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Zhang M, Zhang J, Yang H, Chen S, Chen X, Huang Y, Chen B, Wu Y, Jiang Q, Guo Y, Wei Y, Lin X, Lan G, Liang J, Jiang H, Guo X. Production of cleavage-resistant phytase transgenic pigs by handmade cloning. Theriogenology 2024; 224:68-73. [PMID: 38754201 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of intensive animal husbandry in the livestock industry, large quantities of manure waste containing phytate phosphorus are being generated. Phytase can effectively solve the problem of high phosphorus pollution in the feces of monogastric animals. Enviropig, which produces phytase in the salivary glands and secretes the enzyme in the saliva, were first generated in 1999. However, phytase is easily inactivated during digestion. To address this problem, cleavage-resistant phytase transgenic pigs were generated using handmade cloning in this study. Transgene construction was improved and three cell lines carrying Cafp were obtained. In total, 810 blastocysts were generated and 712 good-quality were transferred into six recipients. Fourteen piglets were born, of which six survived after weaning. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing results showed that seven (three live and four dead) of the fourteen piglets carried Cafp. Phytase activity in the saliva of the six live cloned pigs was tested at four months of age, and only one pig had 0.155 FTU/mL enzyme activity. The other five pigs may not have been activated in the transgenic parotid gland. Among all the transgenic pigs, the highest phosphorus digestion rate was 59.2% of intake, representing a 25.4% decrease in fecal emission compared to the average of controls. Immunohistochemical results on the three Cafp-positive pigs that died after six months of age showed that the transgene was only expressed in parotid glands, confirming tissue-specific gene expression. In conclusion, cleavage-resistant phytase transgenic pigs were successfully produced through handmade cloning. The cloned pigs offer a unique biological approach to managing phosphorus nutrition and environmental pollution in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Zhang
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Haowen Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Shijin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuemeng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Baojian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Qinyang Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yafen Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yingming Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ganqiu Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Hesheng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Nguyen VK, Somfai T, Salamone D, Thu Huong VT, Le Thi Nguyen H, Huu QX, Hoang AT, Phan HT, Thi Pham YK, Pham LD. Optimization of donor cell cycle synchrony, maturation media and embryo culture system for somatic cell nuclear transfer in the critically endangered Vietnamese Ỉ pig. Theriogenology 2021; 166:21-28. [PMID: 33667861 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to establish an efficient culture system to produce embryos by SCNT of the endangered Vietnamese Ỉ pig. Reducing the serum concentration from 10.0% to 0.2% during culture efficiently synchronized Ỉ pig fibroblasts used as donor cells at the G0/G1 stage. Oocyte maturation in a defined porcine oocyte medium (POM) supplemented with EGF and gonadotrophins resulted in higher cleavage and blastocyst rates compared with a non-defined POM containing pig follicular fluid (but without EGF) and both the defined and non-defined variants of NCSU-37. For embryo culture PZM3 and PZM5 media were superior to NCSU-37, in terms of the percentage of cleaved embryos. Addition of serum to PZM3 medium on Day 5 of culture (Day 0 = SCNT) improved blastocyst development. When SCNT embryos were transferred at the blastocyst stage, 7 of 11 recipients became pregnant. However, live offspring were not obtained. In conclusion, we established a system for the production of Ỉ pig embryos by SCNT and achieved blastocyst production rate at 26.4% by improving culture systems for donor cells, oocytes and embryos culture. Transfer of embryos resulted in pregnancies; however, live offspring were not obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Khanh Nguyen
- Key Lab of Animal Cell Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tamas Somfai
- Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research Division, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901, Japan
| | - Daniel Salamone
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vu Thi Thu Huong
- Key Lab of Animal Cell Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Huong Le Thi Nguyen
- Key Lab of Animal Cell Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Quan Xuan Huu
- Key Lab of Animal Cell Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Au Thi Hoang
- Key Lab of Animal Cell Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hieu Trung Phan
- Key Lab of Animal Cell Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Yen Kim Thi Pham
- Key Lab of Animal Cell Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Lan Doan Pham
- Key Lab of Animal Cell Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Kumbha R, Hosny N, Matson A, Steinhoff M, Hering BJ, Burlak C. Efficient production of GGTA1 knockout porcine embryos using a modified handmade cloning (HMC) method. Res Vet Sci 2019; 128:59-68. [PMID: 31722267 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Handmade cloning is a zona-free nuclear transfer approach and an economical, efficient, and simple micromanipulation-free alternative to dolly based traditional cloning (TC). In this study, based on handmade cloning with minor modifications, an optimized bi-oocyte fusion (BOF) cloning method was established to produce GGTA1 KO porcine embryos using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. The GGTA1 gene is responsible for the generation of Gal epitopes on the surface of porcine cells, triggering hyperacute immune rejection in preclinical porcine-to-human xenotransplantation. The purpose of the present study is to establish an efficient protocol for activation of porcine oocyte cytoplast-fibroblast fused constructs developed to GGTA1 KO blastocysts by the zona-free bi-oocyte fusion cloning method. High percentages of cleavage (90 ± 2.6%) and blastocyst rates (39 ± 4.0%) were achieved upon treatment with demecolcine-assisted oocyte enucleation followed by 6 V alternating current for proper alignment and single-step fusion technique using a single direct current pulse of 1.0 kV/cm for 9 μs duration, compared to the double-step fusion method with combined chemical activation using thimerosal and dithiothreitol. Overall blastocyst rate was higher for oocyte enucleation by demecolcine (0.4 μg/ml) and 45 min incubation (42 ± 1.5%) compared to without demecolcine incubation followed by complete chemical thimerosal/dithiothreitol activation (33 ± 1.1%). The blastocyst rate (39 ± 1.0%) was found to be significantly higher 1 h post-electrofusion, compared to at 0 and 4 h (28 ± 1.5 and 6 ± 1.5%, respectively). Blastocyst development rates for GGTA1 knockout embryos (38 ± 1.76%) were comparable to those obtained with wild-type embryos (41.1 ± 0.67%). In conclusion, we achieved high overall efficiency in production of GGTA1 KO blastocysts by modified HMC protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumbha
