1
|
White CJ, Gausepohl AM, Wilkins HN, Eberhard CD, Orsburn BC, Williams DW. Spatial Heterogeneity of Brain Lipids in SIV-Infected Macaques Treated with Antiretroviral Therapy. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:185-196. [PMID: 38288997 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to promote neurocognitive impairment, mood disorders, and brain atrophy, even in the modern era of viral suppression. Brain lipids are vulnerable to HIV-associated energetic strain and may contribute to HIV-associated neurologic dysfunction due to alterations in lipid breakdown and structural lipid composition. HIV neuropathology is region dependent, yet there has not been comprehensive characterization of the spatial heterogeneity of brain lipids during infection that possibly impacts neurologic function. To address this gap, we evaluated the spatial lipid distribution using matrix laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) across four brain regions (parietal cortex, midbrain, thalamus, and temporal cortex), as well as the kidney for a peripheral tissue control, in a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque treated with a course of antiretroviral therapies (ARTs). We assessed lipids indicative of fat breakdown [acylcarnitines (CARs)] and critical structural lipids [phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs)] across fatty acid chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation. CARs with very long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were more abundant across all brain regions than shorter chain, saturated, or monounsaturated species. We observed distinct brain lipid distribution patterns for the CARs and PCs. However, no clear expression patterns emerged for PEs. Surprisingly, the kidney was nearly devoid of ions corresponding to PUFAs common in brain. PEs and PCs with PUFAs had little intensity and less density than other species, and only one CAR species was observed in kidney at high intensity. Overall, our study demonstrates the stark variation in structural phospholipids and lipid-energetic intermediates present in the virally suppressed SIV-macaque brain. These findings may be useful for identifying regional vulnerabilities to damage due to brain lipid changes in people with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cory J White
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Andrew M Gausepohl
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Hannah N Wilkins
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Colten D Eberhard
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Benjamin C Orsburn
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Dionna W Williams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X. Magnetic resonance imaging of the monkey fetal brain in utero. INVESTIGATIVE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 2022; 26:177-190. [PMID: 36937817 PMCID: PMC10019598 DOI: 10.13104/imri.2022.26.4.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are the closest living relatives of the human and play a critical role in investigating the effects of maternal viral infection and consumption of medicines, drugs, and alcohol on fetal development. With the advance of contemporary fast MRI techniques with parallel imaging, fetal MRI is becoming a robust tool increasingly used in clinical practice and preclinical studies to examine congenital abnormalities including placental dysfunction, congenital heart disease (CHD), and brain abnormalities non-invasively. Because NHPs are usually scanned under anesthesia, the motion artifact is reduced substantially, allowing multi-parameter MRI techniques to be used intensively to examine the fetal development in a single scanning session or longitudinal studies. In this paper, the MRI techniques for scanning monkey fetal brains in utero in biomedical research are summarized. Also, a fast imaging protocol including T2-weighted imaging, diffusion MRI, resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) to examine rhesus monkey fetal brains in utero on a clinical 3T scanner is introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- EPC Imaging Center and Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X. Effects of Anesthesia on Cerebral Blood Flow and Functional Connectivity of Nonhuman Primates. Vet Sci 2022; 9:516. [PMID: 36288129 PMCID: PMC9609818 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are the closest living relatives of humans and play a critical and unique role in neuroscience research and pharmaceutical development. General anesthesia is usually required in neuroimaging studies of NHPs to keep the animal from stress and motion. However, the adverse effects of anesthesia on cerebral physiology and neural activity are pronounced and can compromise the data collection and interpretation. Functional connectivity is frequently examined using resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) to assess the functional abnormality in the animal brain under anesthesia. The fMRI signal can be dramatically suppressed by most anesthetics in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rsfMRI studies may be further compromised by inter-subject variations when the sample size is small (as seen in most neuroscience studies of NHPs). Therefore, proper use of anesthesia is strongly demanded to ensure steady and consistent physiology maintained during rsfMRI data collection of each subject. The aim of this review is to summarize typical anesthesia used in rsfMRI scans of NHPs and the effects of anesthetics on cerebral physiology and functional connectivity. Moreover, the protocols with optimal rsfMRI data acquisition and anesthesia procedures for functional connectivity study of macaque monkeys are introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- EPC Imaging Center and Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood RD, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moretti S, Virtuoso S, Sernicola L, Farcomeni S, Maggiorella MT, Borsetti A. Advances in SIV/SHIV Non-Human Primate Models of NeuroAIDS. