1
|
Kaya E, Bianchi M, Maisetta G, Esin S, Batoni G. Strong Activity and No Resistance Induction Exerted by Cell-Free Supernatants from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus against Mono-Species and Dual-Species Biofilms of Wound Pathogens in In Vivo-like Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2087. [PMID: 38396764 PMCID: PMC10888627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
It is widely agreed that microbial biofilms play a major role in promoting infection and delaying healing of chronic wounds. In the era of microbial resistance, probiotic strains or their metabolic products are emerging as an innovative approach for the treatment of hard-to-heal (chronic) wounds due to their antimicrobial, healing, and host immune-modulatory effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of cell-free supernatants (CFS) from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG against mono- and dual-species biofilms of wound pathogens in a 3D in vitro infection model. Mature biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were obtained on collagen scaffolds in the presence of a simulant wound fluid (SWF) and treated with CFS at different doses and time intervals. At 1:4 dilution in SWF, CFS caused a marked reduction in the colony forming-unit (CFU) numbers of bacteria embedded in mono-species biofilms as well as bacteria released by the biofilms in the supernatant. CFU count and electron microscopy imaging also demonstrated a marked antibiofilm effect against dual-species biofilms starting from 8 h of incubation. Furthermore, CFS exhibited acceptable levels of cytotoxicity at 24 h of incubation against HaCaT cells and, differently from ciprofloxacin, failed to induce resistance after 15 passages at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Overall, the results obtained point to L. rhamnosus GG postbiotics as a promising strategy for the treatment of wound biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy; (E.K.); (M.B.); (G.M.); (S.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
V. R. N, Mohapatra AK, Kartha VB, Chidangil S. Multiwavelength Photoacoustic Breath Analysis Sensor for the Diagnosis of Lung Diseases: COPD and Asthma. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4111-4120. [PMID: 37871260 PMCID: PMC10683506 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Breath analysis is emerging as a universal diagnostic method for clinical applications. The possibility of breath analysis is being explored vigorously using different analytical techniques. We have designed and assembled a multiwavelength UV photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) sensor for the said application. To optimize laser wavelength for sample excitation, photoacoustic signals from disease and normal conditions are recorded with different laser excitations (213, 266, 355, and 532 nm) on exhaled breath samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the PA signals has shown that 213, 266, and 355 nm laser excitations are suitable for breath analysis, with reliable descriptive statistics obtained for 266 nm laser. The study has, therefore, been extended for breath samples collected from asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and normal subjects, using 266 nm laser excitation. PCA of the PA data shows good classification among asthma, COPD, and normal subjects. Match/No-match study performed with asthma, COPD, and normal calibration set has demonstrated the potential of using this method for diagnostic application. Sensitivity and specificity are observed as 88 and 89%, respectively. The area under the curve of the ROC curve is found to be 0.948, which justifies the diagnostic capability of the device for lung diseases. The same samples were studied using a commercial E-Nose, and the measurement outcome strongly supports the PAS results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidheesh V. R.
- Centre
of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular
Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Aswini Kumar Mohapatra
- Department
of Respiratory Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasudevan Baskaran Kartha
- Centre
of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular
Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre
of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular
Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Breath-by-breath measurement of exhaled ammonia by acetone-modifier positive photoionization ion mobility spectrometry via online dilution and purging sampling. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:412-420. [PMID: 37181293 PMCID: PMC10173289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exhaled ammonia (NH3) is an essential noninvasive biomarker for disease diagnosis. In this study, an acetone-modifier positive photoionization ion mobility spectrometry (AM-PIMS) method was developed for accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of exhaled NH3 with high selectivity and sensitivity. Acetone was introduced into the drift tube along with the drift gas as a modifier, and the characteristic NH3 product ion peak of (C3H6O)4NH4+ (K0 = 1.45 cm2/V·s) was obtained through the ion-molecule reaction with acetone reactant ions (C3H6O)2H+ (K0 = 1.87 cm2/V·s), which significantly increased the peak-to-peak resolution and improved the accuracy of exhaled NH3 qualitative identification. Moreover, the interference of high humidity and the memory effect of NH3 molecules were significantly reduced via online dilution and purging sampling, thus realizing breath-by-breath measurement. As a result, a wide quantitative range of 5.87-140.92 μmol/L with a response time of 40 ms was achieved, and the exhaled NH3 profile could be synchronized with the concentration curve of exhaled CO2. Finally, the analytical capacity of AM-PIMS was demonstrated by measuring the exhaled NH3 of healthy subjects, demonstrating its great potential for clinical disease diagnosis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Căpățînă D, Feier B, Hosu O, Tertiș M, Cristea C. Analytical methods for the characterization and diagnosis of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1204:339696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
