Thermal recycling and re-manufacturing of glass fibre thermosetting composites

Sustainable End-of-Life Management of Wind Turbine Blades: Overview of Current and Coming Solutions

Various scenarios of end-of-life management of wind turbine blades are reviewed. “Reactive” strategies, designed to deal with already available, ageing turbines, installed in the 2000s, are discussed, among them, maintenance and repair, reuse, refurbishment and recycling. The main results and challenges of “pro-active strategies”, designed to ensure recyclability of new generations of wind turbines, are discussed. Among the main directions, the wind turbine blades with thermoplastic and recyclable thermoset composite matrices, as well as wood, bamboo and natural fiber-based composites were reviewed. It is argued that repair and reuse of wind turbine blades, and extension of the blade life has currently a number of advantages over other approaches. While new recyclable materials have been tested in laboratories, or in some cases on small or medium blades, there are remaining technological challenges for their utilization in large wind turbine blades.

A Study to Investigate the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Carbon Fibre/Glass Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Using a Novel Thermal Recycling Process

Manufacturing-based carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) wastes (pre-consumer waste) were recycled to recover valuable carbon fibres (CFs) and glass fibres (GFs), utilising a novel thermal recycling process with a cone calorimeter setup. The ideal conditions to recycle both the fibres occurred at 550 °C in atmospheric pressure. The processing time in the batch reactor to recycle CFs was 20–25 min, and to recycle GFs it was 25–30 min. The recovery rate of the recycled CFs was 95–98 wt%, and for GFs it was 80–82 wt%. Both the recycled fibres possessed a 100–110 mm average length. The resin phase elimination was verified by employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the fibres were manually realigned, compression moulded at room temperature, and cured for 24 h by a laminating epoxy resin system. The newly manufactured CFRP and GFRP composites were continuous (uniform length from end to end), unidirectionally oriented (0°), and non-woven. The composites were produced in two fibre volumes: 40 wt% and 60 wt%. The addition of ≈20 wt% recycled CFs increased the tensile strength (TS) by 12%, young modulus (YM) by 34.27% and impact strength (IS) by 7.26%. The addition of ≈20 wt% recycled GFs increased the TS by 75.14%, YM by 12.23% and the IS by 116.16%. The closed-loop recycling approach demonstrated in this study can effectively recycle both CFRP and GFRP manufacturing wastes. Preserving the structural integrity of the recycled fibres could be an advantage, enabling recycling for a specified number of times.