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081018. [PMID: 34451482 PMCID: PMC8398602 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are the most relevant model of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and neuroAIDS, being of great importance in explaining the pathogenesis of HIV-induced nervous system damage. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)/ Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV)-infected monkeys have provided evidence of complex interactions between the virus and host that include host immune response, viral genetic diversity, and genetic susceptibility, which may explain virus-associated central nervous system (CNS) pathology and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). In this article, we review the recent progress contributions obtained using monkey models of HIV infection of the CNS, neuropathogenesis and SIV encephalitis (SIVE), with an emphasis on pharmacologic therapies and dependable markers that predict development of CNS AIDS.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao J, Chen F, Ren M, Li L, Li A, Jing B, Li H. Low-frequency fluctuation characteristics in rhesus macaques with SIV infection: a resting-state fMRI study. J Neurovirol 2018; 25:141-149. [PMID: 30478797 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-018-0694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaque is a widely used model to study human immunodeficiency virus. The purpose of the study is to discover the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF) changes in SIV-infected macaques. Seven rhesus macaques were involved in the longitudinal MRI scans: (1) baseline (healthy state); (2) SIV infection stage (12 weeks after SIV inoculation). ALFF and fALFF were subsequently computed and compared to ascertain the changes caused by SIV infection. Whole-brain correlation analysis was further used to explore the possible associations between ALFF/fALFF values and immune status parameters (CD4+ T cell counts, CD4/CD8 ratio and virus load). Compared with the baseline, macaques in SIV infection stage displayed strengthened ALFF values in left precuneus, postcentral gyrus, and temporal gyrus, and weakened ALFF values in orbital gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus. Meanwhile, increased fALFF values were found in left superior frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus, while decreased fALFF values existed in left hippocampus, left caudate, and right inferior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, ALFF and fALFF values in several brain regions showed significant relationships with CD4+ T cell counts, CD4/CD8 ratio, and plasma virus load. Our findings could promote the understanding of neuroAIDS caused by HIV infection, which may provide supplementary evidences for the future therapy study in SIV model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, You An MenWai, Feng Tai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, You An MenWai, Feng Tai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Meiji Ren
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, You An MenWai, Feng Tai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, You An MenWai, Feng Tai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Aixin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men Wai, Feng Tai District, Beijing, 10069, China
| | - Bin Jing
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, No.10, Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men Wai, Feng Tai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, You An MenWai, Feng Tai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Estes JD, LeGrand R, Petrovas C. Visualizing the Immune System: Providing Key Insights into HIV/SIV Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:423. [PMID: 29552017 PMCID: PMC5840205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological inductive tissues, such as secondary lymphoid organs, are composed of distinct anatomical microenvironments for the generation of immune responses to pathogens and immunogens. These microenvironments are characterized by the compartmentalization of highly specialized immune and stromal cell populations, as well as the presence of a complex network of soluble factors and chemokines that direct the intra-tissue trafficking of naïve and effector cell populations. Imaging platforms have provided critical contextual information regarding the molecular and cellular interactions that orchestrate the spatial microanatomy of relevant cells and the development of immune responses against pathogens. Particularly in HIV/SIV disease, imaging technologies are of great importance in the investigation of the local interplay between the virus and host cells, with respect to understanding viral dynamics and persistence, immune responses (i.e., adaptive and innate inflammatory responses), tissue structure and pathologies, and changes to the surrounding milieu and function of immune cells. Merging imaging platforms with other cutting-edge technologies could lead to novel findings regarding the phenotype, function, and molecular signatures of particular immune cell targets, further promoting the development of new antiviral treatments and vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Roger LeGrand
