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Fernandez SV, Cai F, Chen S, Suh E, Tiepelt J, McIntosh R, Marcus C, Acosta D, Mejorado D, Dagdeviren C. On-Body Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters through Innovative Designs and Conformable Structures. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 9:2070-2086. [PMID: 34735770 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in wearable technology have improved lifestyle and medical practices, enabling personalized care ranging from fitness tracking, to real-time health monitoring, to predictive sensing. Wearable devices serve as an interface between humans and technology; however, this integration is far from seamless. These devices face various limitations such as size, biocompatibility, and battery constraints wherein batteries are bulky, are expensive, and require regular replacement. On-body energy harvesting presents a promising alternative to battery power by utilizing the human body's continuous generation of energy. This review paper begins with an investigation of contemporary energy harvesting methods, with a deep focus on piezoelectricity. We then highlight the materials, configurations, and structures of such methods for self-powered devices. Here, we propose a novel combination of thin-film composites, kirigami patterns, and auxetic structures to lay the groundwork for an integrated piezoelectric system to monitor and sense. This approach has the potential to maximize energy output by amplifying the piezoelectric effect and manipulating the strain distribution. As a departure from bulky, rigid device design, we explore compositions and microfabrication processes for conformable energy harvesters. We conclude by discussing the limitations of these harvesters and future directions that expand upon current applications for wearable technology. Further exploration of materials, configurations, and structures introduce interdisciplinary applications for such integrated systems. Considering these factors can revolutionize the production and consumption of energy as wearable technology becomes increasingly prevalent in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V Fernandez
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Fiona Cai
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sophia Chen
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emma Suh
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jan Tiepelt
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Rachel McIntosh
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Colin Marcus
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Daniel Acosta
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - David Mejorado
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Canan Dagdeviren
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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