5
|
Slade EA, Thorn RMS, Young AE, Reynolds DM. Real-time detection of volatile metabolites enabling species-level discrimination of bacterial biofilms associated with wound infection. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1558-1572. [PMID: 34617369 PMCID: PMC9298000 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aims The main aim of this study was to investigate the real‐time detection of volatile metabolites for the species‐level discrimination of pathogens associated with clinically relevant wound infection, when grown in a collagen wound biofilm model. Methods and Results This work shows that Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes produce a multitude of volatile compounds when grown as biofilms in a collagen‐based biofilm model. The real‐time detection of these complex volatile profiles using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry and the use of multivariate statistical analysis on the resulting data can be used to successfully differentiate between the pathogens studied. Conclusions The range of bacterial volatile compounds detected between the species studied vary and are distinct. Discrimination between bacterial species using real‐time detection of volatile metabolites and multivariate statistical analysis was successfully demonstrated. Significance and Impact of the Study Development of rapid point‐of‐care diagnostics for wound infection would improve diagnosis and patient care. Such technological approaches would also facilitate the appropriate use of antimicrobials, minimizing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. This study further develops the use of volatile metabolite detection as a new diagnostic approach for wound infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Slade
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Robin M S Thorn
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Amber E Young
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Darren M Reynolds
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zuhra K, Szabo C. The two faces of cyanide: an environmental toxin and a potential novel mammalian gasotransmitter. FEBS J 2021; 289:2481-2515. [PMID: 34297873 PMCID: PMC9291117 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide is traditionally viewed as a cytotoxic agent, with its primary mode of action being the inhibition of mitochondrial Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase). However, recent studies demonstrate that the effect of cyanide on Complex IV in various mammalian cells is biphasic: in lower concentrations (nanomolar to low micromolar) cyanide stimulates Complex IV activity, increases ATP production and accelerates cell proliferation, while at higher concentrations (high micromolar to low millimolar) it produces the previously known (‘classic’) toxic effects. The first part of the article describes the cytotoxic actions of cyanide in the context of environmental toxicology, and highlights pathophysiological conditions (e.g., cystic fibrosis with Pseudomonas colonization) where bacterially produced cyanide exerts deleterious effects to the host. The second part of the article summarizes the mammalian sources of cyanide production and overviews the emerging concept that mammalian cells may produce cyanide, in low concentrations, to serve biological regulatory roles. Cyanide fulfills many of the general criteria as a ‘classical’ mammalian gasotransmitter and shares some common features with the current members of this class: nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Zuhra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kos R, Brinkman P, Neerincx AH, Paff T, Gerritsen MG, Lammers A, Kraneveld AD, Heijerman HGM, Janssens HM, Davies JC, Majoor CJ, Weersink EJ, Sterk PJ, Haarman EG, Bos LD, Maitland-van der Zee AH. Targeted exhaled breath analysis for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:e28-e34. [PMID: 34016557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an important respiratory pathogen for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Routine microbiology surveillance is time-consuming, and is best performed on expectorated sputum. As alternative, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be indicative of PA colonisation. In this study, we aimed to identify VOCs associated with PA in literature and perform targeted exhaled breath analysis to recognize PA positive CF patients non-invasively. METHODS This study consisted of 1) a literature review to select VOCs of interest, and 2) a cross-sectional CF study. Definitions used: A) PA positive, PA culture at visit/chronically; B) PA free, no PA culture in ≥12 months. Exhaled VOCs were identified via quadrupole MS. The primary endpoint was the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROCC) of individual VOCs as well as combined VOCs against PA culture. RESULTS 241 VOCs were identified in literature, of which 56 were further evaluated, and 13 could be detected in exhaled breath in our cohort. Exhaled breath of 25 pediatric and 28 adult CF patients, PA positive (n=16) and free (n=28) was available. 3/13 VOCs were significantly (p<0.05) different between PA groups in children; none were in adults. Notably, a composite model based on 5 or 1 VOC(s) showed an AUROCC of 0.86 (CI 0.71-1.0) and 0.87 (CI 0.72-1.0) for adults and children, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Targeted VOC analysis appears to discriminate children and adults with and without PA positive cultures with clinically acceptable sensitivity values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renate Kos
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres - loc. AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Brinkman
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres - loc. AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne H Neerincx
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres - loc. AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tamara Paff
- Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marije G Gerritsen
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres - loc. AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ariana Lammers
