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Parker MA, Kent AL, Sneddon A, Wang J, Shadbolt B. The Menstrual Disorder of Teenagers (MDOT) Study No. 2: Period ImPact and Pain Assessment (PIPPA) Tool Validation in a Large Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study of Australian Teenagers. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2022; 35:30-38. [PMID: 34171477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To validate the Period ImPact and Pain Assessment (PIPPA) self-screening tool for menstrual disturbance in teenagers. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Three senior high schools in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1066 girls between 15 and 19 years of age. INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A quantitative paper survey collected self-reports of menstrual bleeding patterns, typical and atypical symptoms, morbidities, and interference with daily activities. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to examine associations between PIPPA questions. Generalized linear models compared total score and subscores by validation criteria: pain, school absence, and body mass index (BMI). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictiveness of menstrual disturbance indicators by total PIPPA score. RESULTS Reports of pain, interference, and concern within the PIPPA items and between both the MDOT and PIPPA questionnaires were significantly correlated (P < .0001). The indicator "missing school" was highly associated (P < .0001) with pain and interference. Obesity (BMI ≥30) was associated with higher PIPPA scores, as was underweight (BMI≤18.4). Where 0 = no disturbance, 5 = high disturbance, aggregated PIPPA scores found 75% scoring 0-2 (out of 5) and 25% scoring 3-5 (257/1037). High scores of 4 or 5 (out of 5) were 7% (72/1037) and 3.7% (38/1037), respectively. CONCLUSION PIPPA is a valid screening tool for pain-related menstrual disturbance that affects functioning in young women. PIPPA subdomains of pain/interference have good validity relative to indicators of pain and interference and are responsive to age, BMI, and school absence differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Parker
- Canberra Endometriosis Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ACT Health, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - A L Kent
- Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Australian National University, College of Health and Medicine, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A Sneddon
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - J Wang
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - B Shadbolt
- ACT Centre for Health and Medical Research, ACT Health, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Armour M, Hyman MS, Al-Dabbas M, Parry K, Ferfolja T, Curry C, MacMillan F, Smith CA, Holmes K. Menstrual Health Literacy and Management Strategies in Young Women in Australia: A National Online Survey of Young Women Aged 13-25 Years. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34:135-143. [PMID: 33188935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To explore key aspects of menstrual health literacy and menstrual management in young women at school or in tertiary education. DESIGN Cross-sectional online survey. SETTING Australia-wide. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4202 adolescent and young women (13-25 years of age; median age 17 years), having reached menarche, living in Australia and currently attending school (n = 2421) or tertiary education (n = 1781). INTERVENTIONS Online survey hosted by Qualtrics between November 2017 and January 2018. Data were collected on contraceptive use, management strategies, sources of information, and knowledge of menstruation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Information on prevalence and effectiveness of different management strategies, health-seeking behavior, knowledge about menstruation, and common menstrual disorders such as endometriosis. RESULTS The majority of young women did not seek medical advice for their menstrual symptoms, but used information from the Internet (50%) and engaged in self-management, most commonly with over-the-counter medications such as paracetamol (51%) or ibuprofen (52%). Oral contraceptive use was relatively common (35%), and mostly for reduction of menstrual pain (58%). Despite having significant dysmenorrhea, approximately one-half of the participants (51%) thought that their period was normal. Women with higher pain scores were more likely to rate their period as "abnormal" (P < .0001) but not more likely to consult a doctor (P = .13). Only 53% of those at school had heard of endometriosis. CONCLUSION Self-management of menstrual symptoms is common, but a significant minority of women are underdosing or choosing ineffective methods. Most women do not seek medical advice even when symptoms are severe, and cannot identify symptoms suggestive of secondary dysmenorrhea. Improved education on menstruation is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Armour
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mikayla S Hyman
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia; Department of Sociology/Anthropology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont
| | - Mahmoud Al-Dabbas
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelly Parry
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Tania Ferfolja
- Centre for Educational Research, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Curry
- Centre for Educational Research, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Freya MacMillan
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia; School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Caroline A Smith
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn Holmes
- Centre for Educational Research, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Qian Y, Gui W. Identifying health information needs of senior online communities users: a text mining approach. ASLIB J INFORM MANAG 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ajim-02-2020-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the health information needs of senior online communities (SOCs) users, which could provide a basis for improving senior health information services.Design/methodology/approachA total of 14,933 health-related posts in the two most popular senior online communities (Yinling and Keai) in China are crawled as a corpus. Based on the results of word frequency analysis, text classification is performed based on two aspects: medical systems (Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine) and topics. The health information needs of SOCs users are revealed from the composition, growth trends and popularity of health information. Finally, some key points of senior health information services are discussed.FindingsThe health information needs of senior users can be divided into four types: coping with aging, dietary nutrition, physical exercise and mental health. These needs are comprehensive and involve a variety of health issues. Users are mainly concerned with physical health issues. In terms of medical systems, the number of Western medicine posts is relatively larger, whereas traditional Chinese medicine appears more in posts on coping with aging and physical exercise. The health information needs of SOCs users are in a stable status. Both the medical systems and topics could have an impact on the popularity of health information, but the number of posts is inconsistent with the level of popularity.Originality/valueThis study combines multiple perspectives to identify the health information needs of seniors in China with a comprehensive overview.
