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Cui L, Faraj A, Alaoui AE, Groman E, Rutkowski J, Josephson L, Sommadossi JP. Arabinogalactan (9kDa)-9-β-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine-5′-Monophosphate, A Novel Liver-Targeted Conjugate that Selectively Inhibits Hepatitis B virus Replication in Vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029700800606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The Liver Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - A Faraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The Liver Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Am El Alaoui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The Liver Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ev Groman
- Advanced Magnetics, 61 Mooney Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jv Rutkowski
- Advanced Magnetics, 61 Mooney Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - L Josephson
- Advanced Magnetics, 61 Mooney Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - J-P Sommadossi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The Liver Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated hepatocyte targeting — Strategies and applications. J Control Release 2015; 203:126-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Fiume L, Manerba M, Di Stefano G. Albumin-drug conjugates in the treatment of hepatic disorders. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1203-17. [PMID: 24773257 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.913567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review deals with the use of serum albumin (SA) as a carrier for the selective delivery of drugs to liver cells. AREAS COVERED The synthesis and properties of the SA conjugates prepared to enhance the performance of the drugs used in the treatment of viral hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver micrometastases and hepatic fibrosis are reported. EXPERT OPINION Studies in humans and laboratory animals demonstrated the capacity of SA conjugates to accomplish a liver targeting of the drugs, but at the same time underscored their limits and drawbacks, which can explain why to date these complexes did not reach a practical application. The major drawback is the need of administration by intravenous route, which prevents long-term daily treatments as required by some liver pathologies, such as chronic virus hepatitis and fibrosis. At present, only a conjugate carrying doxorubicin and addressed to the treatment of HCC showed in laboratory animals a solid potentiality to improve the value of the coupled drug. In the future, conjugation to SA could remain a successful strategy to permit the administration of drugs with rapid resolutive effects inside liver cells without causing severe extrahepatic adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fiume
- University of Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine , via San Giacomo 14 - 20126 Bologna , Italy +39 0512094700 ; +39 0512094746 ;
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Fiume L, Di Stefano G. Lactosaminated human albumin, a hepatotropic carrier of drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 40:253-62. [PMID: 20403430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A selective delivery of drugs to liver can be obtained by conjugation with galactosyl terminating macromolecules. The conjugates selectively enter hepatocytes after interaction of the carrier galactose residues with the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) present only on these cells. Within hepatocytes the conjugates are transported to lysosomes where the drug is set free from the carrier, becoming concentrated in liver cells. The present article reviews the liver targeting of drugs obtained with lactosaminated albumin (L-SA), a neoglycoprotein exposing galactosyl residues. We report: (1) experiments which demonstrate the antiviral efficacy of the L-H(human)SA-ara-AMP conjugate in laboratory animals and in humans with viral hepatitis; (2) the property of a L-HSA conjugate with fluorodeoxyuridine to produce concentrations of the drug higher in hepatic sinusoids than in systemic circulation, with the potential of accomplishing a loco-regional, noninvasive treatment of liver micrometastases; (3) the increased anticancer activity of doxorubicin (DOXO) when coupled to L-HSA on all the forms of chemically induced rat hepatocellular carcinomas including those which do not express the ASGP-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fiume
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Fiume L, Baglioni M, Bolondi L, Farina C, Di Stefano G. Doxorubicin coupled to lactosaminated human albumin: a hepatocellular carcinoma targeted drug. Drug Discov Today 2008; 13:1002-9. [PMID: 18755287 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide. There is a substantial need for new chemotherapeutic drugs effective against this tumor. Doxorubicin (DOXO), used for chemoembolization of HCCs, is poorly efficacious when administered systemically at conventional doses; dose escalation is hindered by unacceptable toxicity. Here, we review preclinical experiments showing that the efficacy of DOXO against HCCs and its safety increased following conjugation to lactosaminated human albumin (L-HSA). L-HSA-DOXO was initially prepared to improve the anticancer activity of the drug on well-differentiated HCCs, which actively internalize L-HSA by means of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. Unexpectedly, it was found that the conjugate enhanced DOXO concentrations in all forms of HCCs, independently of their differentiation grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fiume
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Italy.
