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Chen X, Liu Y, Stavrinou P, Stavrinou L, Hu W, Goldbrunner R, Zheng F, He H. Spinal cord injury: Olfactory ensheathing cell-based therapeutic strategies. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25283. [PMID: 38284859 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling neurological disorder that is difficult to treat due to its complex pathophysiology and nerve regeneration difficulties. Hence, effective SCI treatments are necessary. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), glial cells derived from the olfactory bulb or mucosa, are ideal candidates for SCI treatment because of their neuroprotective and regenerative properties, ample supply, and convenience. In vitro, animal model, and human trial studies have reported discoveries on OEC transplantation; however, shortcomings have also been demonstrated. Recent studies have optimized various OEC transplantation strategies, including drug integration, biomaterials, and gene editing. This review aims to introduce OECs mechanisms in repairing SCI, summarize the research progress of OEC transplantation-optimized strategies, and provide novel research ideas for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yibin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Pantelis Stavrinou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Neurosurgery, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Lampis Stavrinou
- 2nd Department of Neurosurgery, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hefan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Li T, Peng J, Li Q, Shu Y, Zhu P, Hao L. The Mechanism and Role of ADAMTS Protein Family in Osteoarthritis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070959. [PMID: 35883515 PMCID: PMC9313267 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a principal cause of aches and disability worldwide. It is characterized by the inflammation of the bone leading to degeneration and loss of cartilage function. Factors, including diet, age, and obesity, impact and/or lead to osteoarthritis. In the past few years, OA has received considerable scholarly attention owing to its increasing prevalence, resulting in a cumbersome burden. At present, most of the interventions only relieve short-term symptoms, and some treatments and drugs can aggravate the disease in the long run. There is a pressing need to address the safety problems due to osteoarthritis. A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type 1 repeats (ADAMTS) metalloproteinase is a kind of secretory zinc endopeptidase, comprising 19 kinds of zinc endopeptidases. ADAMTS has been implicated in several human diseases, including OA. For example, aggrecanases, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5, participate in the cleavage of aggrecan in the extracellular matrix (ECM); ADAMTS-7 and ADAMTS-12 participate in the fission of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) into COMP lyase, and ADAMTS-2, ADAMTS-3, and ADAMTS-14 promote the formation of collagen fibers. In this article, we principally review the role of ADAMTS metalloproteinases in osteoarthritis. From three different dimensions, we explain how ADAMTS participates in all the following aspects of osteoarthritis: ECM, cartilage degeneration, and synovial inflammation. Thus, ADAMTS may be a potential therapeutic target in osteoarthritis, and this article may render a theoretical basis for the study of new therapeutic methods for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Yuan Shu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Peijun Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Liang Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13607008562; Fax: +86-86415785
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Repetitive Trans Spinal Magnetic Stimulation Improves Functional Recovery and Tissue Repair in Contusive and Penetrating Spinal Cord Injury Models in Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121827. [PMID: 34944643 PMCID: PMC8698720 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an incurable condition in which the brain is disconnected partially or completely from the periphery. Mainly, SCIs are traumatic and are due to traffic, domestic or sport accidents. To date, SCIs are incurable and, most of the time, leave the patients with a permanent loss of sensitive and motor functions. Therefore, for several decades, researchers have tried to develop treatments to cure SCI. Among them, recently, our lab has demonstrated that, in mice, repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS) can, after SCI, modulate the lesion scar and can induce functional locomotor recovery non-invasively. These results are promising; however, before we can translate them to humans, it is important to reproduce them in a more clinically relevant model. Indeed, SCIs do not lead to the same cellular events in mice and humans. In particular, SCIs in humans induce the formation of cystic cavities. That is why we propose here to validate the effects of rTSMS in a rat animal model in which SCI leads to the formation of cystic cavities after penetrating and contusive SCI. To do so, several techniques, including immunohistochemical, behavioral and MRI, were performed. Our results demonstrate that rTSMS, in both SCI models, modulates the lesion scar by decreasing the formation of cystic cavities and by improving axonal survival. Moreover, rTSMS, in both models, enhances functional locomotor recovery. Altogether, our study describes that rTSMS exerts positive effects after SCI in rats. This study is a further step towards the use of this treatment in humans.