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nora Hosny
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suez Canal University Faculty of Medicine, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Anders Matson
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Magie Steinhoff
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bernhard J Hering
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Christopher Burlak
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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Tao C, Li J, Zhang X, Chen B, Chi D, Zeng Y, Niu Y, Wang C, Cheng W, Wu W, Pan Z, Lian J, Liu H, Miao YL. Dynamic Reorganization of Nucleosome Positioning in Somatic Cells after Transfer into Porcine Enucleated Oocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:642-653. [PMID: 28689997 PMCID: PMC5549837 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleosome, the fundamental structural unit of chromatin, is a critical regulator of gene expression. The mechanisms governing changes to nucleosome occupancy and positioning during somatic cell reprogramming remain poorly understood. We established a method for generating genome-wide nucleosome maps of porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEF), reconstructed 1-cell embryos generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and fertilized zygotes (FZ) using MNase sequencing with only 1,000 cells. We found that donor PEF chromatin, especially X chromosome, became more open after transfer into porcine oocytes and nucleosome occupancy decreased in promoters but increased in the genic regions. Nucleosome arrangements around transcriptional start sites of genes with different expression levels in somatic cells tended to become transcriptionally silent in SCNT; however, some pluripotency genes adopted transcriptionally active nucleosome arrangements. FZ and SCNT had similar characteristics, unlike PEF. This study reveals the dynamics and importance of nucleosome positioning and chromatin organization early after reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Tao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Baobao Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Daming Chi
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yaqiong Zeng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yingjie Niu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chengfei Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Wangjun Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zengxiang Pan
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | | | - Honglin Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Kumar D, Sarkhel BC. Differential expression pattern of key regulatory developmental genes in pre-implant zona free cloned vs in vitro fertilized goat embryos. Gene Expr Patterns 2017; 25-26:118-123. [PMID: 28669682 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The success of Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) primarily depends on the extent of reprogramming of donor cells genome. The error of reprogramming may lead to inappropriate expression of embryonic genes at any stage of development. Under the present study the relative expression of different genes related to pluripotency (Oct-4 and Nanog), growth factors (IGF-2 and IGF-2R) and DNA methyltransferase gene (Dnmt-1) was evaluated in SCNT embryos at 8-16 cells, morula and blastocyst stages as compared to IVF group. In SCNT, significantly higher degree of relative expression was observed for Oct-4 in morula (1.41) and blastocysts (1.14) as compared to 8-16 cells (referral stage) whereas in IVF, a lower expression was observed at morula (0.82) stage. The expression of Nanog in SCNT embryos was increased significantly in morula (2.23) and decreased subsequently in blastocyst (0.56), whereas it was increased significantly from 8 to 16 cells to morula (1.62) and blastocyst (4.5) of IVF group. The IGF-2 and IGF-2R showed significantly higher expression rates in morula and blastocysts of SCNT (6.56, 5.90 and 1.11, 1.4) and IVF (8.69, 8.25 and 2.96, 3.91) embryos, respectively as compared to referral stage. The expression of Dnmt-1 was significantly higher in SCNT morula (1.29) and blastocyst (1.15) however in IVF, it was similar in 8-16 cells stage and morula but, higher in blastocyst (1.58). The dissimilar pattern of gene expression of SCNT might be a consequence of incomplete reprogramming of donor nucleus which resulted into lower blastocyst rate of SCNT as compared to IVF embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, M.P., India
| | - Bikash Chandra Sarkhel
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, M.P., India.
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Pan X, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Wang F. Development of interspecies nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed with argali (Ovis ammon) somatic cells and sheep ooplasm. Cell Biol Int 2015; 38:211-8. [PMID: 24123771 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interspecies nuclear transfer has already achieved success in several species, which shows great potential in recovery and conservation of endangered animals. The study was conducted to establish an efficient system for in vitro argali (Ovis ammon)-sheep embryo reconstruction via interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT). The competence of domestic sheep cytoplasts to reprogram the adult argali fibroblast nuclei was evaluated, and the effects of enucleation methods and donor cell passage and cell state on the in vitro development of argali-sheep cloned embryos were also examined. Sheep oocytes could support argali and sheep fibroblast cell nuclei transfer and develop to blastocysts in vitro. Oocytes matured for 21–23 h and enucleated by chemically assisted enucleation (CAE) had a higher enucleation rate than blind enucleation (BE), but the development rate of iSCNTembryos was the same (P>0.05). Moreover, passage numbers of fibroblast cells <10, as well as the cell cycle stages did not affect the development rate of iSCNT reconstructed embryos. Thus sheep cytoplasm successfully supports argali nucleus development to blastocyst stage after optimising the nuclear transfer procedure, which indicates that iSCNT can be used to conserve endangered argali in the near future.
