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Ramatla T, Ramaili T, Lekota K, Mileng K, Ndou R, Mphuthi M, Khasapane N, Syakalima M, Thekisoe O. Antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of Proteus mirabilis isolated from broiler chickens at abattoir in South Africa. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1371. [PMID: 38357843 PMCID: PMC10867704 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteus mirabilis has been identified as an important zoonotic pathogen, causing several illnesses such as diarrhoea, keratitis and urinary tract infections. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the prevalence of P. mirabilis in broiler chickens, its antibiotic resistance (AR) patterns, ESBL-producing P. mirabilis and the presence of virulence genes. METHODS A total of 26 isolates were confirmed as P. mirabilis from 480 pooled broiler chicken faecal samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial susceptibility test, while nine virulence genes and 26 AR genes were also screened by PCR. RESULTS All 26 P. mirabilis isolates harboured the ireA (siderophore receptors), ptA, and zapA (proteases), ucaA, pmfA, atfA, and mrpA (fimbriae), hlyA and hpmA (haemolysins) virulence genes. The P. mirabilis isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (62%) and levofloxacin (54%), while 8 (30.7%) of the isolates were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR). PCR analysis identified the blaCTX-M gene (62%), blaTEM (58%) and blaCTX-M-2 (38%). Further screening for AMR genes identified mcr-1, cat1, cat2, qnrA, qnrD and mecA, 12%, 19%, 12%, 54%, 27% and 8%, respectively for P. mirabilis isolates. The prevalence of the integron integrase intI1 and intI2 genes was 43% and 4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The rise of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance, as well as MDR strains, is a public health threat that points to a challenge in the treatment of infections caused by these zoonotic bacteria. Furthermore, because ESBL-producing P. mirabilis has the potential to spread to humans, the presence of blaCTX -M -producing P. mirabilis in broilers should be kept under control. This is the first study undertaken to isolate P. mirabilis from chicken faecal samples and investigate its antibiotic resistance status as well as virulence profiles in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsepo Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
- Gastrointestinal Research UnitDepartment of SurgerySchool of Clinical MedicineUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Taole Ramaili
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
| | - Kgaugelo Lekota
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - Kealeboga Mileng
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - Rendani Ndou
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
| | - Malekoba Mphuthi
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
| | - Ntelekwane Khasapane
- Department of Life SciencesCentre for Applied Food Safety and BiotechnologyCentral University of TechnologyBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Michelo Syakalima
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
- Department of Disease ControlSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of ZambiaLusakaZambia
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
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Elhoshi M, El-Sherbiny E, Elsheredy A, Aboulela AG. A correlation study between virulence factors and multidrug resistance among clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1387-1397. [PMID: 37535261 PMCID: PMC10484824 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Proteus mirabilis infections is a challenge due to the high abundance of virulence factors and the high intrinsic resistance to antimicrobials. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensive drug resistance (XDR) further challenge the control of P. mirabilis infection. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between virulence determinants and multidrug resistance in 100 clinical isolates of P. mirabilis collected in Alexandria from December 2019 to June 2021. Susceptibility to antimicrobials was tested by the Kirby Bauer method. Detection of swarming, urease, protease, hemolysin, and biofilm formation was performed phenotypically and by PCR amplification of zapA, flaA, ureC, mrpA, atfA, ucaA, hpmA, and luxS. MDR and XDR were detected in 34% and 5%, respectively. All isolates were positive for motility, swarming, urease, and protease production. Ninety percent were positive for hemolysin production, while 73% formed biofilm. All isolates possessed the ureC and zapA genes. The luxS, flaA, ucaA, hpmA, mrpA, and atfA genes were detected in 99%, 98%, 96% 90%, 89%, and 84%, respectively. The presence of a single biofilm-related gene was statistically correlated with non-biofilm production (P= 0.018). It was concluded that P. mirabilis isolates from catheterized-urine samples were significantly associated with biofilm formation. MDR and virulence were not statistically correlated. A significant positive correlation was detected between some virulence genes in P. mirabilis. Non-MDR isolates of P. mirabilis had a high abundance of virulence factors with no statistically significant difference from MDR. Most of the MDR and all XDR isolates could produce biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Elhoshi