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres - loc. AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harry G M Heijerman
- Department Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- Department of Paediatrics, Division Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC/Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jane C Davies
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christof J Majoor
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres - loc. AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Els J Weersink
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres - loc. AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J Sterk
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres - loc. AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric G Haarman
- Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe D Bos
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres - loc. AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres - loc. AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Slade EA, Thorn RMS, Young A, Reynolds DM. An in vitro collagen perfusion wound biofilm model; with applications for antimicrobial studies and microbial metabolomics. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:310. [PMID: 31888471 PMCID: PMC6937849 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of in vitro studies of medically relevant biofilms involve the development of biofilm on an inanimate solid surface. However, infection in vivo consists of biofilm growth on, or suspended within, the semi-solid matrix of the tissue, whereby current models do not effectively simulate the nature of the in vivo environment. This paper describes development of an in vitro method for culturing wound associated microorganisms in a system that combines a semi-solid collagen gel matrix with continuous flow of simulated wound fluid. This enables culture of wound associated reproducible steady state biofilms under conditions that more closely simulate the dynamic wound environment. To demonstrate the use of this model the antimicrobial kinetics of ceftazidime, against both mature and developing Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, was assessed. In addition, we have shown the potential application of this model system for investigating microbial metabolomics by employing selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) to monitor ammonia and hydrogen cyanide production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in real-time. Results The collagen wound biofilm model facilitates growth of steady-state reproducible Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms under wound like conditions. A maximum biofilm density of 1010 cfu slide− 1 was achieved by 30 h of continuous culture and maintained throughout the remainder of the experiment. Treatment with ceftazidime at a clinically relevant dose resulted in a 1.2–1.6 log reduction in biofilm density at 72 h compared to untreated controls. Treatment resulted in loss of complex biofilm architecture and morphological changes to bacterial cells, visualised using confocal microscopy. When monitoring the biofilms using SIFT-MS, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide levels peaked at 12 h at 2273 ppb (±826.4) and 138 ppb (±49.1) respectively and were detectable throughout experimentation. Conclusions The collagen wound biofilm model has been developed to facilitate growth of reproducible biofilms under wound-like conditions. We have successfully used this method to: (1) evaluate antimicrobial efficacy and kinetics, clearly demonstrating the development of antimicrobial tolerance in biofilm cultures; (2) characterise volatile metabolite production by P. aeruginosa biofilms, demonstrating the potential use of this method in metabolomics studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Slade
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Robin M S Thorn
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Amber Young
- Scar Free Foundation Centre for Children's Burns Research, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Darren M Reynolds
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. .,University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, England.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yan H, Asfahl KL, Li N, Sun F, Xiao J, Shen D, Dandekar AA, Wang M. Conditional quorum-sensing induction of a cyanide-insensitive terminal oxidase stabilizes cooperating populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4999. [PMID: 31676850 PMCID: PMC6825135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen of humans, uses quorum sensing (QS) to regulate the production of extracellular products that can benefit all members of the population. P. aeruginosa can police QS-deficient cheaters by producing hydrogen cyanide, which is also QS regulated; however, the mechanism by which cooperators selectively protect themselves from the toxicity of cyanide remained unresolved. Here, we show that a cyanide-insensitive terminal oxidase encoded by cioAB provides resistance to cyanide, but only in QS-proficient strains. QS-deficient cheaters do not activate cioAB transcription. QS-mediated regulation of cioAB expression depends on production of both cyanide by cooperators (which is QS regulated) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) from cheaters (which is not QS regulated). This type of regulatory system allows cooperating populations to respond, via ROS, to the presence of cheaters, and might allow them to defer the substantial metabolic cost of policing until cheaters are present in the population. Quorum sensing (QS) regulates production of ‘public goods’ by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which releases toxic hydrogen cyanide to constrain QS-deficient cheaters. Here, Yan et al. show that QS-proficient strains protect themselves by producing a cyanide-insensitive enzyme in response to reactive oxygen species released by cheaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huicong Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kyle L Asfahl
