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Melo MGND, Reino IBDSM, Vaitkevicius-Antão V, Silva JMD, Júnior JNDS, Andrade AFD, Bezerra RP, Marques DDAV, Silva SDFFD, Araújo PSRD, Lorena VMBD, Morais RCSD, Paiva-Cavalcanti MD. Chlorella vulgaris extract and Imiquimod as new therapeutic targets for leishmaniasis: An immunological approach. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152779. [PMID: 38118344 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic regimen for the treatment of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is targeted at the death of the parasite; therefore, it is essential to develop a treatment that can act on the parasite, combined with the modulation of the inflammatory profile. Thus, the aim of this study was to make an in vitro evaluation of the therapeutic potential of Chlorella vulgaris extract (CV) and Imiquimod for ATL. Selectivity indices (SI) were determined by inhibitory concentration assays (IC50) in L. braziliensis cells and cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) were measured in human cells using the MTT method, based on the CV microalgae extract (IC50 concentrations of 15.63 to 500 µg/mL; CC50 concentrations of 62.5-1000 µg/mL) in comparison with the reference drugs and Imiquimod. The immune response was evaluated in healthy human cells by gene expression (RT-qPCR) and cytokine production (Flow Cytometry). The CV extract (SI = 6.89) indicated promising results by showing higher SI than meglumine antimoniate (SI = 3.44) (reference drug). In all analyses, CV presented a protective profile by stimulating the production of Th1 profile cytokines to a larger extent than the reference drugs. Imiquimod showed a high expression for Tbx21, GATA3, RORc and Foxp3 genes, with increased production only of the TNF cytokine. Therefore, the data highlight the natural extract and Imiquimod as strong therapeutic or adjuvant candidates against ATL, owing to modulation of immune response profiles, low toxicity in human cells and toxic action on the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Vaitkevicius-Antão
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jady Moreira da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José Noé da Silva Júnior
- Research Support Center, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Pedrosa Bezerra
- Research Support Center, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Sérgio Ramos de Araújo
- Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Departament of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Barghchi H, Dehnavi Z, Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Alwaily ER, Almulla AF, Kareem AK, Barati M, Ranjbar G, Mohammadzadeh A, Rahimi P, Pahlavani N. The effects of Chlorella vulgaris on cardiovascular risk factors: A comprehensive review on putative molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114624. [PMID: 37018990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High incidence rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) make this condition as an important public health concern. The use of natural products in treating this chronic condition has increased in recent years one of which is the single-celled green alga Chlorella. Chlorella vulgaris (CV) has been studied for its potential benefits to human health due to its biological and pharmacological features. CV contains a variety of macro and micronutrients, including proteins, omega-3, polysaccharides, vitamins, and minerals. Some studies have indicated that taking CV as a dietary supplement can help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. In some studies, cardiovascular risk factors that are based on hematological indices did not show these benefits, and no molecular mechanisms have been identified. This comprehensive review summarized the research on the cardio-protective benefits of chlorella supplementation and the underlying molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Barghchi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Dehnavi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ali K Kareem
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Iraq
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Pegah Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; School of Medical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran.
