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Stefanoudakis D, Frountzas M, Schizas D, Michalopoulos NV, Drakaki A, Toutouzas KG. Significance of TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4 and KRAS in Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2827-2844. [PMID: 38666907 PMCID: PMC11049225 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review demonstrates the major tumor suppressor genes, including TP53, CDKN2A and SMAD4, associated with pancreatic cancer. Each gene's role, prevalence and impact on tumor development and progression are analyzed, focusing on the intricate molecular landscape of pancreatic cancer. In addition, this review underscores the prognostic significance of specific mutations, such as loss of TP53, and explores some potential targeted therapies tailored to these molecular signatures. The findings highlight the importance of genomic analyses for risk assessment, early detection and the design of personalized treatment approaches in pancreatic cancer. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular intricacies of pancreatic tumors, paving the way for more effective and tailored therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Stefanoudakis
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Maximos Frountzas
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos V. Michalopoulos
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Konstantinos G. Toutouzas
- First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (N.V.M.)
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Duan SL, Jiang Y, Li GQ, Fu W, Song Z, Li LN, Li J. Research insights into the chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTM): their roles in various tumors. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16757. [PMID: 38223763 PMCID: PMC10787544 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing (CMTM) family includes CMTM1-8 and CKLF, and they play key roles in the hematopoietic, immune, cardiovascular, and male reproductive systems, participating in the physiological functions, cancer, and other diseases associated with these systems. CMTM family members activate and chemoattract immune cells to affect the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells through a similar mechanism, the structural characteristics typical of chemokines and transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF). In this review, we discuss each CMTM family member's chromosomal location, involved signaling pathways, expression patterns, and potential roles, and mechanisms of action in pancreatic, breast, gastric and liver cancers. Furthermore, we discuss several clinically applied tumor therapies targeted at the CMTM family, indicating that CMTM family members could be novel immune checkpoints and potential targets effective in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Li Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha Province, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha Province, Hunan, China
| | - Yingke Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha Province, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha Province, Hunan, China
| | - Weijie Fu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha Province, Hunan, China
| | - Zewen Song
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha Province, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Nan Li
- Department of Oncology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Oncology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Srilatha M, Malla R, Adem MP, Foote JB, Nagaraju GP. Obesity associated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Therapeutic challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:12-20. [PMID: 37926347 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a prominent health issue worldwide and directly impacts pancreatic health, with obese individuals exhibiting a significant risk for increasing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Several factors potentially explain the increased risk for the development of PDAC, including obesity-induced chronic inflammation within and outside of the pancreas, development of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction, promotion of immune suppression within the pancreas during inflammation, pre- and malignant stages, variations in hormones levels (adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin) produced from the adipose tissue, and acquisition of somatic mutations in tumor once- and suppressor proteins critical for pancreatic tumorigenesis. In this manuscript, we will explore the broad impact of these obesity-induced risk factors on the development and progression of PDAC, focusing on changes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) as they pertain to prevention, current therapeutic strategies, and future directions for targeting obesity management as they relate to the prevention of pancreatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mundla Srilatha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502, India
| | - Ramarao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| | - Megha Priya Adem
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502, India
| | - Jeremy B Foote
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Greendyk JD, Allen WE, Alexander HR, Beninato T, Eskander MF, Grandhi MS, Kennedy TJ, Langan RC, Maggi JC, De S, Court CM, Ecker BL. Association between SMAD4 Mutations and GATA6 Expression in Paired Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Tumor Specimens: Data from Two Independent Molecularly-Characterized Cohorts. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3058. [PMID: 38002058 PMCID: PMC10669842 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Several molecular biomarkers have been identified to guide induction treatment selection for localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). SMAD4 alterations and low GATA6 expression/modified "Moffitt" basal-like phenotype have each been associated with inferior survival uniquely for patients receiving 5-FU-based therapies. SMAD4 may directly regulate the expression of GATA6 in PDAC, pointing to a common predictive biomarker. To evaluate the relationship between SMAD4 mutations and GATA6 expression in human PDAC tumors, patients with paired SMAD4 mutation and GATA6 mRNA expression data in the TCGA and CPTAC were identified. In 321 patients (TCGA: n = 180; CPTAC: n = 141), the rate of SMAD4 alterations was 26.8%. The rate of SMAD4 alteration did not vary per tertile of normalized GATA6 expression (TCGA: p = 0.928; CPTAC: p = 0.828). In the TCGA, SMAD4 alterations and the basal-like phenotype were each associated with worse survival (log rank p = 0.077 and p = 0.080, respectively), but their combined presence did not identify a subset with uniquely inferior survival (p = 0.943). In the CPTAC, the basal-like phenotype was associated with significantly worse survival (p < 0.001), but the prognostic value was not influenced by the combined presence of SMAD4 alterations (p = 0.960). SMAD4 alterations were not associated with poor clinico-pathological features such as poor tumor grade, advanced tumor stage, positive lymphovascular invasion (LVI), or positive perineural invasion (PNI), compared with SMAD4-wildtype. Given that SMAD4 mutations were not associated with GATA6 expression or Moffitt subtype in two independent molecularly characterized PDAC cohorts, distinct biomarker-defined clinical trials are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Greendyk
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Health, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (J.D.G.); (W.E.A.)