- CEA, Université Paris Sud 11, INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Tissue Analysis Core, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alves GS, de Carvalho LDA, Sudo FK, Briand L, Laks J, Engelhardt E. A panel of clinical and neuropathological features of cerebrovascular disease through the novel neuroimaging methods. Dement Neuropsychol 2017; 11:343-355. [PMID: 29354214 PMCID: PMC5769992 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-040003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The last decade has witnessed substantial progress in acquiring diagnostic biomarkers for the diagnostic workup of cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Advanced neuroimaging methods not only provide a strategic contribution for the differential diagnosis of vascular dementia (VaD) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), but also help elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms ultimately leading to small vessel disease (SVD) throughout its course. OBJECTIVE In this review, the novel imaging methods, both structural and metabolic, were summarized and their impact on the diagnostic workup of age-related CVD was analysed. Methods: An electronic search between January 2010 and 2017 was carried out on PubMed/MEDLINE, Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge and EMBASE. RESULTS The use of full functional multimodality in simultaneous Magnetic Resonance (MR)/Positron emission tomography (PET) may potentially improve the clinical characterization of VCI-VaD; for structural imaging, MRI at 3.0 T enables higher-resolution scanning with greater imaging matrices, thinner slices and more detail on the anatomical structure of vascular lesions. CONCLUSION Although the importance of most of these techniques in the clinical setting has yet to be recognized, there is great expectancy in achieving earlier and more refined therapeutic interventions for the effective management of VCI-VaD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Felipe Kenji Sudo
- Departamento de Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto D'Or de Ensino e Pesquisa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas Briand
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CE, Brazil
| | - Jerson Laks
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biomedicina Translacional (BIOTRANS), Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliasz Engelhardt
- Setor de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento, Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto (INDC-CDA/IPUB), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao J, Jing B, Chen F, Liu J, Wang Y, Li H. Altered regional homogeneity of brain spontaneous signals in SIV infected rhesus macaque model. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 37:56-61. [PMID: 27989909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regional homogeneity (ReHo), a measurement from resting-state functional magnetic imaging (rs-fMRI) to reflect local synchronization of brain activities, has been widely explored in previous studies of neurological diseases. SIV infected model for detecting the neurological changes with progression was studied. METHODS In the study, six rhesus macaques infected by simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) were scanned by resting-state fMRI at the following time points: before SIV inoculation (baseline), 12weeks and 24weeks post inoculation (12wpi, 24wpi). Meanwhile, the immunological parameters including serum percentage of CD4+ T cell, CD4/CD8 ratio and absolute CD4+ T cell number were measured and analyzed. RESULTS In comparison of baseline, significant decreased ReHo was found in the left superior frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left hippocampus, right precuneus, left angular gyrus, and bilateral occipital gyrus; in contrast increased ReHo in putamen at 12wpi. Moreover, at the time of 24wpi, decreased ReHo was observed in the right postcentral gyrus, left precentral gyrus, posterior cingulated gyrus and thalamus, while ReHo was increased in the left putamen, hippocampus, left anterior cingulated cortex and precentral cortex. The correlation analysis revealed that ReHo in the superior frontal gyrus showed negative association with CD4/CD8 ratio and positive with absolute CD4+ T cell number. The correlation analysis showed that percentage of CD4+ was correlated with the ReHo values in right middle frontal gyrus, bilateral thalamus and amygdala positively; negative relationship with left putamen, left superior frontal gyrus, left superior and middle temporal gyrus. CONCLUSION The study first indicates that hippocampus, putamen, frontal and occipital lobe were impaired by using rs-fMRI and correlated with immunological parameters. Thus, ReHo value can be utilized as a noninvasive biomarker of spontaneous brain activity changes caused by the progression of neurological impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men Wai, Feng Tai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Bin Jing
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men Wai, Feng Tai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men Wai, Feng Tai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men Wai, Feng Tai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men Wai, Feng Tai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men Wai, Feng Tai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|