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Ogawa K, Higashi T, Mishiro K, Wakabayashi H, Shiba K, Odani A, Kinuya S. Decreasing undesirable absorbed radiation to the intestine after administration of radium-223 dichloride for treatment of bone metastases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11917. [PMID: 32681007 PMCID: PMC7368038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
[223Ra]RaCl2 is the first alpha-particle emitting radiopharmaceutical to be used for castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with bone metastases because of its excellent therapeutic effects. [223Ra]RaCl2 is excreted via the intestine into feces, and some is absorbed from the intestine into the blood, which may be undesirable in terms of the exposure to radiation. Recently, we showed that a complex of myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate (InsP6) with zinc is a useful decorporation agent against radiostrontium. In this study, we hypothesized that Zn-InsP6 could bind to not only strontium but also to radium, and could inhibit the absorption of radium from the intestine. In in vitro binding experiments, Zn-InsP6 showed a high binding affinity for radium. In in vivo biodistribution experiments by intravenous injection of [223Ra]RaCl2 after treatment of Zn-InsP6, mice treated with Zn-InsP6 showed significantly lower bone accumulation of radioactivity (34.82 ± 1.83%Dose/g) than the mice in the non-treatment control group (40.30 ± 2.78%Dose/g) at 48 h postinjection. These results indicate that Zn-InsP6 bound radium in the intestine and inhibited the absorption of radium into the blood. Therefore, the insoluble Zn-InsP6 complex has high potential to decrease the side effects of [223Ra]RaCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Ogawa
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Takuma Higashi
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishiro
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Akira Odani
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Seigo Kinuya
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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Reimann R, Zeng B, Jakopec M, Burdukiewicz M, Petrick I, Schierack P, Rödiger S. Classification of dead and living microalgae Chlorella vulgaris by bioimage informatics and machine learning. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Dourou M, Dritsas P, Baeshen MN, Elazzazy A, Al-Farga A, Aggelis G. High-added value products from microalgae and prospects of aquaculture wastewaters as microalgae growth media. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5837083. [PMID: 32407478 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aquaculture plays an important role in human nutrition and economic development but is often expanded to the detriment of the natural environment. Several research projects, aimed at cultivating microalgae in aquaculture wastewaters (AWWs) to reduce organic loads and minerals, along with the production of microalgal cell mass and metabolic products, are underway. Microalgal cell mass is of high nutritional value and is regarded as a candidate to replace, partially at least, the fish meal in the fish feed. Also, microalgal cell mass is considered as a feedstock in the bio-fuel manufacture, as well as a source of high-added value metabolic products. The production of these valuable products can be combined with the reuse of AWWs in the light of environmental concerns related with the aquaculture sector. Many research papers published in the last decade demonstrate that plenty of microalgae species are able to efficiently grow in AWWs, mainly derived from fish and shrimp farms, and produce valuable metabolites reducing the AWW pollutant load. We conclude that bio-remediation of AWWs combining with the production of microalgae cell mass and specific metabolites is probably the most convenient and economical solution for AWWs management and can contribute to the sustainable growth of the aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Dourou
- Unit of Microbiology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Dritsas
- Unit of Microbiology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Mohamed N Baeshen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elazzazy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Ammar Al-Farga
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - George Aggelis
- Unit of Microbiology, Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Chen Y, Liu X, Wu L, Tong A, Zhao L, Liu B, Zhao C. Physicochemical characterization of polysaccharides from Chlorella pyrenoidosa and its anti-ageing effects in Drosophila melanogaster. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 185:120-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ambati RR, Gogisetty D, Aswathanarayana RG, Ravi S, Bikkina PN, Bo L, Yuepeng S. Industrial potential of carotenoid pigments from microalgae: Current trends and future prospects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1880-1902. [PMID: 29370540 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1432561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are rich source of various bioactive molecules such as carotenoids, lipids, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, etc. and in recent Years carotenoids from algae gained commercial recognition in the global market for food and cosmeceutical applications. However, the production of carotenoids from algae is not yet fully cost effective to compete with synthetic ones. In this context the present review examines the technologies/methods in relation to mass production of algae, cell harvesting for extraction of carotenoids, optimizing extraction methods etc. Research studies from different microalgal species such as Spirulina platensis, Haematococcus pluvialis, Dunaliella salina, Chlorella sps., Nannochloropsis sps., Scenedesmus sps., Chlorococcum sps., Botryococcus braunii and Diatoms in relation to carotenoid content, chemical structure, extraction and processing of carotenoids are discussed. Further these carotenoid pigments, are useful in various health applications and their use in food, feed, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries was briefly touched upon. The commercial value of algal carotenoids has also been discussed in this review. Possible recommendations for future research studies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranga Rao Ambati
- a Food Science and Technology Programme, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College , Tangjiawan, Zhuhai , Guangdong , China.,b Estuarine Fisheries Research Institute , Doumen, Zhuhai , Guangdong , China.,c Department of Biotechnology , Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University) , Vadlamudi, Guntur , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Deepika Gogisetty
- d Department of Chemistry , Sri Chaitanya Junior College , Tenali, Guntur , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | | | - Sarada Ravi
- f Plant Cell Biotechnology Department , Central Food Technological Research Institute, (Constituent Laboratory of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research) , Mysore , Karnataka , India
| | | | - Lei Bo
- a Food Science and Technology Programme, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College , Tangjiawan, Zhuhai , Guangdong , China
| | - Su Yuepeng
- b Estuarine Fisheries Research Institute , Doumen, Zhuhai , Guangdong , China
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Freitas HR. Chlorella vulgaris as a Source of Essential Fatty Acids and Micronutrients: A Brief Commentary. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1874294701710010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) comprise about 35-40% of the total lipid content from green algaeChlorella, reaching up to 24% linoleic acid and 27% α-linolenic acid inC. vulgaris. Also, microalgae nutrient composition may be modulated by changes in the culture medium, increasing fatty acid and microelement concentrations in the algae biomass. PUFAs, such as α-linolenic (n-3) and linoleic (n-6) acids, as well as its derivatives, are considered essential for dietary consumption, and their ability to regulate body chemistry has been recently explored in depth. A balanced fatty acid consumption is shown to counteract the negative effects of western diets, such as chronic inflammation and glucose intolerance. In this brief commentary, technological and practical uses ofC. vulgarisare explored as means to improve dietary quality and, ultimately, human health.