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eglal El-Sherbiny
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amel Elsheredy
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Liu L, Dong Z, Ai S, Chen S, Dong M, Li Q, Zhou Z, Liu H, Zhong Z, Ma X, Hu Y, Ren Z, Fu H, Shu G, Qiu X, Peng G. Virulence-related factors and antimicrobial resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolated from domestic and stray dogs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1141418. [PMID: 37234544 PMCID: PMC10206225 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Proteus mirabilis is a multi-host pathogen that causes diseases of varying severity in a wide range of mammals, including humans. Proteus mirabilis is resistant to multiple antibiotics and has acquired the ability to produce expanded spectrum of β-lactamases, leading to serious public health problems. However, the available information on P. mirabilis isolated from feces of dogs, is still poorly understood, as is the correlation between its virulence-associated genes (VAGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Method In this study, we isolated 75 strains of P. mirabilis from 241 samples, and investigated the swarming motility, biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), distribution of VAGs and ARGs, as well as the presence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons in these isolates. Results Our findings suggest a high prevalence of intensive swarming motility and strong biofilm formation ability among P. mirabilis isolates. Isolates were primarily resistant to cefazolin (70.67%) and imipenem (70.67%). These isolates were found to carry ureC, FliL, ireA, zapA, ptA, hpmA, hpmB, pmfA, rsbA, mrpA, and ucaA with varying prevalence levels of 100.00, 100.00, 100.00, 98.67, 98.67, 90.67, 90.67, 90.67, 90.67, 89.33, and 70.67%, respectively. Additionally, the isolates were found to carry aac(6')-Ib, qnrD, floR, blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M-2, blaOXA-1, blaTEM, tetA, tetB and tetM with varying prevalence levels of 38.67, 32.00, 25.33, 17.33, 16.00, 10.67, 5.33, 2.67, 1.33, and 1.33%, respectively. Among 40 MDR strains, 14 (35.00%) were found to carry class 1 integrons, 12 (30.00%) strains carried class 2 integrons, while no class 3 integrons was detected. There was a significant positive correlation between the class 1 integrons and three ARGs: blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaCTX-M-2. This study revealed that P. mirabilis strains isolated from domestic dogs exhibited a higher prevalence of MDR, and carried fewer VAGs but more ARGs compared to those isolated from stay dogs. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between VAGs and ARGs. Discussion Given the increasing antimicrobial resistance of P. mirabilis, veterinarians should adopt a prudent approach towards antibiotics administration in dogs to mitigate the emergence and dissemination of MDR strains that pose a potential threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyou Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengquan Ai
- New Ruipeng Pet Healthcare Group, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianlan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianmeng Qiu
- New Ruipeng Pet Healthcare Group, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Suhartono S, Mahdani W, Khalizazia K. Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Clinical Specimens in the Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Proteus mirabilis is Gram-negative bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family causing various infections.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of Proteus mirabilis isolated from clinical specimens based on patients’ age, gender, type of specimen, and patient wards and their antibiotic sensitivity.
METHODS: This study involved isolating, identifying, and testing antibiotic susceptibility to Proteus mirabilis isolates recoverred from clinical specimens of dr. Zainoel Abidin general hospital Banda Aceh during March 2020-March 2022.
RESULTS: This study showed that 121 isolates of Proteus mirabilis were obtained from clinical specimens during the study with prevalence of almost 2%. Proteus mirabilis distribution based on the specimen type was most predominantly found in pus specimens and from patients in the the operating room and post surgery ward accounting for 84.29% and 35.53%. Proteus mirabilis was detected most frequently in individuals aged 46-55 years old (30.57 %), whereas it was found more frequently in men (71%) based on gender. The susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis to antibiotics was highest to cefoperazone, piperacillin/tazobactam, and amikacin reaching reaching 97.5%, 97.5, and 96.66%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The distribution of Proteus mirabilis isolates predominantly in pus specimens indicating its association with wound infections. Despite some antibiotics remain effective, implementation of the regular surveillance programs along with rational use of antibiotics may prevent the bacterial pathogen to spread particularly within healthcare settings.