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Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) destroys the sensorimotor pathway and blocks the information flow between the peripheral nerve and the brain, resulting in autonomic function loss. Numerous studies have explored the effects of obstructed information flow on brain structure and function and proved the extensive plasticity of the brain after SCI. Great progress has also been achieved in therapeutic strategies for SCI to restore the "re-innervation" of the cerebral cortex to the limbs to some extent. Although no thorough research has been conducted, the changes of brain structure and function caused by "re-domination" have been reported. This article is a review of the recent research progress on local structure, functional changes, and circuit reorganization of the cerebral cortex after SCI. Alterations of structure and electrical activity characteristics of brain neurons, features of brain functional reorganization, and regulation of brain functions by reconfigured information flow were also explored. The integration of brain function is the basis for the human body to exercise complex/fine movements and is intricately and widely regulated by information flow. Hence, its changes after SCI and treatments should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhao
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Rao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Delarue Q, Robac A, Massardier R, Marie JP, Guérout N. Comparison of the effects of two therapeutic strategies based on olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation and repetitive magnetic stimulation after spinal cord injury in female mice. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1835-1849. [PMID: 33960512 PMCID: PMC8359979 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition, which leads to a permanent loss of functions below the injury site. The events which take place after SCI are characterized by cellular death, release of inhibitory factors, and inflammation. Many therapies have been studied to cure SCI, among them magnetic stimulation aims to reduce the secondary damages in particular by decreasing apoptosis, while, cellular transplantation promotes neuroregeneration by enhancing axonal regrowth. In the present study, we compared individually primary olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation and repetitive trans‐spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS) and then, we combined these two therapeutic approaches on tissue repair and functional recovery after SCI. To do so, SCIs were performed at Th10 level on female C57BL/6 mice, which were randomized into four groups: SCI, SCI + primary bOECs, SCI + STM, SCI + primary bulbar olfactory ensheathing cells (bOECs) + stimulation (STM). On these animals bioluminescence, immunohistological, and behavioral experiments were performed after SCI. Our results show that rTSMS has beneficial effect on the modulation of spinal scar by reducing fibrosis, demyelination, and microglial cell activation and by increasing the astroglial component of the scar, while, primary bOEC transplantation decreases microglial reactivity. At the opposite, locotronic experiments show that both treatments induce functional recovery. We did not observed any additional effect by combining the two therapeutic approaches. Taken together, the present study indicates that primary bOEC transplantation and rTSMS treatment act through different mechanisms after SCI to induce functional recovery. In our experimental paradigm, the combination of the two therapies does not induce any additional benefit.
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Key Words
- RRID:AB_10563302: PDGFRβ, Abcam, ab91066
- RRID:AB_10643424: PE, poly4064, BioLegend, 406408
- RRID:AB_2313568: Jackson ImmunoResearch, 711-166-152
- RRID:AB_2340667: Jackson ImmunoResearch, 712-165-153
- RRID:AB_2340812: Jackson ImmunoResearch, 715-165-140
- RRID:AB_2715913: Alexa 488, MRG2b-85, BioLegend
- RRID:AB_306827: p75, Abcam, ab8874
- RRID:AB_476889: GFAP Cy3-conjugated Sigma-Aldrich, C9205
- RRID:AB_777165:P DGFRβAbcam ab32570
- RRID:AB_839504: Iba1, Wako, 019-19741
- RRID:AB_94975: MBP, Millipore, MAB386
- RRID:IMSR_JAX:008450: L2G85Chco+/+ (FVB-Tg(CAG-luc,-GFP)L2G85Chco/J)
- glial scar
- magnetic stimulation
- olfactory ensheathing cells and neuroregeneration
- rehabilitation
- spinal cord injury
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Delarue
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA3830-GRHV, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Amandine Robac
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA3830-GRHV, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Romane Massardier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA3830-GRHV, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Paul Marie
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA3830-GRHV, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Guérout
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA3830-GRHV, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
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Yang B, Zhang F, Cheng F, Ying L, Wang C, Shi K, Wang J, Xia K, Gong Z, Huang X, Yu C, Li F, Liang C, Chen Q. Strategies and prospects of effective neural circuits reconstruction after spinal cord injury. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:439. [PMID: 32513969 PMCID: PMC7280216 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the disconnection of surviving neural elements after spinal cord injury (SCI), such patients had to suffer irreversible loss of motor or sensory function, and thereafter enormous economic and emotional burdens were brought to society and family. Despite many strategies being dealing with SCI, there is still no effective regenerative therapy. To date, significant progress has been made in studies of SCI repair strategies, including gene regulation of neural regeneration, cell or cell-derived exosomes and growth factors transplantation, repair of biomaterials, and neural signal stimulation. The pathophysiology of SCI is complex and multifaceted, and its mechanisms and processes are incompletely understood. Thus, combinatorial therapies have been demonstrated to be more effective, and lead to better neural circuits reconstruction and functional recovery. Combinations of biomaterials, stem cells, growth factors, drugs, and exosomes have been widely developed. However, simply achieving axon regeneration will not spontaneously lead to meaningful functional recovery. Therefore, the formation and remodeling of functional neural circuits also depend on rehabilitation exercises, such as exercise training, electrical stimulation (ES) and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). In this review, we summarize the recent progress in biological and engineering strategies for reconstructing neural circuits and promoting functional recovery after SCI, and emphasize current challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Liwei Ying
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Kesi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Zhe Gong
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Xianpeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Cao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Precision and Department of Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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