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Awotoye W, Mossey PA, Hetmanski JB, Gowans LJ, Eshete MA, Adeyemo WL, Alade A, Zeng E, Adamson O, James O, Fashina A, Ogunlewe MO, Naicker T, Adeleke C, Busch T, Li M, Petrin A, Oladayo A, Kayali S, Olotu J, Sule V, Hassan M, Pape J, Aladenika ET, Donkor P, Arthur FK, Obiri-Yeboah S, Sabbah DK, Agbenorku P, Ray D, Plange-Rhule G, Oti AA, Albokhari D, Sobreira N, Dunnwald M, Beaty TH, Taub M, Marazita ML, Adeyemo AA, Murray JC, Butali A. Damaging Mutations in AFDN Contribute to Risk of Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024; 61:697-705. [PMID: 36384317 PMCID: PMC10185709 DOI: 10.1177/10556656221135926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel or rare damaging mutations have been implicated in the developmental pathogenesis of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL ± P). Thus, we investigated the human genome for high-impact mutations that could explain the risk of nsCL ± P in our cohorts. We conducted next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of 130 nsCL ± P case-parent African trios to identify pathogenic variants that contribute to the risk of clefting. We replicated this analysis using whole-exome sequence data from a Brazilian nsCL ± P cohort. Computational analyses were then used to predict the mechanism by which these variants could result in increased risks for nsCL ± P. We discovered damaging mutations within the AFDN gene, a cell adhesion molecule (CAMs) that was previously shown to contribute to cleft palate in mice. These mutations include p.Met1164Ile, p.Thr453Asn, p.Pro1638Ala, p.Arg669Gln, p.Ala1717Val, and p.Arg1596His. We also discovered a novel splicing p.Leu1588Leu mutation in this protein. Computational analysis suggests that these amino acid changes affect the interactions with other cleft-associated genes including nectins (PVRL1, PVRL2, PVRL3, and PVRL4) CDH1, CTNNA1, and CTNND1. This is the first report on the contribution of AFDN to the risk for nsCL ± P in humans. AFDN encodes AFADIN, an important CAM that forms calcium-independent complexes with nectins 1 and 4 (encoded by the genes PVRL1 and PVRL4). This discovery shows the power of NGS analysis of multiethnic cleft samples in combination with a computational approach in the understanding of the pathogenesis of nsCL ± P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Awotoye
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter A. Mossey
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jacqueline B. Hetmanski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lord J.J Gowans
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mekonen A. Eshete
- Addis Ababa University, School Medicine, Surgical Department, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wasiu L. Adeyemo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria
| | - Azeez Alade
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Erliang Zeng
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Olawale Adamson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria
| | - Olutayo James
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria
| | - Azeez Fashina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria
| | - Modupe O Ogunlewe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria
| | - Thirona Naicker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Chinyere Adeleke
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tamara Busch
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mary Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aline Petrin
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Abimbola Oladayo
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sami Kayali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joy Olotu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Port Harcourt
| | - Veronica Sule
- Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mohaned Hassan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John Pape
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Emmanuel T. Aladenika
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Donkor
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Fareed K.N. Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Solomon Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Maxillofacial Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel K. Sabbah
- Department of Child Oral Health and Orthodontics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Pius Agbenorku
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Debashree Ray
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gyikua Plange-Rhule
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Acheampong Oti
- Department of Maxillofacial Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniah Albokhari
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Nara Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | | | - Terri H. Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret Taub
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Azeez Butali
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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