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Na Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ajai A Dandekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Meizhen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Validation of biofilm formation on human skin wound models and demonstration of clinically translatable bacteria-specific volatile signatures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9431. [PMID: 29930327 PMCID: PMC6013498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are major contributors to delayed wound healing and there is a need for clinically relevant experimental models to assess theranostics. Microorganisms release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the ability to identify these in infected cutaneous wounds could lead to efficient non-invasive diagnosis. The aims here were to develop and assess bacterial biofilm formation and identify their VOC profiles in an in vitro model and validate in human ex vivo incisional and excisional cutaneous wound models. Biofilm development was assessed using multiple microscopy techniques with biofilm-forming deficient controls and quantified using metabolic and biomass assays; and VOC production measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The production of most VOCs was affected by biofilm development and model used. Some VOCs were specific either for planktonic or biofilm growth. The relative abundance of some VOCs was significantly increased or decreased by biofilm growth phase (P < 0.05). Some Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa VOCs correlated with biofilm metabolic activity and biomass (R ≤ −0.5; ≥0.5). We present for the first time bacterial biofilm formation in human ex vivo cutaneous wound models and their specific VOC profiles. These models provide a vehicle for human skin-relevant biofilm studies and VOC detection has potential clinical translatability in efficient non-invasive diagnosis of wound infection.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yan H, Wang M, Sun F, Dandekar AA, Shen D, Li N. A Metabolic Trade-Off Modulates Policing of Social Cheaters in Populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29535700 PMCID: PMC5835063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses quorum sensing (QS) to regulate the production of public goods such as the secreted protease elastase. P. aeruginosa requires the LasI-LasR QS circuit to induce elastase and enable growth on casein as the sole carbon and energy source. The LasI-LasR system also induces a second QS circuit, the RhlI-RhlR system. During growth on casein, LasR-mutant social cheaters emerge, and this can lead to a population collapse. In a minimal medium containing ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source, populations do not collapse, and cheaters and cooperators reach a stable equilibrium; however, without ammonium sulfate, cheaters overtake the cooperators and populations collapse. We show that ammonium sulfate enhances the activity of the RhlI-RhlR system in casein medium and this leads to increased production of cyanide, which serves to control levels of cheaters. This enhancement of cyanide production occurs because of a trade-off in the metabolism of glycine: exogenous ammonium ion inhibits the transformation of glycine to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate through a reduction in the expression of the glycine cleavage genes gcvP1 and gcvP2, thereby increasing the availability of glycine as a substrate for RhlR-regulated hydrogen cyanide synthesis. Thus, environmental ammonia enhances cyanide production and stabilizes QS in populations of P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huicong Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meizhen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ajai A Dandekar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Metsälä M. Optical techniques for breath analysis: from single to multi-species detection. J Breath Res 2018; 12:027104. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa8a31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
13
|
Henderson B, Khodabakhsh A, Metsälä M, Ventrillard I, Schmidt FM, Romanini D, Ritchie GAD, te Lintel Hekkert S, Briot R, Risby T, Marczin N, Harren FJM, Cristescu SM. Laser spectroscopy for breath analysis: towards clinical implementation. APPLIED PHYSICS. B, LASERS AND OPTICS 2018; 124:161. [PMID: 30956412 PMCID: PMC6428385 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-018-7030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Detection and analysis of volatile compounds in exhaled breath represents an attractive tool for monitoring the metabolic status of a patient and disease diagnosis, since it is non-invasive and fast. Numerous studies have already demonstrated the benefit of breath analysis in clinical settings/applications and encouraged multidisciplinary research to reveal new insights regarding the origins, pathways, and pathophysiological roles of breath components. Many breath analysis methods are currently available to help explore these directions, ranging from mass spectrometry to laser-based spectroscopy and sensor arrays. This review presents an update of the current status of optical methods, using near and mid-infrared sources, for clinical breath gas analysis over the last decade and describes recent technological developments and their applications. The review includes: tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, cavity ring-down spectroscopy, integrated cavity output spectroscopy, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy, photoacoustic spectroscopy, quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy, and optical frequency comb spectroscopy. A SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) is presented that describes the laser-based techniques within the clinical framework of breath research and their appealing features for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Henderson
- Trace Gas Research Group, Molecular and Laser Physics, IMM, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Khodabakhsh
- Trace Gas Research Group, Molecular and Laser Physics, IMM, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Metsälä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Florian M. Schmidt
- Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniele Romanini
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Grant A. D. Ritchie
