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Rull F, Veneranda M, Manrique-Martinez JA, Sanz-Arranz A, Saiz J, Medina J, Moral A, Perez C, Seoane L, Lalla E, Charro E, Lopez JM, Nieto LM, Lopez-Reyes G. Spectroscopic study of terrestrial analogues to support rover missions to Mars - A Raman-centred review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339003. [PMID: 35569840 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 2020s could be called, with little doubt, the "Mars decade". No other period in space exploration history has experienced such interest in placing orbiters, rovers and landers on the Red Planet. In 2021 alone, the Emirates' first Mars Mission (the Hope orbiter), the Chinese Tianwen-1 mission (orbiter, lander and rover), and NASA's Mars 2020 Perseverance rover reached Mars. The ExoMars mission Rosalind Franklin rover is scheduled for launch in 2022. Beyond that, several other missions are proposed or under development. Among these, MMX to Phobos and the very important Mars Sample Return can be cited. One of the key mission objectives of the Mars 2020 and ExoMars 2022 missions is the detection of traces of potential past or present life. This detection relies to a great extent on the analytical results provided by complementary spectroscopic techniques. The development of these novel instruments has been carried out in step with the analytical study of terrestrial analogue sites and materials, which serve to test the scientific capabilities of spectroscopic prototypes while providing crucial information to better understand the geological processes that could have occurred on Mars. Being directly involved in the development of three of the first Raman spectrometers to be validated for space exploration missions (Mars 2020/SuperCam, ExoMars/RLS and RAX/MMX), the present review summarizes some of the most relevant spectroscopy-based analyses of terrestrial analogues carried out over the past two decades. Therefore, the present work describes the analytical results gathered from the study of some of the most distinctive terrestrial analogues of Martian geological contexts, as well as the lessons learned mainly from ExoMars mission simulations conducted at representative analogue sites. Learning from the experience gained in the described studies, a general overview of the scientific outcome expected from the spectroscopic system developed for current and forthcoming planetary missions is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rull
- University of Valladolid, Plaza de Santa Cruz 8, 47002, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Marco Veneranda
- University of Valladolid, Plaza de Santa Cruz 8, 47002, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jesus Saiz
- University of Valladolid, Plaza de Santa Cruz 8, 47002, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Medina
- University of Valladolid, Plaza de Santa Cruz 8, 47002, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Andoni Moral
- National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - Carlos Perez
- National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - Laura Seoane
- National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Lalla
- York University, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elena Charro
- University of Valladolid, Plaza de Santa Cruz 8, 47002, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Lopez
- University of Valladolid, Plaza de Santa Cruz 8, 47002, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Nieto
- University of Valladolid, Plaza de Santa Cruz 8, 47002, Valladolid, Spain
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Critical evaluation of portable Raman spectrometers: From rock outcrops and planetary analogs to cultural heritage – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1209:339027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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