1
|
Gargano M, Viganò D, Cavaleri T, Cavaliere F, Ludwig N, Pozzi F. A Tailor-Made, Mirror-Based Infrared Scanner for the Reflectography of Paintings: Development, Features, and Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:s23094322. [PMID: 37177526 PMCID: PMC10181599 DOI: 10.3390/s23094322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Since infrared reflectography was first applied in the 1960s to visualize the underdrawings of ancient paintings, several devices and scanning techniques were successfully proposed both as prototypes and commercial instruments. In fact, because of the sensors' small dimension, typically ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 megapixels, scanning is always required. Point, line, and image scanners are all viable options to obtain an infrared image of the painting with adequate spatial resolution. This paper presents a newly developed, tailormade scanning system based on an InGaAs camera equipped with a catadioptric long-focus lens in a fixed position, enabling all movements to occur by means of a rotating mirror and precision step motors. Given the specific design of this system, as the mirror rotates, refocus of the lens is necessary and it is made possible by an autofocus system involving a laser distance meter and a motorized lens. The system proved to be lightweight, low cost, easily portable, and suitable for the examination of large-scale painting surfaces by providing high-resolution reflectograms. Furthermore, high-resolution images at different wavelengths can be obtained using band-pass filters. The in-situ analysis of a 16th-century panel painting is also discussed as a representative case study to demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the system described herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gargano
- Dipartimento di Fisica Aldo Pontremoli, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Viganò
- Dipartimento di Fisica Aldo Pontremoli, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cavaleri
- Centro per la Conservazione ed il Restauro dei Beni Culturali "La Venaria Reale", Via XX Settembre 18, 10078 Venaria Reale, Italy
- Dipartimento di Economia, Ingegneria, Società e Impresa (DEIM), Università della Tuscia, Via del Paradiso 47, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Fisica Aldo Pontremoli, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Ludwig
- Dipartimento di Fisica Aldo Pontremoli, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Pozzi
- Centro per la Conservazione ed il Restauro dei Beni Culturali "La Venaria Reale", Via XX Settembre 18, 10078 Venaria Reale, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Albertin F, Morigi MP, Bettuzzi M, Brancaccio R, Macchioni N, Saccuman R, Quarta G, Calcagnile L, Picchi D. X-ray Tomography Unveils the Construction Technique of Un-Montu’s Egyptian Coffin (Early 26th Dynasty). J Imaging 2022; 8:39. [PMID: 35200741 PMCID: PMC8879447 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bologna Archaeological Museum, in cooperation with prestigious Italian universities, institutions, and independent scholars, recently began a vast investigation programme on a group of Egyptian coffins of Theban provenance dating to the first millennium BC, primarily the 25th–26th Dynasty (c. 746–525 BC). Herein, we present the results of the multidisciplinary investigation carried out on one of these coffins before its restoration intervention: the anthropoid wooden coffin of Un-Montu (Inv. MCABo EG1960). The integration of radiocarbon dating, wood species identification, and CT imaging enabled a deep understanding of the coffin’s wooden structure. In particular, we discuss the results of the tomographic investigation performed in situ. The use of a transportable X-ray facility largely reduced the risks associated with the transfer of the large object (1.80 cm tall) out of the museum without compromising image quality. Thanks to the 3D tomographic imaging, the coffin revealed the secrets of its construction technique, from the rational use of wood to the employment of canvas (incamottatura), from the use of dowels to the assembly procedure.