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | | | - Raphaël Briot
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Emergency Department and Mobile Intensive Care Unit, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Terence Risby
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Nandor Marczin
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frans J. M. Harren
- Trace Gas Research Group, Molecular and Laser Physics, IMM, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simona M. Cristescu
- Trace Gas Research Group, Molecular and Laser Physics, IMM, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Smith D, Španěl P. On the importance of accurate quantification of individual volatile metabolites in exhaled breath. J Breath Res 2017. [PMID: 28635619 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa7ab5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is argued that shortcomings of certain approaches to breath analysis research based on superficial interpretation of non-quantitative data are inadvertently inhibiting the progression of non-invasive breath analysis into clinical practice. The objective of this perspective is to suggest more clinically profitable approaches to breath research. Thus, following a discourse on the challenges and expectations in breath research, a brief indication is given of the analytical techniques currently used for the analysis of very humid exhaled breath. The seminal work that has been carried out using GC-MS revealed that exhaled breath comprises large numbers of trace volatile organic compounds, VOCs. Unfortunately, analysis of these valuable GC-MS data is mostly performed using chemometrics to distinguish the VOC content of breath samples collected from patients and healthy controls, and reliable quantification of the VOCs is rarely deemed necessary. This limited approach ignores the requirements of clinically acceptable biomarkers and misses the opportunity to identify relationships between the concentrations of individual VOCs and certain related physiological or metabolic parameters. Therefore, a plea is made for more effort to be directed towards the positive identification and accurate quantification of individual VOCs in exhaled breath, which are more physiologically meaningful as best exemplified by the quantification of breath nitric oxide, NO. Support for the value of individual VOC quantification is illustrated by the SIFT-MS studies of breath hydrogen cyanide, HCN, a biomarker of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, breath acetic acid as an indicator of airways acidification in cystic fibrosis patients, and n-pentane as a breath biomarker of inflammation in idiopathic bowel disease patients. These single VOCs could be used as non-invasive monitors of the efficacy of therapeutic intervention. The increase of breath methanol following the ingestion of a known amount of the sweetener aspartame impressively shows that accurate breath analysis is a reliable indicator of blood concentrations. However, using individual VOCs for specific disease diagnosis does have its problems and it is, perhaps, more appropriate to see their concentrations as proxy markers of general underlying physiological change. We dedicate this perspective to Lars Gustafsson for his seminal work on breath research and especially for his pioneering work on nitric oxide measurements in exhaled breath in asthma, which best shows the utility and value of the quantification of individual breath biomarkers on which this perspective focuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Smith
- Trans Spectra Limited, 9 The Elms, Newcastle under Lyme, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Slade EA, Thorn RMS, Lovering AM, Young A, Reynolds DM. In vitro discrimination of wound-associated bacteria by volatile compound profiling using selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:233-245. [PMID: 28423217 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if bacterial species responsible for clinically relevant wound infection produce specific volatile profiles that would allow their speciation. METHODS AND RESULTS Selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) in full mass scan mode was used to analyse headspace gases produced by wound-associated bacteria grown in vitro, so as to enable identification of bacterial volatile product ion profiles in the resulting mass spectra. Applying multivariate statistical analysis (hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis) to the resultant mass spectra enabled clear speciation. Moreover, bacterial volatile product ions could be detected from artificially contaminated wound dressing material, although the pattern of product ions detected was influenced by culture conditions. CONCLUSIONS Using selected product ions from the SIFT-MS mass spectra it is possible to discriminate wound-associated bacterial species grown under specific in vitro culture conditions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results of this study have shown that wound-associated bacteria can be discriminated using volatile analysis in vitro and that bacterial volatiles can be detected from wound dressing material. This indicates that volatile analysis of wounds or dressing material to identify infecting microbes has potential and warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Slade
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - R M S Thorn
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - A M Lovering
- Antimicrobial Reference Laboratory Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, UK
| | - A Young
- The Scar Free Foundation Centre for Children's Burns Research, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - D M Reynolds
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Combining ANOVA-PCA with POCHEMON to analyse micro-organism development in a polymicrobial environment. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 963:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
17
|
Neerincx AH, Linders YA, Vermeulen L, Belderbos RA, Mandon J, van Mastrigt E, Pijnenburg MW, van Ingen J, Mouton JW, Kluijtmans LA, Wevers R, Harren FJ, Cristescu SM, Merkus PJ. Hydrogen cyanide emission in the lung by Staphylococcus aureus. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:577-9. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02093-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