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Siriboon C, Tu CF, Kere M, Liu MS, Chang HJ, Ho LL, Tai ME, Fang WD, Lo NW, Tseng JK, Ju JC. Production of viable cloned miniature pigs by aggregation of handmade cloned embryos at the 4-cell stage. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 26:395-406. [PMID: 23544704 DOI: 10.1071/rd12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to improve the quality of handmade cloned porcine embryos by multiple embryo aggregations. Embryos derived from aggregation of three cloned embryos (3×) had a better blastocyst rate than cloned control (1×) embryos (73.6% vs 35.1%, respectively; P<0.05), but did not differ from those produced by aggregation of two cloned embryos (2×; 63.0%). Total cell numbers differed among treatments (P<0.05), with the greatest cell numbers (126) in the 3× group and the lowest (55) in the control group. The ratio of inner cell mass:total cell number was comparable in the 2× and 3× groups (25.1% vs 26.1%, respectively) and was significantly better than that in the control group (15.3%). The proportion of apoptotic cells in 2× and 3× groups was lower than that in the control group (2.7% and 2.2% vs 4.7%, respectively; P<0.05). Expression of Oct4 and Cdx2 was higher, whereas that of Bax was lower (P<0.05), in the 3× compared with non-aggregate group. Seven piglets were born to two surrogate mothers after embryo transfer of 3× aggregated blastocysts. In conclusion, aggregated embryos had greater total cell numbers and better pluripotency gene expression, with reduced expression of the pro-apoptosis gene Bax. Collectively, these improvement may be associated with the development of cloned embryos to term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawalit Siriboon
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Fu Tu
- Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, 52 Kedung 2 Road, Ding-Pu LII, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Michel Kere
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Sing Liu
- Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, 52 Kedung 2 Road, Ding-Pu LII, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Jung Chang
- Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, 52 Kedung 2 Road, Ding-Pu LII, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lin-Lin Ho
- Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, 52 Kedung 2 Road, Ding-Pu LII, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Miao-En Tai
- Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, 52 Kedung 2 Road, Ding-Pu LII, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Der Fang
- Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, 52 Kedung 2 Road, Ding-Pu LII, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Neng-Wen Lo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, 181, Sec. 3, Taichung Harbor Road, Taichung 407, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jung-Kai Tseng
- School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, 110 Chien-Kuo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jyh-Cherng Ju
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
The effects of cytoplasmic volumes on development and developmental kinetics of in vitro produced porcine embryos were investigated. During hand-made cloning (HMC), selected cytoplasts were separated into two groups according to their size in relation to the initial oocyte: ~75% or ~50%. Following two fusion steps and activation (day 0), reconstructed embryos were cultured in vitro for 6 days. Cleavage rates on day 2 as well as blastocyst rates and cell numbers on day 6 were recorded. Results showed that embryo development was no different for ~50% versus ~75% cytoplasm at first fusion. This result was used in the following experiments, where the effect of varying cytoplasm volume in second fusion to obtain a final cytoplasm volume of ~75% to ~200% was tested. The results showed that the lowest quality was obtained when the final cytoplasm volume was ~75% and the highest quality at ~200% of the original oocyte. Similar results were observed in parthenogenetic (PA) embryos activated with different cytoplasmic volumes. A common pattern for the developmental kinetics of HMC and PA embryos was observed: the smaller group tended to have a longer time for the first two cell cycles, but subsequently a shorter time to form morula and blastocyst. In conclusion, the developmental kinetics of in vitro produced embryos was affected by the cytoplasm volume of the initial oocyte, and this further accounted for the developmental ability of the reconstructed embryos.
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Developmental potential of pig embryos reconstructed by use of sow versus pre-pubertal gilt oocytes after somatic cell nuclear transfer. ZYGOTE 2013; 22:356-65. [DOI: 10.1017/s0967199412000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIn this study, the developmental ability of cloned embryos using gilt versus sow oocytes was evaluated under the hypothesis that the efficiency of nuclear transfer using gilt oocytes was lower than that of sow oocytes, but that it could be optimized. Five experiments were performed with routine production of cloned embryos with sow oocytes serving as the control. Results showed that: Experiment 1: Blastocyst rates of cloned embryos with gilt oocytes was about half compared with control. Experiment 2: An extended maturation time of 48 h used for gilt oocytes resulted in lower blastocyst rates after cloning. Experiment 3: Development of cloned embryos with gilt oocytes was improved by co-culture with sow oocytes. Experiment 4: After maturation of gilt oocytes using follicular fluid from gilt instead of sow, the oocytes were sorted into large and small oocytes, and after cloning, blastocyst rates were higher using large gilt oocytes compared with small oocytes; however, the rate remained lower compared with control. Experiment 5: Six sow recipients received a total of 503 morulae and blastocysts cloned from gilt oocytes (four recipients) and 190 cloned from sow oocytes (two recipients). All recipients became pregnant and went to term, resulting in 26 (gilt oocytes) and six (sow oocytes) piglets. In conclusion, results confirmed that nuclear transfer efficiency was higher using sow versus gilt oocytes, but the use of gilt oocytes can be optimized by sorting after ooplasm size following maturation and by maturing gilt and sow oocytes together.