Collapse
|
3
|
Marra A, Gerbino S, Greco A, Fabbrocino G. Combining Integrated Informative System and Historical Digital Twin for Maintenance and Preservation of Artistic Assets. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21175956. [PMID: 34502848 PMCID: PMC8434664 DOI: 10.3390/s21175956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The protection of artistic and cultural heritage is a major challenge due to its peculiarities and its exposure to significant natural hazards. Several methodologies exist to assess the condition of artistic heritage and to protect it from exceptional actions. Moreover, novel digital technologies offer many solutions able to deliver a digital replica of artifacts of interest, so that a reduction in the uncertainties in the analysis models can be achieved. A rational approach to the preservation and protection of artistic heritage is based on traditional approaches supported and integrated by novel technologies, so that qualitative and quantitative indicators of the current condition of artistic heritage can be defined and validated in an interdisciplinary framework. The present paper reports the results of an approach to the maintenance and preservation of art objects housed in a museum complex based on a comprehensive digital path towards a Historical Digital Twin (HDT). A workflow aimed at estimating the stress regime and the dynamic properties of two sculptures, based on the detailed three-dimensional model resulting from a laser scanner survey, is illustrated and discussed. The results highlight the great advantages resulting from the integration of traditional and novel procedures in the field of conservation of artistic assets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Marra
- Institute for Construction Technologies, Italian National Research Council, ITC-CNR, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Gerbino
- Department of Engineering—University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (S.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandro Greco
- Department of Engineering—University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (S.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Giovanni Fabbrocino
- Institute for Construction Technologies, Italian National Research Council, ITC-CNR, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Albertin F, Ruberto C, Cucci C, Callieri M, Potenziani M, Siotto E, Pingi P, Scopigno R, Bettuzzi M, Brancaccio R, Morigi MP, Castelli L, Taccetti F, Picollo M, Stefani L, de Vita F. "Ecce Homo" by Antonello da Messina, from non-invasive investigations to data fusion and dissemination. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15868. [PMID: 34354126 PMCID: PMC8342594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific investigations of artworks are crucial in terms of preservation since they provide a measurable evaluation of the materials and the state of conservation. This is the case of Antonello da Messina's painting "Ecce Homo": its delicate state of conservation, with the need for constant monitoring, required a broad and in-depth diagnostic campaign to support the restorers. The project was carried out entirely in situ using non-invasive cutting-edge techniques and proposes a multimodal and data-centric approach, integrating 3D and 2D methodologies. The surface irregularities and the support were analysed with a structured-light 3D scanner and X-ray tomography. The painting materials were investigated with X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF) and reflectance hyperspectral imaging (HSI). Primarily, the data were jointly used for a scientific scope and provided new knowledge of the painting in terms of materials and painting techniques. In addition, two web-based interactive platforms were developed: one to provide restorers and experts with a new perspective of the hidden geometries of the painting, and the other targeted at the general public for dissemination purposes. The results of the Ecce Homo scientific analysis were exhibited, using a touch-screen interface, and developed for different user levels, from adults to kids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Albertin
- Enrico Fermi Historical Museum of Physics and Study and Research Center, 00184, Rome, Italy.,INFN - National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruberto
- INFN - National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Costanza Cucci
- CNR - IFAC - National Research Council, Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Marco Callieri
- CNR - ISTI - National Research Council, Institute of Information Science and Technologies "Alessandro Faedo", 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Potenziani
- CNR - ISTI - National Research Council, Institute of Information Science and Technologies "Alessandro Faedo", 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Eliana Siotto
- CNR - ISTI - National Research Council, Institute of Information Science and Technologies "Alessandro Faedo", 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Pingi
- CNR - ISTI - National Research Council, Institute of Information Science and Technologies "Alessandro Faedo", 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Scopigno
- CNR - ISTI - National Research Council, Institute of Information Science and Technologies "Alessandro Faedo", 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bettuzzi
- INFN - National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosa Brancaccio
- INFN - National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Morigi
- INFN - National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lisa Castelli
- INFN - National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Taccetti
- INFN - National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Marcello Picollo
- CNR - IFAC - National Research Council, Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stefani
- CNR - IFAC - National Research Council, Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tobiasz, Markiewicz, Łapiński, Nikel, Kot, Muradov. Review of Methods for Documentation, Management, and Sustainability of Cultural Heritage. Case Study: Museum of King Jan III’s Palace at Wilanów. Sustainability 2019; 11:7046. [DOI: 10.3390/su11247046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
All countries around the world are blessed with particularly rich cultural heritage. Nowadays, many researchers are exploring different methods for documentation, management, and sustainability of cultural heritage. The aim of this article is to review the state-of-the-art documentation, management, and sustainability techniques in the field of cultural heritage based on the case study in the Museum of King Jan III’s Palace at Wilanów. Various 2D/3D image and range-based methods are discussed demonstrating their applications and drawbacks. The geographical information system (GIS) is presented as a method for management, storage, and maintenance of cultural heritage documentation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Albertin F, Bettuzzi M, Brancaccio R, Morigi MP, Casali F. X-Ray Computed Tomography In Situ: An Opportunity for Museums and Restoration Laboratories. Heritage 2019; 2:2028-38. [DOI: 10.3390/heritage2030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) is a sophisticated non-destructive imaging technique to investigate structures and materials of complex objects, and its application can answer many conservation and restoration questions. However, for Cultural Heritage investigations, medical CT scanners are not optimized for many case-studies: These instruments are designed for the human body, are not flexible and are difficult to use in situ. To overcome these limitations and to safely investigate works of art on site—in a restoration laboratory or in a museum—the X-ray Tomography Laboratory of the University of Bologna designed several CT systems. Here we present two of these facilities and the results of important measurement campaigns performed in situ. The first instrument, light and flexible, is designed to investigate medium-size objects with a resolution of a few tens of microns and was used for the CT analysis of several Japanese theater masks belonging to the collection of the “L. Pigorini” Museum (Rome). The second is designed to analyze larger objects, up to 200 cm and was used to investigate the collection of the so-called “Statue Vestite” (devotional dressed statues) of the Diocesan Museum of Massa.
Collapse
|