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Wang L, Wei X, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Niu Q. A double encryption protection algorithm for stem cell bank privacy data based on improved AES and chaotic encryption technology. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293418. [PMID: 37878640 PMCID: PMC10681628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique infinite self-renewal ability and multidirectional differentiation potential of stem cells provide a strong support for the clinical treatment. In light of the growing demands for stem cell storage, how to ensure personal privacy security and comply with strict ethical supervision requirements is particularly important. In order to solve the problem of low security of traditional encryption algorithm, we proposed a double encryption protection (DEP) algorithm for stem cell bank privacy data based on improved AES and chaotic encryption technology. Firstly, we presented the hash value key decomposition algorithm, through the hash value dynamic coding, cyclic shift, conversion calculation to get the key of each subsystem in the built algorithm. Secondly, DEP algorithm for privacy data is realized with two level of encryption. The first level of encryption protection algorithm used AES as the main framework, adding dynamic coding and byte filling based on DNA coding, and carries out dynamic shift of rows and simplified mixing of columns. The second level of encryption protection algorithm conducted random encoding, operation, diffusion and decoding based on the results of our proposed sequence conversion algorithm. Finally, we raised two evaluation indexes, the number of characters change rate (NCCR) and the unified average change intensity of text (UACIT) to measure the sensitivity of encryption algorithms to changes in plain information. The experimental results of using DEP shown that the average values of histogram variance, information entropy, NCCR and UACIT are116.7883, 7.6688, 32.52% and 99.67%, respectively. DEP algorithm has a large key space, high key sensitivity, and enables dynamic encryption of private data in stem cell bank. The encryption scheme provided in this study ensures the security of the private information of stem cell bank in private cloud environment, and also provides a new method for the encryption of similar high confidentiality data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Asia, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- School of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Asia, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Asia, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Henan Zhengda Stem Cell Bank Technology Company Limited, Zhengzhou, Asia, China
| | - Qunfeng Niu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Asia, China
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Yang Z, Ma L, Du C, Wang J, Zhang C, Hu L, Wang S. Dental pulp stem cells accelerate wound healing through CCL2-induced M2 macrophages polarization. iScience 2023; 26:108043. [PMID: 37829207 PMCID: PMC10565783 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the host immune function plays a key role in the efficiency of tissue regeneration and wound healing. However, the difference in immunological modulation and tissue regeneration function between MSCs from different sources remains unclear. Compared to PDLSCs, BMMSCs, and ADSCs, DPSCs exhibited greater tissue regeneration potential and triggered more M2 macrophages in vivo. DPSCs elicited the polarization of M2a macrophages by conditioned medium and transwell assay and exhibited higher expression levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). Specific blocking of CCL2 could significantly inhibit the DPSCs-induced polarization of M2 macrophages. DPSCs promoted wound healing of the palatal mucosa and M2 macrophages polarization in vivo, which could be significantly impaired by CCL2-neutralized antibody. Our data indicate that DPSCs exert better tissue regeneration potential and immunoregulatory function by secreting CCL2, which can enhance MSCs-mediated tissue regeneration or wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Yang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linsha Ma
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Conglin Du
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingsong Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Liu X, Li J, Wang W, Ren X, Hu JF. Therapeutic restoration of female reproductive and endocrine dysfunction using stem cells. Life Sci 2023; 322:121658. [PMID: 37023951 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Millions of women worldwide suffer from infertility associated with gynecologic disorders such as premature ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, Asherman syndrome, endometriosis, preeclampsia, and fallopian tube obstruction. These disorders can lead to infertility and thereby affect the quality of life of the infertile couple because of their psychological impact and significant costs. In recent years, stem cell therapy has emerged as a therapeutic approach to repair or replace damaged tissues or organs. This review describes the recent development as well as the underlying mechanisms of stem cell therapy for a variety of female reproductive diseases, offering us new therapeutic options for the treatment of female reproductive and endocrine dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Liu
- The Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- The Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Gynecology and Obstetrics Centre, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xue Ren
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Gynecology and Obstetrics Centre, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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4