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Living with Restrictions. The Perspective of Nursing Students with Primary Dysmenorrhea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228527. [PMID: 33212985 PMCID: PMC7698483 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) affects a large number of female university students, diminishing their quality of life and hindering academic performance, representing a significant cause of absenteeism. The purpose of our study was to determine how nursing students experienced restrictions as a result of primary dysmenorrhea. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted among 33 nursing students with primary dysmenorrhea. A purposeful sampling strategy was applied. Data were collected from five focus groups (two sessions each) and the field notes of 10 researchers. A video meeting platform was used to conduct the focus groups. A thematic inductive analysis was performed. Thirty-three female nursing students participated in the study with a mean age of 22.72 (SD 3.46) years. Three broad themes emerged: (a) restrictions on daily activities and sports; (b) academic restrictions, and (c) restrictions on social and sexual relationships. The students described restrictions in performing everyday activities, such as carrying weight, and shopping. Some students even gave up the practice of sports and were absent from classes at the university, and from clinical practices at the hospital. The pain affected their ability to maintain and create new social relationships. Primary dysmenorrhea caused restrictions in the personal, social and academic life of the nursing students.
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Chen CX, Carpenter JS, LaPradd M, Ofner S, Fortenberry JD. Perceived Ineffectiveness of Pharmacological Treatments for Dysmenorrhea. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020; 30:1334-1343. [PMID: 33026968 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dysmenorrhea affects most reproductive-aged women. Common dysmenorrhea treatments vary in their effectiveness across individuals. Little is known about factors associated with perceived treatment ineffectiveness. The objectives of this study were to describe the perceived ineffectiveness of common pharmacological treatments for dysmenorrhea and investigate factors associated with perceived treatment ineffectiveness. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 678 women with dysmenorrhea (aged 14-42) provided data on perceived treatment ineffectiveness, dysmenorrhea symptom-based phenotypes, demographics, clinical factors, and psychobehavioral characteristics. We used Fisher's exact tests to compare treatment ineffectiveness across three symptom-based phenotypes. We used logistic regressions to explore associations of phenotype, demographic, clinical, and psychobehavioral correlates of perceived treatment ineffectiveness. Results: Percentages perceiving treatments as ineffective were 29.3%-35.6% nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 49.9% acetaminophen, and 39.3% combined oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). Factors associated with perceived ineffectiveness varied across treatments and included symptom-based phenotypes, clinical, and psychobehavioral factors. For ibuprofen and acetaminophen, women with severe (vs. mild) pain phenotype and higher number of chronic pain conditions were more likely to perceive the treatments as ineffective. For OCPs, women with severe pain (vs. mild) phenotype, comorbid gynecological condition, less anxiety, and worse depressive symptoms were more likely to perceive the treatment as ineffective. Conclusion: A significant percentage of women reported ineffectiveness of dysmenorrhea treatments. Phenotypes, clinical, and psychobehavioral factors were associated with treatment ineffectiveness. Future research should test if symptom-based phenotypes are associated with treatment effectiveness in clinical trials and investigate other factors that affect dysmenorrhea treatment effectiveness, so treatments can be tailored to individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen X Chen
- Department of Community and Health Systems, Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Janet S Carpenter
- Department of Science of Nursing Care, Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michelle LaPradd
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Susan Ofner
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - J Dennis Fortenberry