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Zhang L, Dai Y, Lin M, Xu Q, Lin T, Gong T, Cheng B, Ji C, Cai D. Case Report: An Ulceration With a Stalactite Appearance on the Index Finger. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:801086. [PMID: 35510251 PMCID: PMC9058116 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.801086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis, the most widespread species of all Proteus spp. bacteria, is proven to be one of the most universal pathogens in chronic wounds. In this case, a woman in her 40s consulted a physician about an asymptomatic ulceration with a stalactite appearance at the distal end of the index finger after she was exposed to a needle when vaccinating chickens. The patient did not response to ceftazidime. Physical examination revealed a well-demarcated violescent ulceration with a stalactite appearance at the distal end of the index finger. A biopsy of the lesion showed dense infiltration of multinucleated giant cells, histiocytes, and lymphocytes in the dermis. The result of metagenomics next-generation sequencing (NGS) showed 306 unique sequence reads of P. mirabilis, covering 33.49% of the nucleotide sequences. The pathogen was identified as P. mirabilis, which was resistant to ceftazidime. The patient was treated with ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and improved considerably. This case reported a distinctive cutaneous lesion of P. mirabilis on human infection and showed a successful use of NGS in P. mirabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yalan Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Shishi Municipal General Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Mengting Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Ji,
| | - Donghua Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Shishi Municipal General Hospital, Quanzhou, China
- Donghua Cai,
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Molecular epidemiology of cefotaxime-resistant but ceftazidime-susceptible Enterobacterales and evaluation of the in vitro bactericidal activity of ceftazidime and cefepime. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1853-1863. [PMID: 34269999 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases' (ESBLs) production is the main resistance mechanism to third-generation cephalosporins (TGCs) in gram-negative bacilli. In Argentina, there is a high prevalence of cefotaximase-type ESBLs (CTX-M). For this reason, dissociated resistance phenotype (DRP) displaying a profile of resistance to cefotaxime (CTX) and susceptibility to ceftazidime (CAZ) might be detected. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of DRP in Enterobacterales clinical isolates, to characterize the mechanisms responsible for this phenotype and to evaluate the in vitro behaviour against different antibiotics. Sixty Enterobacterales resistant to any TGC were studied, and among them, 25% displayed a DRP. The β-lactamases associated with DRP were 5/11 CTX-M-2, 4/11 CTX-M-14, 1/11 CTX-M-15 and 1/11 CMY-2 in E. coli, 2/3 CTX-M-2 and 1/3 CMY-2 in P. mirabilis and 1/1 CTX-M-14 in K. pneumoniae. Furthermore, CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-14 were related with DRP in both wild-type isolates and the corresponding transconjugants. Time-kill experiments showed CAZ bactericidal activity on CTX-M-2-and CTX-M-14-producing strains and bacterial regrowth in those CMY-2 producers. An opposite behaviour was evident when cefepime (FEP) was used. However, CAZ and gentamicin combination showed a synergistic effect against the CMY-2 producers. We concluded that Enterobacterales with DRP responded differently to CAZ or FEP depending on the type of β-lactamase they possess, suggesting that these cephalosporins could be a therapeutic option. Therefore, the characterization of the involved resistance mechanism might contribute to define the appropriate antibiotic treatment.