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Sachetti CG, Júnior AB, de Carvalho ACC, Angulo-Tuesta A, da Silva EN. Landscape of Brazilian research and development public funding in advanced therapies: lessons learned and a roadmap for middle-income economies. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:1158-1165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kandula UR, Wake AD. Promising Stem Cell therapy in the Management of HIV and AIDS: A Narrative Review. Biologics 2022; 16:89-105. [PMID: 35836496 PMCID: PMC9275675 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s368152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies are becoming a major topic in biomedical research all over the planet. It may be a viable treatment choice for people suffering from a wide range of illnesses and injuries. It has recently emerged as an extremely intriguing and well-established science and research topic. Expectations have risen due to advancements in therapeutic approaches. Multiple laboratory testing of regulated stem cell culture and derivation is carried out before the formation of stem cells for the use of therapeutic process. Whereas HIV infection is contagious and can last a lifetime. Researchers are still working to develop a comprehensive and effective treatment for HIV and its associated condition, as well as AIDS. HIV propagation is primarily restricted to the immune system, notably T lymphocytes, as well as macrophages. Large numbers of research studies have contributed to a plethora of data about the enigmatic AIDS life cycle. This vast amount of data provides potential targets for AIDS therapies. Currently, stem cell transplantation, along with other procedures, provided novel insights into HIV pathogenesis and offered a glimpse of hope for the development of a viable HIV cure technique. One of its existing focus areas in HIV and AIDS research is to develop a novel therapeutic strategic plan capable of providing life-long complete recovery of HIV and AIDS without regular drug treatment and, inevitably, curative therapy for HIV and AIDS. The current paper tries to address the possibilities for improved stem cell treatments with “bone marrow, Hematopoietic, human umbilical cord mesenchymal, Genetical modifications with CRISPR/Cas9 in combination of stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells applications” are discussed which are specifically applied in the HIV and AIDS therapeutic management advancement procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Rani Kandula
- Department of Clinical Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Usha Rani Kandula, Department of Clinical Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, P.O. Box-396, Asella, Ethiopia, Tel +251-939052408, Email
| | - Addisu Dabi Wake
- Department of Clinical Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
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6
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Li C. Strengthening regulations, recent advances and remaining barriers in stem cell clinical translation in China: 2015-2021 in review. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106304. [PMID: 35710062 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new regulatory regime is being implemented under strict scrutiny for translation of stem cell medical practices since 2015 in China. The new mode of governance is strengthening to curb the marketing of unproven stem cell therapeutic products. This article begins with a brief historical overview of stem cell research and development and then focuses on the policies and country-level guidelines in the past years for stem cell translational research. This study reveals several key observations on the major progress made and the challenges associated with clinical translation of stem cells in China. Given that stem cells or stem cell-based therapeutic products are already considered as biological 'drugs', this study would be conducive to a better understanding of China's approach to stem cell translational research, marketisation and industrialization in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Li
- Stem Cell Program of Clinical Research Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan University, 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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7
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Gao J, Gao C. Development and regulation of stem cell-based therapies in China. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13217. [PMID: 35419811 PMCID: PMC9357352 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical researches of stem cell-based therapies are highly active in China, while it was arduous to determine the most effective way of clinical translation of those advanced therapies. METHODS This article briefly introduced the regulatory framework development, the progress in stem cell clinical researches and clinical trials of commercially developed stem cell-based products, as well as the clinical review concerns of stem cell-based products in China. MAIN FINDINGS The current regulatory framework of stem cell clinical researches in China was launched in 2015, when regulatory authorities issued "Administrative Measures on Stem Cell Clinical Research" (AMSCCR) detailing the rules of stem cell clinical research. Thereafter, the rapidly growing stem cell clinical researches were rigorously managed and clinical use of stem cell therapy was halted. Meanwhile, commercially developed stem cell-based products are supervised by Drug Administration Law (DAL). CONCLUSION The regulatory framework of stem cell-based therapy in China has progressed in the last few decades, which is currently regulated according to AMSCCR and DAL. Well-designed and patient-focused clinical trial is required for commercially developed stem cell-based products, and definite clinical benefit evidence is crucial to obtain marketing authorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Gao
- Office of Clinical Evaluation of Biological Products, Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyan Gao
- Office of Clinical Evaluation of Biological Products, Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
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Chen T, Zhang S, Jin H, Fu X, Shang L, Lu Y, Sun Y, Hisham Yahaya B, Liu Y, Lin J. Nonfreezing Low Temperature Maintains the Viability of Menstrual Blood-Derived Endometrial Stem Cells Under Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Through the Sustained Release of Autophagy-Produced Energy. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221086971. [PMID: 35416078 PMCID: PMC9014719 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221086971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Between the completion of the mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) preparation and the transplantation into the patient, there is a time interval during which the quality control and transport of MSC products occur, which usually involves suspending the cells in normal saline in an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) microenvironments. Thus, how to effectively maintain MSC viability during the abovementioned time interval is bound to play a significant role in the therapeutic effect of MSC-based therapies. Recently, menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells (MenSCs) have attracted extensive attention in regenerative medicine due to their superior biological characteristics, including noninvasive protocols for their collection, abundant source material, stable donation, and autotransplantation. Therefore, this study aimed to mainly determine the effect of storage temperature on the maintenance of MenSC viabilities in an OGD microenvironment, and to preliminarily explore its potential mechanism. Simultaneously, the effects of solvents commonly used in the clinic on MenSC viability were also examined to support the clinical application of MenSCs. Consequently, our results demonstrated that in the OGD microenvironment, a nonfreezing low temperature (4°C) was suitable and cost-effective for MenSC storage, and the maintenance of MenSC viability stored at 4°C was partly contributed by the sustained releases of autophagy-produced energy. Furthermore, the addition of human serum albumin effectively inhibited the cell sedimentations in the MenSC suspension. These results provide support and practical experience for the extensive application of MenSCs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Chen