18
|
Bernier SP, Workentine ML, Li X, Magarvey NA, O'Toole GA, Surette MG. Cyanide Toxicity to Burkholderia cenocepacia Is Modulated by Polymicrobial Communities and Environmental Factors. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:725. [PMID: 27242743 PMCID: PMC4870242 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes within polymicrobial communities can establish positive and negative interactions that have the potential to influence the overall behavior of the community. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and species of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) can co-exist in the lower airways, however several studies have shown that P. aeruginosa can effectively kill the Bcc in vitro, for which hydrogen cyanide (HCN) was recently proposed to play a critical role. Here we show that modification of the environment (i.e., culture medium), long-term genetic adaptation of P. aeruginosa to the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, or the addition of another bacterial species to the community can alter the sensitivity of Burkholderia cenocepacia to P. aeruginosa toxins. We specifically demonstrate that undefined rich media leads to higher susceptibility of B. cenocepacia to P. aeruginosa toxins like cyanide as compared to a synthetic medium (SCFM), that mimics the CF lung nutritional content. Overall, our study shows that the polymicrobial environment can have profound effects on negative interactions mediated by P. aeruginosa against B. cenocepacia. In fact, evolved P. aeruginosa or the presence of other species such as Staphylococcus aureus can directly abolish the direct competition mediated by cyanide and consequently maintaining a higher level of species diversity within the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve P Bernier
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew L Workentine
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan A Magarvey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - George A O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Michael G Surette
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster UniversityHamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster UniversityHamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen W, Roslund K, Fogarty CL, Pussinen PJ, Halonen L, Groop PH, Metsälä M, Lehto M. Detection of hydrogen cyanide from oral anaerobes by cavity ring down spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22577. [PMID: 26940198 PMCID: PMC4778072 DOI: 10.1038/srep22577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) has been recognized as a potential biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the lung. However, the oral cavity is a dominant production site for exhaled HCN and this contribution can mask the HCN generated in the lung. It is thus important to understand the sources of HCN production in the oral cavity. By screening of oral anaerobes for HCN production, we observed that the genus of Porphyromonas, Prevotella and Fusobacterium generated low levels of HCN in vitro. This is the first study to show that oral anaerobes are capable of producing HCN in vitro. Further investigations were conducted on the species of P. gingivalis and we successfully detected HCN production (0.9-10.9 ppb) in the headspace of three P. gingivalis reference strains (ATCC 33277, W50 and OMG 434) and one clinical isolate. From P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and W50, a strong correlation between HCN and CO2 concentrations (rs = 0.89, p < 0.001) was observed, indicating that the HCN production of P. gingivalis might be connected with the bacterial metabolic activity. These results indicate that our setup could be widely applied to the screening of in vitro HCN production by both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kajsa Roslund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher L Fogarty
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko J Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Lauri Halonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Metsälä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Neerincx AH, Geurts BP, Habets MFJ, Booij JA, van Loon J, Jansen JJ, Buydens LMC, van Ingen J, Mouton JW, Harren FJM, Wevers RA, Merkus PJFM, Cristescu SM, Kluijtmans LAJ. Identification of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Aspergillus fumigatus
mono- and co-cultures based on volatile biomarker combinations. J Breath Res 2016; 10:016002. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/1/016002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
21
|
Gianella M, Ritchie GAD. Cavity-Enhanced Near-Infrared Laser Absorption Spectrometer for the Measurement of Acetonitrile in Breath. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6881-9. [PMID: 26057704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of acetonitrile have been found in the exhaled breath of patients with cystic fibrosis1 and may indicate the severity of their condition or the presence of an accompanying bacterial infection of the airways. There is therefore interest in detecting acetonitrile in exhaled breath. For this purpose, a cavity-enhanced laser absorption spectrometer (λ = 1.65 μm) with a preconcentration stage was built and is described here. The spectrometer has a limit of detection of 72 ppbv and 114 ppbv of acetonitrile in nitrogen and breath, respectively, with a measurement duration of just under 5 min. The preconcentration stage, which employs a carbon molecular sieve and an adsorption/thermal desorption cycle, can increase the acetonitrile concentration by up to a factor 93, thus, lowering the overall limit of detection to approximately 1 ppbv. The suitability of the system for acetonitrile measurements in breath is demonstrated with breath samples taken from the authors, which yielded acetonitrile concentrations of 23 ± 3 ppbv and 29 ± 3 ppbv, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gianella
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Grant A D Ritchie
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|