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Arabi V, Sasanfar B, Sareban Hassanabadi MT, Seyedhosseini SM, Jambarsang S, Motallaei M, Taftian M, Darand M, Mirjalili FS, Salehi-Abargouei A. Medicinal herbs consumption in relation to cardiometabolic indices and coronary artery stenosis in participants undergoing coronary angiography: A cross-sectional study. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38233343 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the association between herbal medicine consumption and coronary artery disease severity. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between the frequency of medicinal herbs consumption and coronary artery stenosis (CAS), lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and blood pressure level in participants undergoing coronary angiography. This study was conducted on 662 participants aged 35-75 years. Serum cardiometabolic markers were measured using standard kits. The extent and severity of CAS were evaluated using the Gensini score (GS) and syntax score (SS). Higher consumption of Thymus vulgaris and Sumac was associated with decreased odds of artery-clogging according to the GS. A higher intake of Thymus vulgaris and Mentha was associated with lower levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride. Monthly intake of Thymus vulgaris, and weekly/daily intake of Mentha, Nigella Sativa, and Cuminum Cyminum were associated with lower low-density lipoprotein. Weekly/daily intake of Turmeric and Thymus vulgaris were associated with lower high-density lipoprotein levels and monthly intake of Mentha was related to lower serum FBS levels. Higher consumption of Mentha, Mentha pulegium L, Lavandula angustifolia, and Nigella Sativa was associated with lower levels of systolic blood pressure. According to the results of the present study, herbs consumption might be related to a reduction in CAS risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Arabi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Bahareh Sasanfar
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Sareban Hassanabadi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Seyedhosseini
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sara Jambarsang
- Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of public health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Motallaei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Marzieh Taftian
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mina Darand
- Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Mirjalili
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Mehta JK, Kaur G, Buttar HS, Bagabir HA, Bagabir RA, Bagabir SA, Haque S, Tuli HS, Telessy IG. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease and heart failure: Diagnostic biomarkers and therapy with drugs and natural products. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1034170. [PMID: 36909245 PMCID: PMC9995912 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1034170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in blood pressure regulation. In some cases, this steering mechanism is affected by various deleterious factors (mainly via the overactivation of the RAS) causing cardiovascular damage, including coronary heart disease (CHD) that can ultimately lead to chronic heart failure (CHF). This not only causes cardiovascular disability and absenteeism from work but also imposes significant healthcare costs globally. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases has escalated exponentially over the years with the major outcome in the form of CHD, stroke, and CHF. The involvement of the RAS in various diseases has been extensively researched with significant limelight on CHD. The RAS may trigger a cascade of events that lead to atherosclerotic mayhem, which causes CHD and related aggravation by damaging the endothelial lining of blood vessels via various inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Although there are various diagnostic tests and treatments available in the market, there is a constant need for the development of procedures and therapeutic strategies that increase patient compliance and reduce the associated side effects. This review highlights the advances in the diagnostic and treatment domains for CHD, which would help in subjugating the side effects caused by conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinit K Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Harpal S Buttar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hala Abubaker Bagabir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Abubaker Bagabir
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sali Abubaker Bagabir
- Genetics Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hardeep S Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, India
| | - Istvan G Telessy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Rejinold NS, Kim HK, Isakovic AF, Gater DL, Kim YC. Therapeutic vitamin delivery: Chemical and physical methods with future directions. J Control Release 2019; 298:83-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Integrative medicine (IM) has developed an increasingly significant role in health care worldwide, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This review describes the commonly used IM in CVD, with particular attention placed with dietary supplements and mind-body therapies. More rigorous research continues to be needed to determine the mechanisms and efficacy of IM cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Health care providers will need to develop skills in open communication and nonjudgmental dialogue around IM use in discussing treatment plans with their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan Mehta