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Kere M, Siriboon C, Lo NW, Nguyen NT, Ju JC. Ascorbic acid improves the developmental competence of porcine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation and somatic cell nuclear transplantation. J Reprod Dev 2012; 59:78-84. [PMID: 23154385 PMCID: PMC3943238 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2012-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a dose-response assessment was performed to understand the relation
between supplementation of media with L-ascorbic acid or vitamin C and porcine oocyte
maturation and the in vitro development of parthenotes (PA) and handmade
cloned (HMC) embryos. Various concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml) of vitamin C
supplemented in in vitro maturation (IVM) and culture (IVC) media were
tested. None of these vitamin C additions affected nuclear maturation of oocytes, yet
supplementation at 50 µg/ml led to significantly increased intracellular glutathione (GSH)
levels and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS). When cultured in IVM- and/or
IVC-supplemented media, the group supplemented with 50 µg/ml of vitamin C showed improved
cleavage rates, blastocyst rates and total cell numbers per blastocyst (P<0.05)
compared with other groups (control, 25 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml). In contrast, supplementation
with 50 µg/ml vitamin C decreased (P<0.05) the apoptosis index as compared with the
groups supplemented with 100 µg/ml. In addition, even with a lower blastocyst rate to
start with (37.6 vs. 50.3%, P<0.05), supplementation of HMC embryos
with vitamin C ameliorated their blastocyst quality to the extent of PA embryos as
indicated by their total cell numbers (61.2 vs. 59.1). Taken together, an
optimized concentration of vitamin C supplementation in the medium not only improves
blastocyst rates and total cell numbers but also reduces apoptotic indices, whereas
overdosages compromise various aspects of the development of parthenotes and cloned
porcine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Kere
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
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Saraiva NZ, Oliveira CS, Tetzner TAD, de Lima MR, de Melo DS, Niciura SCM, Garcia JM. Chemically assisted enucleation results in higher G6PD expression in early bovine female embryos obtained by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Cell Reprogram 2012; 14:425-35. [PMID: 22908977 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2011.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts, low efficiency is still an issue in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The hypothesis of our study was that the use of cytoplasts produced by chemically assisted enucleation (EN) would improve nuclear reprogramming in nuclear transfer (NT)-derived embryos because it results in lower damage and higher cytoplasm content than conventional EN. For that purpose, we investigated the expression of two X-linked genes: X inactive-specific transcript (XIST) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). In the first experiment, gene expression was assessed in day-7 female blastocysts from embryonic cell NT (ECNT) groups [conventional, ECNT conv; chemically assisted, ECNT deme (demecolcine)]. Whereas in the ECNT conv group, only one embryo (25%; n=4) expressed XIST transcripts, most embryos showed XIST expression (75%; n=4) in the ECNT deme group. However, no significant differences in transcript abundance of XIST and G6PD were found when comparing the embryos from all groups. In a second experiment using somatic cells as nuclear donors, we evaluated gene expression profiles in female SCNT-derived embryos. No significant differences in relative abundance (RA) of XIST transcripts were observed among the groups. Nonetheless, higher (p<0.05) levels of G6PD were observed in SCNT deme and in vitro-derived groups in comparison to SCNT conv. To know whether higher G6PD expression in embryos derived from SCNT chemically assisted EN indicates higher metabolism in embryos considered of superior quality or if the presence of higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels generated by the increased oxygen consumption triggers G6PD activation, the expression of genes related to stress response should be investigated in embryos produced by that technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Zoccal Saraiva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil.
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Vajta G, Callesen H. Establishment of an efficient somatic cell nuclear transfer system for production of transgenic pigs. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1263-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Meng Q, Wu X, Bunch TD, White K, Sessions BR, Davies CJ, Rickords L, Li GP. Enucleation of demecolcine-treated bovine oocytes in cytochalasin-free medium: mechanism investigation and practical improvement. Cell Reprogram 2011; 13:411-8. [PMID: 21740270 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2011.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Demecolcine-assisted/induced enucleation has been used in nuclear transfer cloning procedures for many species, yet its mechanism of action remains unclear. Primarily because oocytoplasm protrusion induced by demecolcine is inhibited by the presence of cytochalasin, its use has had limited application. In this experiment, we investigated the microtubule and microfilament alterations in bovine oocytes after demecolcine and/or cytochalasin B (CB) treatments by immunocytochemical staining. We also examined mechanical enucleation of demecolcine-treated oocytes in cytochalasin-free medium. The results showed that demecolcine-treatment disrupts the balance between microtubule/microfilament interactions primarily by deleting microtubules and with little effect on the microfilaments that we believe accounts for the membrane protrusion. The CB treatment reduced the amount of microfilaments but had little effect on the microtubules. Most demecolcine-induced membrane protrusions disappeared when exposed to CB. Western blotting showed that CB treatment increases G-actin, which indicates a decrease in the microfilaments. High oocyte enucleation, survival, and developmental rates occurred when demecolcine-assisted enucleation was carried out in a CB-free solution. Higher blastocyst development rates and blastocyst cell numbers were achieved compared to control, indicating that CB is not necessary in the enucleation procedure of bovine oocytes. This study provides a clearer understanding of the mechanism for the demecolcine-induced oocyte membrane protrusion, and substantiates the practical use of demecolcine-assisted enucleation in a CB-free environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Meng
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84321, USA.