| | - William E. Allen
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Health, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (J.D.G.); (W.E.A.)
| | - H. Richard Alexander
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Toni Beninato
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mariam F. Eskander
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Miral S. Grandhi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Timothy J. Kennedy
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Russell C. Langan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA
| | - Jason C. Maggi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA
| | - Subhajyoti De
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Colin M. Court
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
| | - Brett L. Ecker
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (H.R.A.); (T.B.); (M.F.E.); (M.S.G.); (T.J.K.); (R.C.L.); (J.C.M.); (S.D.)
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA
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Maloney S, Clarke SJ, Sahni S, Hudson A, Colvin E, Mittal A, Samra J, Pavlakis N. The role of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in the management of early pancreatic cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13437-13450. [PMID: 37460806 PMCID: PMC10587199 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite modern advances in cancer medicine, pancreatic cancer survival remains unchanged at just 12%. For the small proportion of patients diagnosed with 'early' (upfront or borderline resectable) disease, recurrences are common, and many recur soon after surgery. Whilst chemotherapy has been shown to increase survival in this cohort, the morbidity of surgery renders many candidates unsuitable for adjuvant treatment. Due to this, and the success of upfront chemotherapy in the advanced setting, use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been introduced in patients with upfront or borderline resectable disease. Randomized controlled trials have been conducted to compare upfront surgery to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in this patient cohort, opinions on the ideal upfront treatment approach are divided. This lack of consensus has highlighted the need for biomarkers to assist in clinical decision making. This review analyses the potential diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers that may assist in the diagnosis and management of early (upfront and borderline resectable) pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Maloney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia.
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Clarke
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
| | - Amanda Hudson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
| | - Emily Colvin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
| | - Anubhav Mittal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Jaswinder Samra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Nick Pavlakis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2065, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
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Sarfraz H, Saha A, Jhaveri K, Kim DW. Review of Current Systemic Therapy and Novel Systemic Therapy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:5322-5336. [PMID: 37366887 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review aims to describe the systemic treatment options for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and includes a summary of the current treatments as well as the ongoing clinical trials which may be efficacious in the treatment of this aggressive malignancy. METHODS A literature review was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed between August 1996 and February 2023. The reviewed studies are categorized into these categories: current standard of care treatments, targeted therapies, immunotherapy and clinical trials. The current treatment modality for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer is mainly systemic chemotherapy. RESULTS The introduction of polychemotherapy regimens including gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel and FOLFIRINOX (oxaliplatin, irinotecan, folinic acid and fluorouracil) has improved the clinical outcome of advanced pancreatic cancer. For further improvement in clinical outcomes, several novel approaches have been extensively studied in pancreatic cancer. The review discusses the current standard chemotherapy regimen and the novel treatment options in the field. CONCLUSIONS While there are novel treatments being explored for metastatic pancreatic, it remains a debilitating and aggressive disease with high mortality that warrants continued efforts to advance therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Sarfraz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Aditi Saha
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Khushali Jhaveri
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Shen H, Lundy J, Strickland AH, Harris M, Swan M, Desmond C, Jenkins BJ, Croagh D. KRAS G12D Mutation Subtype in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Does It Influence Prognosis or Stage of Disease at Presentation? Cells 2022; 11:cells11193175. [PMID: 36231137 PMCID: PMC9562007 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: KRAS G12D mutation subtype is present in over 40% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the leading global causes of cancer death. This retrospective cohort study aims to investigate whether detection of the KRAS G12D mutation subtype in PDAC patients is a determinant of prognosis across all stages of disease. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 231 patients presenting with PDAC at a large tertiary hospital, and compared survival using the Kaplan Meier, log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: KRAS G12D mutation subtype was not significantly associated with poorer survival compared across the whole population of PDAC patients (p = 0.107; HR 1.293 95% CI (0.946-1.767)). However, KRAS G12D patients who were resectable had a shorter median survival time of 356 days compared to all other genotypes (median survival 810 days) (p = 0.019; HR 1.991 95% CI (1.121-3.537)). Conclusions: KRAS G12D patients who were resectable at diagnosis had shorter survival compared to all other PDAC patients. These data suggest that KRAS G12D may be a clinically useful prognostic biomarker of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Shen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Joanne Lundy