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongzhang Jin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Fu
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lingrui Shang
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yilin Lu
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuliang Sun
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Badrul Hisham Yahaya
- Lung Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (IPPT), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang Malaysia
| | - Yanli Liu
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Chen Q, Ma Y, Labude M, Schaefer GO, Xafis V, Mills P. Making sense of it all: Ethical reflections on the conditions surrounding the first genome-edited babies. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 5:216. [PMID: 34395922 PMCID: PMC8340653 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16295.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In November 2018 the birth of the first genome-edited human beings was announced by Chinese scientist, He Jiankui. The ensuing ethical controversy, institutional investigations and legal proceedings led to the revision of standards, rules and procedures at many levels. Arguably, however, these developments have not fundamentally changed the conditions or the culture that nourished He Jiankui's vaulting ambition in the first place and enabled it to find expression. In this paper we explore the clinical, regulatory and societal circumstances of the 'gene-edited baby' case, the political, cultural and economic conditions that created a radical and dangerous climate for biotechnology innovation, and the responsibilities of the international research community, many of whose members were apprised of Dr He's intentions. The aim is not to heap anathemas on the heads of implicated individuals but to draw attention to the need for different communities (researchers, authorities and domestic publics) to play a part actively in the governance of biomedical innovation and for research to be bridled by human values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Centre for Bioethics, Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yonghui Ma
- Centre for Bioethics, Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Markus Labude
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - G Owen Schaefer
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Vicki Xafis
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Peter Mills
- Nuffield Council on Bioethics, London, WC1B 3JS, UK
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10
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Biotech in China 2021, at the beginning of the 14th five-year period ("145"). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3971-3985. [PMID: 33937929 PMCID: PMC8088835 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract As China assumes a more and more dominant role in global science, this mini-review attempts to provide a bird’s eye view on how the bio-digital revolution impacts China’s biosciences and bioindustry. Triggered by top-down political programs and the buildup of an impressive infrastructure in science, information technology, and education, China’s biomedical and MedTech industries prosper. Plant and animal breeding programs transform agriculture and food supply as much as the Internet of things, and synthetic biology offers new opportunities for the manufacturing of specialty chemicals within the Chinese version of a “bioeconomy.” It is already becoming apparent that the new five-year period “145” (2021–2025) will further emphasize emission control, bioenvironmental protection, and more supply of biomass-derived energy. This review identifies key drivers in China’s government, industry, and academia behind these developments and details many access points for deeper studies. Key points Biotechnology in China Biomedical technology New five-year period
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Chen Q, Ma Y, Labude M, Schaefer GO, Xafis V, Mills P. Making sense of it all: Ethical reflections on the conditions surrounding the first genome-edited babies. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:216. [PMID: 34395922 PMCID: PMC8340653 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16295.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In November 2018 the birth of the first genome-edited human beings was announced. The ensuing ethical controversy, institutional investigations and legal proceedings led to the revision of standards, rules and procedures at many levels. Arguably, however, these developments have not fundamentally changed the conditions or the culture that nourished He Jiankui's vaulting ambition in the first place and enabled it to find expression. In this paper we explore the clinical, regulatory and societal circumstances of the 'gene-edited baby' case, the political, cultural and economic conditions that created a radical and dangerous climate for biotechnology innovation, and the responsibilities of the international research community, many of whose members were apprised of Dr He's intentions. The aim is not to heap anathemas on the heads of implicated individuals but to draw attention to the need for different communities (researchers, authorities and domestic publics) actively to play a part in the governance of biomedical innovation and for research to be bridled by human values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Centre for Bioethics, Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yonghui Ma
- Centre for Bioethics, Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Markus Labude
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - G Owen Schaefer
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Vicki Xafis
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Peter Mills
- Nuffield Council on Bioethics, London, WC1B 3JS, UK
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