperatures, with little change in charge carrier mobility. The p-doping in pure O2 showed ~15% de-doping over 4 months. The n-type doping in pure N2 exhibited a high doping effect but was highly unstable over time in a laboratory environment, with very marked de-doping towards a pristine condition. A lateral pn-junction of graphene was successfully implemented by controlling the radiation environment of the DUV. First, graphene was doped to n-type by DUV in vacuum. Then the n-type graphene was converted to p-type by exposure again to DUV in air. The n-type region of the pn-junction was protected from DUV by a thick double-coated PMMA layer. The photocurrent response as a function of Vg was investigated to study possible applications in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ali
- HMC (Hybrid Materials Center), Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (A.A.); (M.H.); (S.H.A.J.); (S.H.); (B.T.P.A.)
| | - So-Young Kim
- Center for Semiconductor Technology Convergence, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-ro 77, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (B.H.L.)
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- HMC (Hybrid Materials Center), Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (A.A.); (M.H.); (S.H.A.J.); (S.H.); (B.T.P.A.)
| | - Syed Hassan Abbas Jaffery
- HMC (Hybrid Materials Center), Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (A.A.); (M.H.); (S.H.A.J.); (S.H.); (B.T.P.A.)
| | - Ghulam Dastgeer
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Graphene Research Institute-Texas Photonics Center International Research Center (GRI–TPC IRC), Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (G.D.); (J.E.)
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- HMC (Hybrid Materials Center), Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (A.A.); (M.H.); (S.H.A.J.); (S.H.); (B.T.P.A.)
| | - Bach Thi Phuong Anh
- HMC (Hybrid Materials Center), Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (A.A.); (M.H.); (S.H.A.J.); (S.H.); (B.T.P.A.)
| | - Jonghwa Eom
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Graphene Research Institute-Texas Photonics Center International Research Center (GRI–TPC IRC), Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (G.D.); (J.E.)
| | - Byoung Hun Lee
- Center for Semiconductor Technology Convergence, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-ro 77, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (B.H.L.)
| | - Jongwan Jung
- HMC (Hybrid Materials Center), Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (A.A.); (M.H.); (S.H.A.J.); (S.H.); (B.T.P.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Bahremandi Tolou N, Salimijazi H, Kharaziha M, Faggio G, Chierchia R, Lisi N. A three-dimensional nerve guide conduit based on graphene foam/polycaprolactone. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112110. [PMID: 34082932 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel nerve guide conduit was developed, based on a three-dimensional (3D) graphene conductive core grown, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) coupled with a polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer coating. Firstly, the monolithic 3D-graphene foam (3D-GF) was synthesized on Ni foam templates via inductive heating CVD, subsequently, Ni/Graphene samples were dipped successively in PCL and cyclododecane (CDD) solutions prior to the removal of Ni from the 3D-GF/PCL scaffold in FeCl3. Our results showed that the electrical conductivity of the polymer composites reached to 25 S.m-1 after incorporation of 3D-GF. Moreover, the mechanical properties of 3D-GF/PCL composite scaffold were enhanced with respect to the same geometry of PCL scaffolds. The wettability, surface porosity, and morphology did not show any significant changes, while the PC12 cell proliferation and extension were increased for the developed 3D-GF/PCL nanocomposite. It can be concluded that 3D-GF/PCL nanocomposites could be good candidates to utilize as a versatile system for the engineering of peripheral nerve tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Bahremandi Tolou
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran; ENEA Casaccia, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy.
| | - Hamidreza Salimijazi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Giuliana Faggio
- Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Rosa Chierchia
- ENEA Casaccia, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicola Lisi
- ENEA Casaccia, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy.
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