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14
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Zhang P, Yang ZZ, Dou HW, Li WH, Lv B, Bolund L, DU YT, Tan PP, Ma RL. [Production of porcine blastocysts expressed EGFP by handmade cloning]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2011; 33:527-32. [PMID: 21586400 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2011.00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Production of transgenic animals via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been widely used worldwide. However, the application of SCNT is impeded by overall high costs and low efficiency. Here, we reported a modification of the existing technology in order to overcome some of the disadvantages associated with SCNT. Firstly, a marker gene, enhanced green fluorescent gene (EGFP), was transfected into pig fetal fibroblast cells, and was subsequently screened by fluorescent expression to ensure donor cells expressing EGFP. Porcine embryos expressing EGFP were then produced by a method called handmade cloning (HMC), a simplified method for micromanipulation. To demonstrate the concept, we collected a total of 378 fresh swine oocytes, from which 266 with the nucleus removed, obtained a total of 127 viable recombinant oocytes after fusion with EGFP-expressing cells. In vitro incubation of the 127 recombinant oocytes for approximately 144 hours resulted in successful generation of 65 viable embryos, with an average success rate of 52.1±8.3%. Compared with the traditional SCNT, the method of HMC is not only easy to operate, but also increases the rate of recombinant embryo significantly. Furthermore, the modified method no longer relies on expensive instrument like micromanipulator, facilitating the industrialization of transgenic animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Institute of genetics and developmental biology, Chinese Acdemy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
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Sonic Hedgehog improves in vitro development of porcine parthenotes and handmade cloned embryos. Theriogenology 2011; 74:1149-60. [PMID: 20663544 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the expression of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway and its effect on porcine parthenogenetic (PA) embryo development. The Shh receptor Patched (Ptc1) and co-receptor Smoothened (Smo) were expressed at various stages of PA porcine embryos, at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the transcriptional activator Gli1 mRNA was first present in the 2-cell stage embryos, and was readily detected at the 4-cell stage and beyond. Culture medium supplemented with 0.5 μg/mL Shh optimized blastocyst rates (58.6 vs. 41.1%; P < 0.05) and the total number of cells per blastocyst (56.4 vs. 45.6 cells; P < 0.05); however, this response was prevented by simultaneous addition of 1 mM cyclopamine (an Shh inhibitor). Moreover, blastocysts that developed in medium containing 0.5 μg/mL Shh had lower apoptotic indices and reduced DNA damage (evaluated by TUNEL and comet assays, respectively). Based on Western-blot analysis, expression of phosphorylated Akt protein in Shh-treated blastocysts was higher than that of the control group (1.22- vs. 0.66-fold, P < 0.05), and less total PARP-1/2 protein was accumulated (0.7-fold, P < 0.05) in treated blastocysts compared to untreated controls. Furthermore, supplementation of Shh (1 μg/mL) also supported development of handmade cloned embryos (50.3 vs. 26.8%; P < 0.05) with reduced apoptotic rates (2.8 vs. 6.3%; P < 0.05). We inferred that the Shh signaling pathway existed in porcine PA embryos and we concluded that Shh supplementation improved the quality and developmental competence of early PA embryos, at least in part, by increasing cell proliferation and reducing apoptosis of the developing embryos.
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Increased blastocyst formation of cloned porcine embryos produced with donor cells pre-treated with Xenopus egg extract and/or digitonin. ZYGOTE 2011; 20:61-6. [PMID: 21303584 DOI: 10.1017/s096719941000064x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pre-treating donor cells before somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT, 'cloning') may improve the efficiency of the technology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early development of cloned embryos produced with porcine fibroblasts pre-treated with a permeabilizing agent and extract from Xenopus laevis eggs. In Experiment 1, fetal fibroblasts were permeabilized by digitonin, incubated in egg extract and, after re-sealing of cell membranes, cultured for 3 or 5 days before use as donor cells in handmade cloning (HMC). Controls were produced by HMC with non-treated donor cells. The blastocyst rate for reconstructed embryos increased significantly when digitonin-permeabilized, extract-treated cells were used after 5 days of culture after re-sealing. In Experiment 2, fetal and adult fibroblasts were treated with digitonin alone before re-sealing the cell membranes, then cultured for 3 or 5 days and used as donor cells in HMC. Treatment with digitonin alone increased the blastocyst rate, but only when fetal, and not adult fibroblasts, were used as donor cells, and only after 3 days of culture. In conclusion, we find a time window for increased efficiency of porcine SCNT using donor cells after pre-treatment with permeabilization/re-sealing and Xenopus egg extract. Interestingly, we observe a similar increase in cloning efficiency by permeabilization/re-sealing of donor cells without extract treatment that seems to depend on choice of donor cell type. Thus, pre-treatment of donor cells using permeabilizing treatment followed by re-sealing and in vitro culture for few days could be a simple way to improve the efficiency of porcine cloning.
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McGarry TJ, Bonaguidi M, Lyass L, Kessler JA, Bodily JM, Doglio L. Enucleation of feeder cells and egg cells with psoralens. Dev Dyn 2010; 238:2614-21. [PMID: 19705441 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell nucleus must be inactivated or destroyed in order to generate feeder layers for cultured cells or to prepare recipient egg cells for nuclear transfer. Existing enucleation techniques are either cumbersome or employ toxic chemicals. Here we report a new method to enucleate cells by treatment with a psoralen and long-wave ultraviolet light. The technique is >90% efficient and causes little cytoplasmic damage to the treated cell. We have used psoralen treatment to enucleate a wide variety of cells, including eggs, sperm, HeLa cells, and fibroblasts. Colonies of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human keratinocyte precursors grown on psoralen-treated feeders are indistinguishable from those grown on gamma-irradiated or mitomycin C-treated cells. Psoralen enucleation provides a rapid, simple, and non-toxic method to generate feeder cells. The technique is also useful for nuclear transfer studies in species with large eggs whose cleavage divisions are not regulated by cell-cycle checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J McGarry
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Li GP, White KL, Aston KI, Bunch TD, Hicks B, Liu Y, Sessions BR. Colcemid-treatment of heifer oocytes enhances nuclear transfer embryonic development, establishment of pregnancy and development to term. Mol Reprod Dev 2009; 76:620-8. [PMID: 19170231 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Four experiments were designed to examine the effects of colcemid, a microtubule assembly inhibitor, on the development of bovine nuclear transfer (NT) embryos in vitro and in vivo. Recipient oocytes matured at different times were exposed to colcemid. Approximately 80-93% of the exposed oocytes, with or without the first polar body (PB1), developed obvious membrane projections. In Experiment 1, oocytes matured for either 14-15 or 16-17 hr, treated with colcemid and used as recipient cytoplasm for NT resulted in over 40% blastocyst development. In Experiment 2, oocytes matured for 16-17 hr were treated with either 0.2 or 0.4 microg/ml colcemid for 2-3 or 5-6 hr, respectively. The percentages of blastocyst development (39-42%) were not statistically different among the different colcemid treatment groups, but were both higher (P < 0.05) than the control group (30%). Colcemid concentrations and length of colcemid treatment of oocytes did not affect their ability to support NT embryo development to the blastocyst and hatched blastocyst stages. Results from Experiment 3 indicate that semi-defined medium increases morula and blastocyst development of NT embryos derived from colcemid-treated oocytes under 5% CO2 in air atmosphere. In addition, cell numbers of blastocysts in colcemid-treated groups were numerically higher than the control groups. After embryo transfer, higher (P < 0.05) pregnant rates were obtained from the colcemid-treated group than the nontreated group. Five of 40 recipients (12.5%) which received embryos from colcemid-treated oocytes delivered healthy calves, significantly higher than those recipients (3.3%) that received embryos derived from nontreated oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Peng Li
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84321, USA.
