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Huang C, Clark GG, Zaki FR, Won J, Ning R, Boppart SA, Elbanna AE, Nguyen TH. Effects of phosphate and silicate on stiffness and viscoelasticity of mature biofilms developed with simulated drinking water. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:36-46. [PMID: 36847486 PMCID: PMC10065970 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2177538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms, a porous matrix of cells aggregated with extracellular polymeric substances under the influence of chemical constituents in the feed water, can develop a viscoelastic response to mechanical stresses. In this study, the roles of phosphate and silicate, common additives in corrosion control and meat processing, on the stiffness, viscoelasticity, porous structure networks, and chemical properties of biofilm were investigated. Three-year biofilms on PVC coupons were grown from sand-filtered groundwater with or without one of the non-nutrient (silicate) or nutrient additives (phosphate or phosphate blends). Compared with non-nutrient additives, the phosphate and phosphate-blend additives led to a biofilm with the lowest stiffness, most viscoelastic, and more porous structure, including more connecting throats with greater equivalent radii. The phosphate-based additives also led to more organic species in the biofilm matrix than the silicate additive did. This work demonstrated that nutrient additives could promote biomass accumulation but also reduce mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Gemma G. Clark
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Farzana R. Zaki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jungeun Won
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Runsen Ning
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 506 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 306 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ahmed E. Elbanna
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Thanh H. Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 506 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Optimizing application parameters for lactic acid and sodium metasilicate against pathogens on fresh beef, pork and deli meats. Meat Sci 2016; 118:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Wang Y, Zeng X, Zhou Z, Xing K, Tessema A, Zeng H, Tian J. Inhibitory effect of nerol against Aspergillus niger on grapes through a membrane lesion mechanism. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Sharma CS, Williams SK, Schneider KR, Schmidt RH, Rodrick GE. Mechanism of antimicrobial action of sodium metasilicate against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:995-1001. [PMID: 23980709 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium metasilicate (SMS) is an alkaline antimicrobial approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for use in poultry processing and ready-to-eat poultry products. The objectives of this study were to determine the effectiveness of SMS against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in suspension and to elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of action of SMS. Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) was exposed to 0 (positive control), 0.5%, 1%, 2% (wt/vol) SMS and 0.1 N NaOH (high pH) solutions for 1, 10, and 30 min. The viability of Salmonella Typhimurium cells treated with different SMS concentrations and high pH was determined on selective and nonselective media and by staining with fluorescent propidium iodide (PI) and SYTO9 nucleic acid stains in combination with flow cytometry. Transmission electron microscopy of Salmonella Typhimurium cells was performed to observe the changes at the cellular level following exposure to SMS and high pH treatments. Treating Salmonella Typhimurium cells with SMS (as low as 0.5%) resulted in immediate inactivation of Salmonella with no detectable survivors. The breakage in membrane integrity and loss of cell viability was observed by PI uptake by cells treated with SMS with subsequent flow cytometry. Salmonella Typhimurium cells exposed to SMS and high pH appeared wrinkled, vacuolated, and lysed with their cytoplasmic material leaking into extracellular matrix on transmission electron micrographs. The findings from this study indicate that SMS acts on the cytoplasmic membrane and causes lysis of the cells and leakage of intracellular contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chander Shekhar Sharma
- 1 Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University , Mississippi State, Mississippi
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