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Benson-Henry Institute for Mind-Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 151 Merrimac Street, 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Bahall M, Edwards M. Perceptions of complementary and alternative medicine among cardiac patients in South Trinidad: a qualitative study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:99. [PMID: 25887906 PMCID: PMC4392733 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been practiced for centuries owing to the absence or limited availability of conventional medicine. CAM has persisted globally with over USD34 billion spent annually, despite modernization, globalization, technological advancement, and limited supportive evidence. The present qualitative study explores the perception of CAM among cardiac patients with respect to rationale, perceived outcomes, influences, and public health concerns. METHODS This study used a qualitative, interpretative approach. Twelve cardiac disease patients were recruited from private clinics in South Trinidad and interviewed. The study obtained ethical approval, and all participants provided written consent. The semi-structured interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. Participants with poor cognitive function, difficulty speaking, and those not understandable owing to language barriers were excluded. RESULTS CAM use was based largely on patient perception regardless of the clinical reality. The perceived mode of action and its natural character was responsible for the therapeutic outcomes and uses. Participants reported that CAM provided holistic care, improved the quality of life, overcame the limitations of conventional medicine, satisfied their increased expectation for comprehensive care, and prevented or counteracted adverse effects caused by conventional medicine. Participants reported a lack of scientific information on CAM and stated that policy makers should assist patients through increased research, public health education, and improved integration of CAM and conventional medicine. CONCLUSIONS The participants' use of CAM was largely based on perception. CAM was thought to improve therapeutic outcomes, provide holistic care, decrease or prevent complications from conventional medicine, and improve quality of life. Participants acknowledged that they may be ill-informed about the basic concepts or actions of CAM. They urged policymakers to create an environment that assists the public and health care providers in promoting safe and effective CAM practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandreker Bahall
- Arthur Lok Jack Graduate School of Business, Max Richards Drive, Champ Fleurs, Mount Hope, Trinidad.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Mark Edwards
- University of Liverpool, London, UK.
- University of Roehampton, London, UK.
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Simultaneous determination of lovastatin and citrinin in red yeast rice supplements by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Food Chem 2013; 138:531-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mornar A, Sertić M, Nigović B. Development of a rapid LC/DAD/FLD/MS(n) method for the simultaneous determination of monacolins and citrinin in red fermented rice products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:1072-1080. [PMID: 23305336 DOI: 10.1021/jf304881g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Red fermented rice is used worldwide by many patients as an alternative therapy for hyperlipidemia; however, the discovery of a toxic fermentation byproduct, citrinin, causes much controversy about the safety of red mold rice products. A new and fast high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of cholesterol-lowering compounds monacolin K (lovastatin), monacolin K hydroxy acid, and other monacolins present in red fermented rice as well as nephrotoxic mycotoxin citrinin in a single run using connected diode array and fluorescence and mass spectrometric detectors. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of red fermented rice food samples and various dietary supplements also containing other natural lipid-lowering agents. The deviations between label content and levels of active compounds found in investigated samples as well as high batch-to-batch variation found in one product indicate that the regular quality control of red fermented rice products is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mornar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Wang Y, Zou MJ, Zhao N, Ren JG, Zhou H, Cheng G. Effect of diallyl trisulfide on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine in rats. J Food Sci 2011; 76:T30-4. [PMID: 21535728 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a major component derived from garlic, on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine. Pharmacokinetic parameters of nifedipine were determined in rats following an oral gavage (3 mg/kg) or intravenous administration (0.75 mg/kg) of nifedipine with co-administration of DATS (20 mg/kg) and long-term pretreatment of DATS (20 mg/kg/d for 15 consecutive days). Compared to the control groups, higher C(max) and AUC(0-24 h) were observed for oral gavage of nifedipine after short-term and long-term pretreatment of DATS, whereas