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Malenko GP, Stepanov OI, Komissarov AV, Antipova TA, Pinyugina MV, Prokofiev MI. Efficiency of AsynchronouslyIn Vitro-Matured Oocytes as Recipients for Nuclear Transfer and of Blind Enucleation in Zona-Free Bovine Cloning. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2009; 11:287-92. [DOI: 10.1089/clo.2007.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Galina P. Malenko
- Biotechcenter, Afanasyev Research Institute for Breeding of Fur-Bearing Animals and Rabbits, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gorki Leninskie, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Oleg I. Stepanov
- Biotechcenter, Afanasyev Research Institute for Breeding of Fur-Bearing Animals and Rabbits, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gorki Leninskie, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Komissarov
- Biotechcenter, Afanasyev Research Institute for Breeding of Fur-Bearing Animals and Rabbits, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gorki Leninskie, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Antipova
- Biotechcenter, Afanasyev Research Institute for Breeding of Fur-Bearing Animals and Rabbits, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gorki Leninskie, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Marina V. Pinyugina
- Biotechcenter, Afanasyev Research Institute for Breeding of Fur-Bearing Animals and Rabbits, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gorki Leninskie, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Michael I. Prokofiev
- Biotechcenter, Afanasyev Research Institute for Breeding of Fur-Bearing Animals and Rabbits, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gorki Leninskie, Moscow Region, Russia
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Saraiva NZ, Perecin F, Méo SC, Ferreira CR, Tetzner TAD, Garcia JM. Demecolcine effects on microtubule kinetics and on chemically assisted enucleation of bovine oocytes. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2009; 11:141-52. [PMID: 19226217 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2008.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of demecolcine, a microtubule-depolymerizing agent, on microtubule kinetics; to determine the best concentration of demecolcine as a chemically assisted enucleation agent in metaphase I (MI) and metaphase II (MII) bovine oocytes, and to evaluate the embryonic development after nuclear transfer (NT) using chemically assisted enucleation of recipient oocytes. Oocytes in vitro matured for 12 h (MI) and 21 h (MII) were exposed to several concentrations of demecolcine and evaluated for enucleation or membrane protrusion formation. Demecolcine concentration of 0.05 microg/mL produced the highest rates of enucleation in group MI (15.2%) and protrusion formation in group MII (55.1%), and was employed in the following experiments. Demecolcine effect was seen as early as 0.5 h after treatment, with a significant increase in the frequency of oocytes with complete microtubule depletion in MI (58.9%) and MII (21.8%) compared to initial averages at 0 h (27.4% and 1.9%, respectively). Microtubule repolymerization was observed when MII-treated oocytes were cultured in demecolcine-free medium for 6 h (42.4% oocytes with two evident sets of microtubules). Chemically assisted enucleated oocytes were used as recipient cytoplasts in NT procedures to assess embryonic development. For NT, 219 of 515 oocytes (42.5%) formed protrusions and were enucleated, and reconstructed, resulting in 58 nuclear-transferred one-cell embryos. Cleavage (84.5%) and blastocyst development (27.6%) rates were assessed. In conclusion, demecolcine can be used at lower concentrations than routinely employed, and the chemically assisted enucleation technique was proven to be highly efficient allowing embryonic development in bovine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Zoccal Saraiva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil.