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Beljaars L, Poelstra K, Molema G, Meijer DK. Targeting of sugar- and charge-modified albumins to fibrotic rat livers: the accessibility of hepatic cells after chronic bile duct ligation. J Hepatol 1998; 29:579-88. [PMID: 9824267 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(98)80153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In normal rat livers, cell-selective delivery of drugs to hepatocytes, endothelial cells and Kupffer cells can be achieved by coupling drugs to lactosaminated human serum albumin (lacHSA), succinylated HSA (sucHSA) and mannosylated HSA (manHSA), respectively. Since fibrosis is associated with increased matrix deposition and sinusoidal capillarization, and since these modified albumins may serve as carriers for anti-fibrotic drugs, we determined the hepatic disposition of these albumins in rats with liver fibrosis. METHODS At different time points after bile duct ligation, a bolus dose of either lacHSA, sucHSA or manHSA (fluorescein labelled) was intravenously injected and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. Organ distributions of the 125I-labelled carriers were assessed in normal and fibrotic rats. In addition, their intrahepatic distributions were determined by immunohistochemical inspection. RESULTS In rats with liver fibrosis, the plasma disappearance rate of the three proteins was significantly altered as compared to control rats. A moderately decreased clearance for lacHSA, an increased plasma clearance for manHSA and sucHSA, and an increased volume of distribution for all three proteins was found. Despite these pharmacokinetic alterations, tissue distribution studies still showed selective accumulation of the three modified proteins in livers of diseased animals. Moreover, the intrahepatic distribution of these drug-carriers during fibrosis was similar to distribution in normal livers. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that cell-specific delivery of sugar- and charge-modified albumins in fibrotic livers is possible. Despite the increased matrix deposition during fibrosis, the accessibility of the different liver cell types for the carriers was not significantly altered as compared to normal livers. The availability of a complete set of carriers for the different liver cell types provides opportunities for the development of effective therapeutic strategies based on drug targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Beljaars
- Groningen Utrecht Institute for Drug Exploration, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Delivery, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Inhibition of woodchuck hepatitis virus replication by adenine arabinoside monophosphate coupled to lactosaminated poly-L-lysine and administered by intramuscular route. Hepatology 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840220409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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Di Stefano G, Busi C, Mattioli A, Fiume L. Selective delivery to the liver of antiviral nucleoside analogs coupled to a high molecular mass lactosaminated poly-L-lysine and administered to mice by intramuscular route. Biochem Pharmacol 1995; 49:1769-75. [PMID: 7541203 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(95)00020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain hepatotropic conjugates of antiviral drugs suitable for intramuscular administration, three nucleoside analogs (adenine arabinoside monophosphate, ribavirin and azidothymidine) were coupled to a high molecular mass lactosaminated poly-L-lysine. The conjugates had a high molar ratio drug/conjugate and after intramuscular administration to mice, were selectively taken up by the liver and eliminated by the kidney only in minute quantities. The high molar ratio and low renal elimination are important properties not possessed by conjugates previously prepared by using a small molecular mass lactosaminated poly-L-lysine. The conjugate with adenine arabinoside monophosphate (ara-AMP) was found to be devoid of acute toxicity for mice and in spite of its high molecular dimension (Mn = ca. 72,500) did not induce antibodies in this animal after repeated intramuscular injections. This conjugate could have two advantages over a similar complex of ara-AMP with lactosaminated human albumin currently under clinical trials for the treatment of chronic type B hepatitis which must be injected intravenously: it might provide better patient compliance since it is injectable intramuscularly and could introduce larger amounts of ara-AMP into hepatocytes due to its higher drug/carrier molar ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Patologia sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Glycotargeting relies on carrier molecules possessing carbohydrates that are recognized and internalized by cell surface mammalian lectins. Numerous types of glycotargeting vehicles have been designed based on the covalent attachment of saccharides to proteins, polymers and other aglycones. These carriers have found their major applications in antiviral therapy, immunoactivation, enzyme replacement therapy and gene therapy. This review compared different types of glycotargeting agents and the lectins which have been successfully targeted to treat both model and human diseases. It may be concluded that the discovery of new mammalian lectins which endocytose their ligands will lead to the rapid development of new glycotargeting agents founded on the principles of carbohydrate-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Wadhwa
- College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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Fiume L, Di Stefano G, Busi C, Mattioli A. A conjugate of lactosaminated poly-L-lysine with adenine arabinoside monophosphate, administered to mice by intramuscular route, accomplishes a selective delivery of the drug to the liver. Biochem Pharmacol 1994; 47:643-50. [PMID: 7510478 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(94)90126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A conjugate of the antiviral agent adenine arabinoside monophosphate (ara-AMP) with a low molecular mass lactosaminated poly-L-lysine, administered to mice by i.m. route, selectively delivers the drug to the liver. In mice the conjugate is devoid of acute toxicity even at high dose (1.3 mg/g) and injected i.m. for 20 days does not induce antibodies. Moreover it is highly soluble in water; this means that a pharmacologically active dose may be administered in a small volume compatible with the i.m. route. Compared to the similar ara-AMP complex with lactosaminated albumin which must be injected intravenously, the present conjugate might assure a better compliance of patients with hepatitis B virus infection for a long lasting, liver targeted antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fiume
- Dipartimento di Patologia Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Italy