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Li AD, Bellis EK, Girling JE, Jayasinghe YL, Grover SR, Marino JL, Peate M. Unmet Needs and Experiences of Adolescent Girls with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding and Dysmenorrhea: A Qualitative Study. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2020; 33:278-284. [PMID: 31765795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To identify and examine the key areas of need and explore the experiences of adolescent girls with heavy menstrual bleeding and/or dysmenorrhea. DESIGN AND SETTING Qualitative interview study using semi-structured interviews. Gynaecology outpatient clinic at The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Adolescent girls (12-18 years; mean age, 14.8 ± 1.5 years) presenting with heavy menstrual bleeding and/or dysmenorrhea at the clinic (N = 30). INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted between May and August 2018. Interview data were thematically analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Themes covered experiences and unmet needs of adolescent girls with heavy menstrual bleeding and/or dysmenorrhea. RESULTS A total of 12 themes were identified, and covered the impact of symptoms, experiences, and/or unmet needs of these adolescents. Key themes highlighting experiences and unmet needs related to (1) coordination of healthcare, (2) day-to-day coping, (3) school, and (4) information surrounding menstrual issues. From these themes, 7 unmet needs emerged and were organized under 3 key areas of need: (1) treatment, management, and care, (2) improvements in the school environment, and (3) menstrual health as a gendered issue. CONCLUSION Menstrual concerns can have a profound physical and psychosocial impact on adolescents. Effective school-based menstrual education programs may be key in reducing stigma, fear, and shame surrounding menstruation, in teaching positive management strategies and in encouraging adolescents to seek help for their menstrual concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily K Bellis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane E Girling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yasmin L Jayasinghe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sonia R Grover
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Marino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Peate
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Lovett J, Gordon C, Patton S, Chen CX. Online information on dysmenorrhoea: An evaluation of readability, credibility, quality and usability. J Clin Nurs 2019; 28:3590-3598. [PMID: 31162870 PMCID: PMC6739134 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate online information on dysmenorrhoea, including readability, credibility, quality and usability. BACKGROUND Menstrual pain impacts 45%-95% of women of reproductive age globally and is the leading cause of school and work absences among women. Women often seek online information on dysmenorrhoea; however, little is known about the information quality. DESIGN This was a descriptive study to evaluate online information on dysmenorrhoea. METHODS We imitated search strategies of the general public. Specifically, we employed the three most popular search engines worldwide-Google, Yahoo and Bing-and used lay search terms, "period pain" and "menstrual cramps." We screened 60 web pages. Following removal of duplicates and irrelevant web pages, 25 met the eligibility criteria. Two team members independently evaluated the included web pages using standardised tools. Readability was evaluated with the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease and Flesch-Kincaid Grade formulas; credibility, quality and usability were evaluated with established tools. We followed the STROBE checklist for reporting this study. RESULTS For readability, the mean Flesch-Kincaid level was 10th grade. For credibility, 8% of web pages referenced scientific literature and 28% stated the author's name and qualifications. For quality, no web page employed user-driven content production; 8% of web pages referenced evidence-based guidelines, 32% of web pages had accurate content, and 4% of web pages recommended shared decision-making. Most web pages were interactive and included nontextual information. Some nontextual information was inaccurate. CONCLUSION Online information on dysmenorrhoea has generally low readability, mixed credibility and variable quality. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Strategies to improve health information on dysmenorrhoea include avoiding complex terms, incorporating visual aids, presenting evidence-based information and developing a decision aid to support shared decision-making. Healthcare providers should be aware of the problematic health information that individuals are exposed to and provide education about how to navigate online health information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Lovett
- Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Candice Gordon
- Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shelby Patton
- Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chen X Chen
- Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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