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22
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Li J, Villemoes K, Zhang Y, Du Y, Kragh PM, Purup S, Xue Q, Pedersen AM, Jørgensen AL, Jakobsen JE, Bolund L, Yang H, Vajta G. Efficiency of Two Enucleation Methods Connected to Handmade Cloning to Produce Transgenic Porcine Embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 44:122-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.01007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Lin L, Du Y, Liu Y, Kragh PM, Li J, Purup S, Kuwayama M, Zhang X, Yang H, Bolund L, Vajta G. Elevated NaCl concentration improves cryotolerance and developmental competence of porcine oocytes. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 18:360-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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24
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Lin L, Kragh PM, Purup S, Kuwayama M, Du Y, Zhang X, Yang H, Bolund L, Callesen H, Vajta G. Osmotic stress induced by sodium chloride, sucrose or trehalose improves cryotolerance and developmental competence of porcine oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2009; 21:338-44. [DOI: 10.1071/rd08145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of porcine oocytes to increased concentrations of NaCl prior to manipulation has been reported not only to increase cryotolerance after vitrification, but also to improve developmental competence after somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In the present study we compared the effects of NaCl with those of concentrated solutions of two non-permeable osmotic agents, namely sucrose and trehalose, on the cryotolerance and developmental competence of porcine oocytes. In Experiment 1, porcine in vitro-matured cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs; n = 1200) were exposed to 588 mOsmol NaCl, sucrose or trehalose solutions for 1 h, allowed to recover for a further 1 h, vitrified, warmed and subjected to parthenogenetic activation. Both Day 2 (where Day 0 is the day of activation) cleavage and Day 7 blastocyst rates were significantly increased after NaCl, sucrose and trehalose osmotic treatments compared with untreated controls (cleavage: 46 ± 5%, 44 ± 7%, 45 ± 4% and 26 ± 6%, respectively; expanded blastocyst rate: 6 ± 1%, 6 ± 2%, 7 ± 2% and 1 ± 1%, respectively). In Experiment 2, COCs (n = 2000) were treated with 588 mOsmol NaCl, sucrose or trehalose, then used as recipients for SCNT (Day 0). Cleavage rates on Day 1 did not differ between the NaCl-, sucrose-, trehalose-treated and the untreated control groups (92 ± 3%, 95 ± 3%, 92 ± 2% and 94 ± 2%, respectively), but blastocyst rates on Day 6 were higher in all treated groups compared with control (64 ± 2%, 69 ± 5%, 65 ± 3% and 47 ± 4%, respectively). Cell numbers of Day 6 blastocysts were higher in the control and NaCl-treated groups compared with the sucrose- and trehalose-treated groups. In conclusion, treatment of porcine oocytes with osmotic stress improved developmental competence after vitrification combined with parthenogenetic activation, as well as after SCNT.
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Du Y, Lin L, Schmidt M, Bøgh IB, Kragh PM, Sørensen CB, Li J, Purup S, Pribenszky C, Molnár M, Kuwayama M, Zhang X, Yang H, Bolund L, Vajta G. High hydrostatic pressure treatment of porcine oocytes before handmade cloning improves developmental competence and cryosurvival. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2008; 10:325-30. [PMID: 18479211 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2007.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An innovative technique, called the high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment, has been recently reported to improve the cryosurvival of gametes or embryos in certain mammalian species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo developmental competence and cryotolerance of embryos produced by handmade cloning (HMC) after pressure treatment of recipient oocytes. In vitro-matured porcine oocytes were treated with a sublethal hydrostatic pressure of 20 MPa (200 times greater than atmospheric pressure) and recovered for either 1 or 2 h (HHP1 and HHP2 groups, respectively) before they were used for HMC. After 7 days of in vitro culture, blastocyst rates and mean cell numbers were determined. Randomly selected blastocysts were vitrified with the Cryotop method based on minimum volume cooling procedure. The blastocyst rate was higher in the HHP2 group than in the control group (68.2 +/- 4.1% vs. 46.4 +/- 4.2%; p < 0.01), while there was no difference between HHP1 and control group (52.1 +/- 1.2% vs. 49.0 +/- 2.7%; p > 0.05). Similar mean cell numbers of produced blastocysts were obtained in HHP2 and control groups (56 +/- 4 vs. 49 +/- 5; p > 0.05). Subsequent blastocyst vitrification with the Cryotop method resulted in significantly higher survival rate after thawing in the HHP2 group than in the control group (61.6 +/- 4.0% vs. 30.2 +/- 30.9%; p < 0.01). Fifty-six and 57 day 5 to day 7 fresh blastocysts in HHP1 group were transferred into two recipient sows on day 5 of the estrous cycle. One recipient was diagnosed pregnant and gave birth to two healthy piglets by naturally delivery on day 122 of gestation. This pilot study proved that the sublethal HHP treatment of porcine oocytes before HMC results in improved in vitro developmental competence and cryotolerance, and supports embryonic and fetal development as well as pregnancy establishment and maintenance up to the birth of healthy piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Du
- Population Genetics and Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Aarhus, Tjele, Denmark
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Lan GC, Wu YG, Han D, Ge L, Liu Y, Wang HL, Wang JZ, Tan JH. Demecolcine-assisted enucleation of goat oocytes: protocol optimization, mechanism investigation, and application to improve the developmental potential of cloned embryos. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2008; 10:189-202. [PMID: 18373477 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2007.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although demecolcine-assisted enucleation has been performed successfully in porcine and cattle, the mechanism and protocol optimization of chemically assisted enucleation need further investigation. The present study optimized the protocol for goat oocyte enucleation and demonstrated that a 30-min treatment with 0.8 ng/mL demecolcine-induced cytoplasmic protrusions in over 90% of the oocytes. Rates of enucleation, cell fusion, and blastocyst formation were significantly higher after demecolcine-assisted than after blind aspiration enucleation, although differences in rates of live births remain to be unequivocally determined between the two treatments. The ability to form protrusions decreased significantly as spindles became less organized in aged oocytes and the oocytes with a poor cumulus expansion. More than 93% of the demecolcine-induced protrusions persisted for 2 h in the absence of cytochalasin B (CB) but most disappeared within 30 min of CB treatment. The spindle disintegrated, an actin-rich ring formed around the chromosome mass and the MAP kinase activity increased significantly after demecolcine treatment. When oocytes with induced protrusions were treated with CB, however, the contractile ring disappeared, the spindle reintegrated, and both MPF and MAP kinase activities decreased significantly. It is concluded that (1) cytoplasmic protrusions can be induced in goat oocytes with a very low concentration of demecolcine; (2) oocyte selection and enucleation can be achieved simultaneously with demecolcine treatment; and (3) an interactive effect between the MAP kinase, MPF, microfilaments and microtubules might be implicated in the control of cytoplasmic protrusion formation after demecolcine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Cheng Lan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City 271018, People's Republic of China