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Gupta VK, Singh S, Agrawal A, Siddiqi NJ, Sharma B. Phytochemicals Mediated Remediation of Neurotoxicity Induced by Heavy Metals. Biochem Res Int 2015; 2015:534769. [PMID: 26618004 PMCID: PMC4651672 DOI: 10.1155/2015/534769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all the environmental components including both the abiotic and biotic factors have been consistently threatened by excessive contamination of heavy metals continuously released from various sources. Different heavy metals have been reported to generate adverse effects in many ways. Heavy metals induced neurotoxicity and impairment in signalling cascade leading to cell death (apoptosis) has been indicated by several workers. On one hand, these metals are required by the cellular systems to regulate various biological functions of normal cells, while on the other their biomagnification in the cellular systems produces adverse effects. The mechanism by which the heavy metals induce neurotoxicity follows free radicals production pathway(s) specially the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. These free radicals produced in excess have been shown to create an imbalance between the oxidative and antioxidative systems leading to emergence of oxidative stress, which may cause necrosis, DNA damage, and many neurodegenerative disorders. This mini review summarizes the current knowledge available on the protective role of varied natural products isolated from different herbs/plants in imparting protection against heavy metals (cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury) mediated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Anju Agrawal
- Department of Zoology, SNBVPG College, CSJM University, Kanpur 208001, India
| | - Nikhat Jamal Siddiqi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, P.O. Box 22452, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
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Kim OJ, Lee JH. Characterization of Chlorella Vulgaris Mutants Generated by EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate). APPLIED CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.14478/ace.2015.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhai Q, Narbad A, Chen W. Dietary strategies for the treatment of cadmium and lead toxicity. Nutrients 2015; 7:552-71. [PMID: 25594439 PMCID: PMC4303853 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are toxic heavy metals that cause adverse health effects in humans and animals. Chelation therapy, the conventional treatment for heavy metal toxicity, is reported to have a number of safety and efficacy issues. Recent studies have shown that dietary supplements play important roles in protecting against Cd and Pb toxicity. This paper reviews the evidence for protective effects of essential metals, vitamins, edible plants, phytochemicals, probiotics and other dietary supplements against Cd and Pb toxicity and describes the proposed possible mechanisms. Based on these findings, dietary strategies are recommended for people at risk of Cd and Pb exposure. The application of these strategies is advantageous for both the prevention and alleviation of Cd and Pb toxicity, as such supplements can be added easily and affordably to the daily diet and are expected to have very few side effects compared to the chelation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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12
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Kim DC, Won SI, In MJ. Preparation and Quality Characteristics of Mul-kimchi Added with Chlorella. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3839/jabc.2014.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Distribution of Glyphosate in Chicken Organs and its Reduction by Humic Acid Supplementation. J Poult Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0130169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Gastrointestinal Elimination of Perfluorinated Compounds Using Cholestyramine and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. ISRN TOXICOLOGY 2013; 2013:657849. [PMID: 24106616 PMCID: PMC3782832 DOI: 10.1155/2013/657849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background. While perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are a family of commonly used synthetic compounds with many applications, some PFCs remain persistent within the human body due, in part, to enterohepatic recirculation and renal tubular reabsorption. With increasing recognition of potential harm to human health associated with PFC bioaccumulation, interventions to facilitate elimination of these toxicants are welcome in order to potentially preclude or overcome illness. Minimal research has been undertaken thus far on methods to accelerate human clearance of PFCs. Methods. To test for possible oral treatments to hasten PFC elimination, a group of individuals with elevated PFC levels was treated with cholestyramine (CSM) and, after a break, was subsequently treated with Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CP). Stool samples were collected from all participants (i) prior to any treatment, (ii) during treatment with CSM, and (iii) during treatment with CP. Results. With CSM treatment, significant levels of three distinct PFCs were found in all stools, while levels were mostly undetectable prior to treatment. Following treatment with oral CP, undetectable or very low levels of all PFCs were noted in each sample tested. Conclusion. CSM appears to facilitate elimination of some common PFCs and may have some role in the clinical management of patients with accrued PFCs.