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Nishikawa M, Kamijo A, Fujita T, Takakura Y, Sezaki H, Hashida M. Synthesis and pharmacokinetics of a new liver-specific carrier, glycosylated carboxymethyl-dextran, and its application to drug targeting. Pharm Res 1993; 10:1253-61. [PMID: 7694271 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018949109004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To develop a new carrier system for hepatic targeting, carboxymethyl-dextran (CMD) was modified with galactose and mannose residues (Gal-CMD, Man-CMD), and their disposition characteristics were studied in mice using 14C-labeled dextran. At a dose of 1 mg/kg, i.v.-injected Gal-CMD and Man-CMD rapidly accumulated in the liver parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells, respectively, because of their preferential uptake via carbohydrate receptors in these cells. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that their uptake rates were sufficiently large for selective drug targeting. Targeting of cytosine beta-D-arabinoside (araC) was studied using Gal-CMD as a specific carrier to the hepatocytes. From the conjugate of araC with Gal-CMD, araC was released with a half-life of 36 hr in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and 23 hr in plasma. An in vivo biodistribution study demonstrated a disposition profile of the conjugated araC similar to that of the carrier, and selective delivery to hepatocytes of up to 80% of the dose was achieved. These findings suggest that glycosylated CMDs are carriers with a high affinity to liver parenchymal or nonparenchymal cells without any affinity to other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishikawa
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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Meijer DKF, Ziegler K. Mechanisms for the Hepatic Clearance of Oligopeptides and Proteins. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2898-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Polichetti A, Viti V, Barone P, Colonna F, Fiume L. Prony-Householder method applied to 31P NMR signals: II. Study of conjugates of ara-AMP with lactosaminated albumin. Phys Med Biol 1992; 37:2231-42. [PMID: 1281919 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/37/12/005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Conjugates of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-monophosphate (ara-AMP) with lactosaminated albumin (L-SA), obtained by using two different coupling procedures, produce antibodies in rats and mice which display only a small cross-reactivity. 31P NMR signals from the two conjugates have been examined to clarify whether different lysine and histidine residues are involved in the two reaction pathways. The occurrence of different chemical shifts and linewidths between the two conjugates, as evidenced by processing the signals with the Prony-Householder method, indicates the formation of two different complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Polichetti
- Laboratorio di Fisica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
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Meijer DK, Jansen RW, Molema G. Drug targeting systems for antiviral agents: options and limitations. Antiviral Res 1992; 18:215-58. [PMID: 1416906 DOI: 10.1016/0166-3542(92)90058-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D K Meijer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University Center for Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ponzetto A, Fiume L, Forzani B, Song SY, Busi C, Mattioli A, Spinelli C, Marinelli M, Smedile A, Chiaberge E. Adenine arabinoside monophosphate and acyclovir monophosphate coupled to lactosaminated albumin reduce woodchuck hepatitis virus viremia at doses lower than do the unconjugated drugs. Hepatology 1991; 14:16-24. [PMID: 1712338 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840140104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The woodchuck was selected to study the efficacy of liver-targeted antiviral drugs on hepadnavirus replication. Nineteen woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus were treated with adenine arabinoside monophosphate or acyclovir monophosphate, either free or conjugated with the liver-targeting molecule lactosaminated human serum albumin. Circulating woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA levels remained unchanged in untreated animals and in those receiving the carrier lactosaminated human serum albumin alone; in contrast, they were consistently lower after 5 days of treatment with the antiviral drugs. Free and conjugated adenine arabinoside monophosphate were active at doses of 10 and 0.75 mg/kg, respectively, and free and coupled ACVMP were active at doses of 20 and 2.6 mg/kg, respectively. These results indicate that the dosages of adenine arabinoside monophosphate and acyclovir monophosphate required to inhibit hepadnavirus growth can be sharply reduced by coupling the drugs to lactosaminated human serum albumin.
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Fiume L, Busi C, Mattioli A, Spinelli C, Spinosa G, Bongini A. A conjugate of acyclovir monophosphate with lactosaminated albumin releases the phosphorylated drug in liver cells. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1989; 76:74-6. [PMID: 2725686 DOI: 10.1007/bf00396711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Fiume
- Dipartimento di Patologia sperimentale, Bologna
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Fiume L, Cerenzia MR, Bonino F, Busi C, Mattioli A, Brunetto MR, Chiaberge E, Verme G. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by vidarabine monophosphate conjugated with lactosaminated serum albumin. Lancet 1988; 2:13-5. [PMID: 2455204 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vidarabine (ara A) produces severe dose-dependent side-effects. To examine whether its monophosphate ester (ara-AMP) can be effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B when given in reduced dosage as a conjugate with lactosaminated human serum albumin (L-HSA), which selectively enters hepatocytes, five patients with chronic type B hepatitis (HBsAg/HBV-DNA positive for at least 2 years) were treated with the conjugate. The daily dose of conjugate given (35 mg/kg) contains 1.5 mg ara-AMP, whereas the usual daily dose of free ara-AMP is 5-10 mg/kg. In three patients HBV-DNA fell to undetectable levels and remained negative in two; in one of them anti-HBe developed. In the other two patients HBV-DNA decreased but was detectable during treatment--one received three cycles of therapy, and became HBV-DNA negative and anti-HBe positive 45 days after the end of treatment; the other remained HBeAg/HBV-DNA positive. No adverse effects were observed, and biochemical variables (including aminotransferases) remained unchanged or decreased with viraemia. No antibodies (IgM and IgG classes) that bound the conjugate were detected. Thus L-HSA-ara-AMP inhibits HBV replication as well as free ara-AMP but at a third to a sixth of the dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fiume
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Italy
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