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew H. Strickland
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Marion Harris
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael Swan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Christopher Desmond
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Brendan J. Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel Croagh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-428-121-121; Fax: +61-3-9543-3805
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Zhang F, Lin J, Feng D, Liang J, Lu Y, Liu Z, Wang X. Cuprotosis-related signature predicts overall survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:922995. [PMID: 36247012 PMCID: PMC9562982 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.922995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cuprotosis is a new form of programmed cell death induced by copper. We explored the correlation of cuprotosis with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and constructed a cuprotosis-related signature to predict the prognosis of patients with ccRCC. Methods: The clinical and transcriptomic data of ccRCC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), cBioPortal, and GEO databases, and cuprotosis-related gene sets were contained in the previous study. A cuprotosis-related signature was developed based on data from TCGA and verified by data from cBioPortal and GEO databases. The immune cell infiltrates and the corresponding signature risk scores were investigated. Two independent cohorts of clinical trials were analyzed to explore the correlation of the signature risk score with immune therapy response. Results: A signature containing six cuprotosis-related genes was identified and can accurately predict the prognosis of ccRCC patients. Patients with downregulated copper-induced programmed death had a worse overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.39–2.59, p < 0.001). The higher signature risk score was significantly associated with male gender (p = 0.026), higher tumor stage (p < 0.001), and higher histological grade (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the signature risk score was positively correlated with the infiltration of B cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, Tregs, and T cells, whereas it was negatively correlated with eosinophils, mast cells, and neutrophils. However, no correlation between cuprotosis and response to anti-PD-1 therapy was found. Conclusion: We established a cuprotosis signature, which can predict the prognosis of patients with ccRCC. Cuprotosis was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltrates in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyu Lin
- West China Clinical Medical College, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayu Liang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihong Liu, ; Xianding Wang,
| | - Xianding Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihong Liu, ; Xianding Wang,
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Rahman MA, Ahmed KR, Rahman MDH, Parvez MAK, Lee IS, Kim B. Therapeutic Aspects and Molecular Targets of Autophagy to Control Pancreatic Cancer Management. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061459. [PMID: 35740481 PMCID: PMC9220066 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) begins within the organ of the pancreas, which produces digestive enzymes, and is one of the formidable cancers for which appropriate treatment strategies are urgently needed. Autophagy occurs in the many chambers of PC tissue, including cancer cells, cancer-related fibroblasts, and immune cells, and can be fine-tuned by various promotive and suppressive signals. Consequently, the impacts of autophagy on pancreatic carcinogenesis and progression depend greatly on its stage and conditions. Autophagy inhibits the progress of preneoplastic damage during the initial phase. However, autophagy encourages tumor formation during the development phase. Several studies have reported that both a tumor-promoting and a tumor-suppressing function of autophagy in cancer that is likely cell-type dependent. However, autophagy is dispensable for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth, and clinical trials with autophagy inhibitors, either alone or in combination with other therapies, have had limited success. Autophagy’s dual mode of action makes it therapeutically challenging despite autophagy inhibitors providing increased longevity in medical studies, highlighting the need for a more rigorous review of current findings and more precise targeting strategies. Indeed, the role of autophagy in PC is complicated, and numerous factors must be considered when transitioning from bench to bedside. In this review, we summarize the evidence for the tumorigenic and protective role of autophagy in PC tumorigenesis and describe recent advances in the understanding of how autophagy may be regulated and controlled in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.R.A.); (M.H.R.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (B.K.)
| | - Kazi Rejvee Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.R.A.); (M.H.R.)
| | - MD. Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.R.A.); (M.H.R.)
| | | | - In-Seon Lee
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (K.R.A.); (M.H.R.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (B.K.)