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High in vitro development after somatic cell nuclear transfer and trichostatin A treatment of reconstructed porcine embryos. Theriogenology 2008; 70:800-8. [PMID: 18573521 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal epigenetic modification is supposed to be one of factors accounting for inefficient reprogramming of the donor cell nuclei in ooplasm after somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Trichostatin A (TSA) is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, potentially enhancing cloning efficiency. The aim of our present study was to establish the optimal TSA treatment in order to improve the development of handmade cloned (HMC) porcine embryos and examine the effect of TSA on their development. The blastocyst percentage of HMC embryos treated with 37.5 nM TSA for 22-24 h after activation increased up to 80% (control group-54%; P<0.05). TSA mediated increase in histone acetylation was proved by immunofluorescence analysis of acH3K9 and acH4K16. 2-cell stage embryos derived from TSA treatment displayed significant increase in histone acetylation compared to control embryos, whereas no significant differences were observed at blastocyst stage. During time-lapse monitoring, no difference was observed in the kinetics of 2-cell stage embryos. Compact morula (CM) stage was reached 15 h later in TSA treated embryos compared to the control. Blastocysts (Day 5 and 6) from HMC embryos treated with TSA were transferred to 2 recipients resulting in one pregnancy and birth of one live and five dead piglets. Our data demonstrate that TSA treatment after HMC in pigs may affect reprogramming of the somatic genome resulting in higher in vitro embryo development, and enable full-term in vivo development.
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Du Y, Li J, Kragh PM, Zhang Y, Schmidt M, Bøgh IB, Zhang X, Purup S, Kuwayama M, Jørgensen AL, Pedersen AM, Villemoes K, Yang H, Bolund L, Vajta G. Piglets Born from Vitrified Cloned Blastocysts Produced with a Simplified Method of Delipation and Nuclear Transfer. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2007; 9:469-76. [DOI: 10.1089/clo.2007.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Du
- Population Genetics and Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Tjele, Denmark
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-800 Aarhus, Denmark
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Population Genetics and Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Tjele, Denmark
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-800 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter M. Kragh
- Population Genetics and Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Tjele, Denmark
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-800 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- Population Genetics and Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Tjele, Denmark
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mette Schmidt
- Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ingrid B. Bøgh
- Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Stig Purup
- Nutrition and Production Physiology, Institute of Animal Health, Welfare and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - Arne L. Jørgensen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-800 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anette M. Pedersen
- Population Genetics and Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Klaus Villemoes
- Population Genetics and Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Huanming Yang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lars Bolund
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-800 Aarhus, Denmark
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gábor Vajta
- Population Genetics and Embryology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Tjele, Denmark
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Du Y, Kragh PM, Zhang Y, Li J, Schmidt M, Bøgh IB, Zhang X, Purup S, Jørgensen AL, Pedersen AM, Villemoes K, Yang H, Bolund L, Vajta G. Piglets born from handmade cloning, an innovative cloning method without micromanipulation. Theriogenology 2007; 68:1104-10. [PMID: 17889304 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porcine handmade cloning (HMC), a simplified alternative of micromanipulation based traditional cloning (TC) has been developed in multiple phases during the past years, but the final evidence of its biological value, births of piglets was missing. Here we report the first births of healthy piglets after transfer of blastocysts produced by HMC. As a cumulative effect of technical optimization, 64.3+/-2.3 (mean+/-S.E.M.) reconstructed embryos from 151.3+/-4.8 oocytes could be obtained after 3-4h manual work, including 1h pause between fusion and activation. About half (50.1+/-2.8%, n=16) of HMC reconstructed embryos developed to blastocysts with an average cell number of 77+/-3 (n=26) after 7 days in vitro culture (IVC). According to our knowledge, this is the highest in vitro developmental rate after porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). A total of 416 blastocysts from HMC, mixed with 150 blastocysts from TC using a cell line from a different breed were transferred surgically to nine synchronized recipients. Out of the four pregnancies (44.4%) two were lost, while two pregnancies went to term and litters of 3 and 10 piglets were delivered by Caesarean section, with live birth/transferred embryo efficiency of 17.2% (10/58) for HMC. Although more in vivo experiments are still needed to further stabilize the system, our data proves that porcine HMC may result in birth of healthy offspring. Future comparative examinations are required to prove the value of the new technique for large-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Du
- Population Genetics and Embryology, Insitute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Vajta G. Handmade cloning: the future way of nuclear transfer? Trends Biotechnol 2007; 25:250-3. [PMID: 17434218 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The topic of this review is an alternative technique for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Removal of the zona pellucida facilitates manipulations of mammalian oocytes and early embryos, and problems related to their subsequent culture are commonly overestimated. This approach enables radical modifications to somatic cell nuclear transfer, and the handmade cloning (HMC) technique is now successfully applied to an increasing numbers of species. HMC radically decreases costs and the need for a skilled workforce; furthermore, it increases productivity, enables cryopreservation, and results in birth rates comparable, or even higher, than those achievable by micromanipulation-based traditional cloning (TC). The new technique can accelerate technology transfer and standardization and, eventually, might contribute to the widespread application of cloning. Additionally, HMC offers unique possibilities for the automation of somatic cell nuclear transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Vajta
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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