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Fahim MA, Nemmar A, Dhanasekaran S, Singh S, Shafiullah M, Yasin J, Zia S, Hasan MY. Acute cadmium exposure causes systemic and thromboembolic events in mice. Physiol Res 2011; 61:73-80. [PMID: 22188109 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), an environmental and industrial pollutant, poses a potential threat and affects many systems in human and animals. Although several reports on Cd toxicity were presented, the acute effect of Cd on systemic and thrombotic events was not reported so far. Cd (2.284 mg/kg) or saline (control) was injected intraperitoneally (ip), and the systemic parameters were assessed in mice. Compared to control group, acute intraperitoneal injection of Cd, in mice showed significant quickening of platelet aggregation (P<0.001) leading to pial cerebral thrombosis. Likewise, Cd exposure caused a significant increase in white blood cell numbers (P<0.05) indicating the occurrence of systemic inflammation. Also, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<0.05) and creatinine (P<0.01) levels were both significantly increased. Interestingly, the superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in Cd treated group compared to control group (P<0.001), suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress. We conclude that the Cd exposure in mice causes acute thromboembolic events, oxidative stress and alter liver and kidney functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Fahim
- United Arab Emirates University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Al Ain, UAE.
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Yun H, Kim I, Kwon SH, Kang JS, Om AS. Protective Effect of Chlorella vulgaris against Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.57.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HyeJun Yun
- Lab. of Food Safety & Toxicology, Dept. of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University
| | - Inhye Kim
- Lab. of Food Safety & Toxicology, Dept. of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University
- Food Nutrition & Functionality Division, Dept. of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration
| | - Sung-Hee Kwon
- Lab. of Food Safety & Toxicology, Dept. of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University
| | - Ju-Seop Kang
- Dept. of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, College of Medicine, Hanyang University
| | - Ae-Son Om
- Lab. of Food Safety & Toxicology, Dept. of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University
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Isolation of phosphorylated polysaccharides from algae: the immunostimulatory principle of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1190-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Shim JA, Son YA, Park JM, Kim MK. Effect of Chlorella intake on Cadmium metabolism in rats. Nutr Res Pract 2009; 3:15-22. [PMID: 20016697 PMCID: PMC2788161 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2009.3.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of chlorella on cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Cd- administered rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats (14 week-old) were blocked into 6 groups. Cadmium chloride was given at levels of 0 or 325 mg (Cd: 0, 160 ppm), and chlorella powder at levels of 0, 3 and 5%. Cadmium was accumulated in blood and tissues (liver, kidney and small intestine) in the Cd-exposed groups, while the accumulation of Cd was decreased in the Cd-exposed chlorella groups. Fecal and urinary Cd excretions were remarkably increased in Cd-exposed chlorella groups. Thus, cadmium retention ratio and absorption rate were decreased in the Cd exposed chlorella groups. Urinary and serum creatinine, and creatinine clearance were not changed in experimental animals. In addition, metallothionein (MT) synthesis in tissues was increased by Cd administration. The Cd-exposed chlorella groups indicated lower MT concentration compared to the Cd-exposed groups. Moreover, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was not changed by dietary chlorella and Cd administration. According to the results above, this study could suggest that Cd toxicity can be alleviated by increasing Cd excretion through feces. Therefore, when exposed to Cd, chlorella is an appropriate source which counteracts heavy metal poisoning, to decrease the damage of tissues by decreasing cadmium absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Ae Shim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Kim YS, Kim KY, Kang PD, Cha JY, Heo JS, Park BK, Cho YS. Effect of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Excrement Powder on the Alcoholic Hepatotoxicit in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2008.18.10.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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