those for intravenous nifedipine were little changed. The oral bioavailabilities of nifedipine were remarkably enhanced via the concomitant use of DATS. In conclusion, DATS increased the oral exposure of nifedipine in rats likely by the modification of intestinal metabolism of nifedipine, indicating that combined use of DATS or DATS-containing supplement with nifedipine may require caution because high plasma concentrations may lead to an undesired toxicity of this agent. Practical Application: Patients suffering from cardiovascular disease should take caution in combined use of DATS or DATS-rich garlic supplement with nifedipine because long-term treatment of DATS could lead high plasma concentrations of nifedipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Dept. of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical Univ., Mailbox 32#, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang 110016, China
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Metzger B, Barnes D, Reed J. A Comparison of Pectin, Polyphenols, and Phytosterols, Alone or in Combination, to Lovastatin for Reduction of Serum Lipids in Familial Hypercholesterolemic Swine. J Med Food 2009; 12:854-60. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B.T. Metzger
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Standard Process, Inc., Palmyra, Wisconsin, USA
| | - D.M. Barnes
- Standard Process, Inc., Palmyra, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J.D. Reed
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Porcine circovirus 2 infection of epithelial cells is clathrin-, caveolae- and dynamin-independent, actin and Rho-GTPase-mediated, and enhanced by cholesterol depletion. Virus Res 2008; 139:1-9. [PMID: 18952130 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells are the major in vivo target cells for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Although these cells are used for most studies of PCV2 gene expression and, little is known on PCV2 entry, attachment and internalization, in epithelial cells. PCV2 attachment to epithelial cells occurred rapidly and in a time-dependent manner. In contrast to attachment, internalization was slow. Immunofluorescent stainings revealed that during internalization, PCV2 co-localized with clathrin, but not caveolin. Blocking clathrin-mediated endocytosis increased instead of decreased the number of PCV2-infected cells by threefold, suggesting that it does not represent the main internalization pathway leading to a full replication. Further analysis with different inhibitors revealed that also macropinocytosis, dynamin-dependent internalization and membrane cholesterol play no role in PCV2 entry that leads to infection. Inhibition of small GTPases with Clostridium difficile toxin B reduced the number of PCV2-infected PK-15, SK and STs to 63+/-25%, 47+/-21% and 14+/-6%, respectively. Finally, inhibiting actin polymerization also blocked PCV2 infection, showing the need for actin during PCV2 infection. Together, these data indicate that a dynamin- and cholesterol-independent, but actin- and small GTPase-dependent pathway, allows PCV2 internalization in epithelial cells that leads to infection and that clathrin-mediated PCV2 internalization in epithelial cells is not followed by a full replication.
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Becker DJ, Gordon RY, Morris PB, Yorko J, Gordon YJ, Li M, Iqbal N. Simvastatin vs therapeutic lifestyle changes and supplements: randomized primary prevention trial. Mayo Clin Proc 2008; 83:758-64. [PMID: 18613992 DOI: 10.4065/83.7.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the lipid-lowering effects of an alternative regimen (lifestyle changes, red yeast rice, and fish oil) with a standard dose of a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin). PATIENTS AND METHODS This randomized trial enrolled 74 patients with hypercholesterolemia who met Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for primary prevention using statin therapy. All participants were randomized to an alternative treatment group (AG) or to receive simvastatin (40 mg/d) in this open-label trial conducted between April 1, 2006, and June 30, 2006. The alternative treatment included therapeutic lifestyle changes, ingestion of red yeast rice, and fish oil supplements for 12 weeks. The simvastatin group received medication and traditional counseling. The primary outcome measure was the percentage change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Secondary measures were changes in other lipoproteins and weight loss. RESULTS There was a statistically significant reduction in LDL-C levels in both the AG (-42.4%+/-15%) (P<.001) and the simvastatin group (-39.6%+/-20%) (P<.001). No significant differences were noted between groups. The AG also demonstrated significant reductions in triglycerides (-29% vs -9.3%; 95% confidence interval, -61 to -11.7; P=.003) and weight (-5.5% vs -0.4%; 95% confidence interval, -5.5 to -3.4; P<.001) compared with the simvastatin group. CONCLUSION Lifestyle changes combined with ingestion of red yeast rice and fish oil reduced LDL-C in proportions similar to standard therapy with simvastatin. Pending confirmation in larger trials, this multifactorial, alternative approach to lipid lowering has promise for a subset of patients unwilling or unable to take statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Becker
- Division of Cardiology, Chestnut Hill Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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