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Zhang H, Wang H, Ma Z, Liu Y, Wu Z, Xu H, Qiao M. Characterization of Proteus vulgaris Strain P3M, a Foodborne Multidrug-Resistant Bacterium Isolated from Penaeus vannamei in China. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1360-1370. [PMID: 33877915 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteus vulgaris is an important foodborne opportunistic pathogen, both environmentally and clinically. The use of appropriate antibiotics has significant therapeutic effects, but has led to the emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains. In this study, a P. vulgaris strain, designated "P3M," was isolated from Penaeus vannamei in Tianjin, China. The whole genome of P3M was sequenced, generating detailed information, including the key genes involved in important metabolic pathways and their physiological functions. A total of 218 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were predicted in the genome. The determination of various minimum inhibitory concentrations indicated that P3M is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterium, with significant resistance to 16 antibiotics in seven categories. Determination of fractional inhibitory concentration index showed that the combination of ciprofloxacin plus tetracycline exhibited synergistic antimicrobial activity. Bioinformatics and phylogenetic analyses detected the presence of two two-component systems that mediate multidrug resistance and several mobile genetic elements involved in the horizontal transfer of ARGs in P3M. P. vulgaris strains represent a serious challenge to clinicians and infection control teams for its ubiquity worldwide and close relevance with human life. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first isolation and characterization of an important foodborne MDR P. vulgaris strain, and this study will provide necessary theoretical basis for the selection and clinical use of the appropriate antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hesuiyuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongqiang Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenzhou Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haijin Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Ioannou P, Vougiouklakis G. Infective endocarditis by Proteus species: a systematic review. Germs 2020; 10:229-239. [PMID: 33134201 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2020.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteus spp. are members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and are Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria known to mainly cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans. However, even though scarce evidence exists suggesting their potential to cause infective endocarditis (IE), a study summarizing the existing evidence is lacking. The purpose of this study was to systemically review all published cases of IE by Proteus species in the literature. A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library (through 5th May 2020) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical and microbiological data as well as data on treatment and outcomes of IE by Proteus species was performed. A total of 16 studies, containing data of 16 patients, were included. A prosthetic valve was present in 25%, while the most common causative pathogen was P. mirabilis. Aortic valve was the most common infected site in 33.3%, followed by mitral valve in 26.7%. Diagnosis was set with transesophageal echocardiography in 37.5%, and transthoracic echocardiography in 25%, while the diagnosis was set at autopsy in 25%. Fever and sepsis were present in 100% and 84.6%, respectively. Aminoglycosides and cephalosporins were the most common antimicrobials used for treatment. Clinical cure was noted in 62.5%, while overall mortality was 43.8%. This systematic review describes IE by Proteus species in detail and provides information on epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- MD, MSc, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, Stavrakia and Voutes crossroad, Heraklion, PC 71110, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Vougiouklakis
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, Stavrakia and Voutes crossroad, Heraklion, PC 71110, Crete, Greece
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Shaaban M, Abd El-Rahman OA, Al-Qaidi B, Ashour HM. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Probiotic Lactobacilli on Antibiotic-Resistant Proteus mirabilis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060960. [PMID: 32604867 PMCID: PMC7355612 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of biofilm-forming, multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Proteus mirabilis infections is a serious threat that necessitates non-antibiotic therapies. Antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm-forming activity of P. mirabilis isolates from urine samples were assessed by disc diffusion and crystal violet assays, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of probiotic Lactobacilli were evaluated by agar diffusion. Antibiofilm and anti-adherence activities were evaluated by crystal violet assays. While most P. mirabilis isolates were antibiotic-resistant to varying degrees, isolate P14 was MDR (resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin) and formed strong biofilms. Cultures and cell-free supernatants of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus reuteri exhibited antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. The 1/16 concentration of untreated supernatants of L. casei and L. reuteri significantly reduced mature biofilm formation and adherence of P14 by 60% and 72%, respectively (for L. casei), and by 73% each (for L. reuteri). The 1/8 concentration of pH-adjusted supernatants of L. casei and L. reuteri significantly reduced mature biofilm formation and adherence of P14 by 39% and 75%, respectively (for L. casei), and by 73% each (for L. reuteri). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed eradication of P14’s biofilm by L. casei. L. casei and L. reuteri could be utilized to combat Proteus-associated urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Shaaban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Ola A. Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| | - Bashair Al-Qaidi
- Madinah Maternity and Children Hospital, Madinah 42319, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hossam M. Ashour
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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