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Pekarek L, Fraile-Martinez O, Garcia-Montero C, Saez MA, Barquero-Pozanco I, del Hierro-Marlasca L, de Castro Martinez P, Romero-Bazán A, Alvarez-Mon MA, Monserrat J, García-Honduvilla N, Buján J, Alvarez-Mon M, Guijarro LG, Ortega MA. Clinical Applications of Classical and Novel Biological Markers of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081866. [PMID: 35454771 PMCID: PMC9029823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma have increased in recent years. Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer death, but it is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality by 2040. Most patients are diagnosed in an advanced stage of the disease, with very limited 5-year survival. The discovery of different tissue markers has elucidated the underlying pathophysiology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and allowed stratification of patient risk at different stages and assessment of tumour recurrence. Due to the invasive capacity of this tumour and the absence of screening markers, new immunohistochemical and serological markers may be used as prognostic markers for recurrence and in the study of possible new therapeutic targets because the survival of these patients is low in most cases. The present article reviews the currently used main histopathological and serological markers and discusses the main characteristics of markers under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (O.F.-M.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Cielo Garcia-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Ines Barquero-Pozanco
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Laura del Hierro-Marlasca
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Patricia de Castro Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Adoración Romero-Bazán
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Miguel A. Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (L.P.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.B.-P.); (L.d.H.-M.); (P.d.C.M.); (A.R.-B.); (M.A.A.-M.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (M.A.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.F.-M.); (M.A.O.)
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Principe DR, Timbers KE, Atia LG, Koch RM, Rana A. TGFβ Signaling in the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5086. [PMID: 34680235 PMCID: PMC8533869 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with poor clinical outcomes, largely attributed to incomplete responses to standard therapeutic approaches. Recently, selective inhibitors of the Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway have shown early promise in the treatment of PDAC, particularly as a means of augmenting responses to chemo- and immunotherapies. However, TGFβ is a potent and pleiotropic cytokine with several seemingly paradoxical roles within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment (TME). Although TGFβ signaling can have potent tumor-suppressive effects in epithelial cells, TGFβ signaling also accelerates pancreatic tumorigenesis by enhancing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibrosis, and the evasion of the cytotoxic immune surveillance program. Here, we discuss the known roles of TGFβ signaling in pancreatic carcinogenesis, the biologic consequences of the genetic inactivation of select components of the TGFβ pathway, as well as past and present attempts to advance TGFβ inhibitors in the treatment of PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (K.E.T.); (L.G.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Kaytlin E. Timbers
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (K.E.T.); (L.G.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Luke G. Atia
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (K.E.T.); (L.G.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Regina M. Koch
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; (K.E.T.); (L.G.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Ajay Rana
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Hospital, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Sun Y, Xie J, Cai S, Wang Q, Feng Z, Li Y, Lu JJ, Chen W, Ye Z. Elevated expression of nuclear receptor-binding SET domain 3 promotes pancreatic cancer cell growth. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:913. [PMID: 34615858 PMCID: PMC8494902 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor-binding SET domain 3 (NSD3) catalyzes methylation of histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36), and promotes malignant transformation and progression of human cancer. Its expression, potential functions and underlying mechanisms in pancreatic cancer are studied. Bioinformatics studies and results from local human tissues show that NSD3 is upregulated in human pancreatic cancer tissues, which is correlated with poor overall survival. In primary and established pancreatic cancer cells, NSD3 silencing (by shRNAs) or CRISPR/Cas9-induced NSD3 knockout potently inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while provoking cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Conversely, ectopic expression of NSD3-T1232A mutation significantly accelerated proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. H3K36 dimethylation, expression of NSD3-dependent genes (Prkaa2, Myc, Irgm1, Adam12, and Notch3), and mTOR activation (S6K1 phosphorylation) were largely inhibited by NSD3 silencing or knockout. In vivo, intratumoral injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-packed NSD3 shRNA potently inhibited pancreatic cancer xenograft growth in nude mice. These results suggest that elevated NSD3 could be an important driver for the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shang Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yecheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zhenyu Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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