1
|
Yabar CA, Vilcarino GF, Espetia S, Lujan F, Vásquez-Domínguez A, Yaya M, Acuña M, Santos D, Mamani E, Rodriguez-Bayona R, Salvatierra J, Obregon G, Romero S, Cardenas F, Lopez P, Rivera-Amill V. Social, Epidemiological, and Virological Characteristics from Peruvian Subjects Living with HIV-1/AIDS with Different Sexual Risk Behavior. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:288-299. [PMID: 34569275 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 genetic diversity and resistance profile might change according to the risky sexual behavior of the host. To show this, we recruited 134 individuals between the years 2015 and 2017 identified as transgender women sex workers (TWSW, n = 73) and Heterosexual Military Officers (HET-MO, n = 61). After obtaining informed consent, we collected a blood sample to perform the HIV genotyping, CD4 cell count, and viral load. We used bioinformatics approaches for detecting resistance mutations and recombination events. Epidemiological data showed that both groups reported sexually transmitted diseases and they were widespread among TWSW, especially syphilis and herpes virus (35.6%). Illegal drugs consumption was higher among TWSW (71.2%), whereas condom use was inconsistent for both HET-MO (57.4%) and TWSW (74.0%). TWSW showed the shortest time exposition to antiretroviral therapy (ART) (3.5 years) and the lowest access to ART (34.2%) that conducted treatment failure (>4 logs). HIV-1 sequences from TWSW and HET-MO were analyzed to determine the genetic diversity and antiretroviral drug resistance. Phylogeny analysis revealed 125 (93%) cases of subtype B, 01 subtype A (0.76%), 07 (5.30%) BF recombinants, and 01 (0.76%) AG recombinant. Also, TWSW showed a higher recombination index (9.5%, 7/73) than HET-MO (1.5%, 1/68). HET-MO only showed acquired resistance (26.23%, 16/61), whereas TWSW showed both acquired as transmitted resistance (9.59% for each). In conclusion, TWSW and HET-MO showed significant differences considering the epidemiological characteristics, genetic diversity, recombination events, and HIV resistance profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Augusto Yabar
- Laboratorio de VTS/VIH-SIDA, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Chorrillos, Lima - Perú
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, La Molina, Lima - Perú
| | - Giovanny Francesco Vilcarino
- Laboratorio de VTS/VIH-SIDA, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Chorrillos, Lima - Perú
| | - Susan Espetia
- Laboratorio de VTS/VIH-SIDA, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Chorrillos, Lima - Perú
| | - Fiorela Lujan
- Laboratorio de VTS/VIH-SIDA, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Chorrillos, Lima - Perú
| | - Andres Vásquez-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de VTS/VIH-SIDA, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Chorrillos, Lima - Perú
| | - Mariela Yaya
- Laboratorio de VTS/VIH-SIDA, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Chorrillos, Lima - Perú
| | - Maribel Acuña
- Laboratorio de VTS/VIH-SIDA, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Chorrillos, Lima - Perú
| | - Daniel Santos
- Laboratorio de VTS/VIH-SIDA, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Chorrillos, Lima - Perú
| | - Edgardo Mamani
- Laboratorio de VTS/VIH-SIDA, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Chorrillos, Lima - Perú
| | | | - Javier Salvatierra
- Servicio de ITS VIH, Centro de Salud, “Alberto Barton,” Callao, Lima - Perú
| | - George Obregon
- Laboratorio de VTS/VIH-SIDA, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Chorrillos, Lima - Perú
| | - Soledad Romero
- Laboratorio de VTS/VIH-SIDA, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Chorrillos, Lima - Perú
| | - Fany Cardenas
- Laboratorio de VTS/VIH-SIDA, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Chorrillos, Lima - Perú
| | - Pablo Lopez
- Center for Research Resources, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Vanessa Rivera-Amill
- Center for Research Resources, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| |
Collapse
|