|
1
|
Bielanin JP, Metwally SAH, Paruchuri SS, Sun D. An overview of mild traumatic brain injuries and emerging therapeutic targets. Neurochem Int 2024; 172:105655. [PMID: 38072207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
The majority of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), approximately 90%, are classified as mild (mTBIs). Globally, an estimated 4 million injuries occur each year from concussions or mTBIs, highlighting their significance as a public health crisis. TBIs can lead to substantial long-term health consequences, including an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease (PD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and nearly doubling one's risk of suicide. However, the current management of mTBIs in clinical practice and the available treatment options are limited. There exists an unmet need for effective therapy. This review addresses various aspects of mTBIs based on the most up-to-date literature review, with the goal of stimulating translational research to identify new therapeutic targets and improve our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms. First, we provide a summary of mTBI symptomatology and current diagnostic parameters such as the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for classifying mTBIs or concussions, as well as the utility of alternative diagnostic parameters, including imaging techniques like MRI with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and serum biomarkers such as S100B, NSE, GFAP, UCH-L1, NFL, and t-tau. Our review highlights several pre-clinical concussion models employed in the study of mTBIs and the underlying cellular mechanisms involved in mTBI-related pathogenesis, including axonal damage, demyelination, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Finally, we examine a selection of new therapeutic targets currently under investigation in pre-clinical models. These targets may hold promise for clinical translation and address the pressing need for more effective treatments for mTBIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Bielanin
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Shamseldin A H Metwally
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Satya S Paruchuri
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dandan Sun
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Lippa SM, Yeh PH, Kennedy JE, Bailie JM, Ollinger J, Brickell TA, French LM, Lange RT. Lifetime Blast Exposure Is Not Related to White Matter Integrity in Service Members and Veterans With and Without Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:827-837. [PMID: 38156076 PMCID: PMC10754347 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the impact of lifetime blast exposure on white matter integrity in service members and veterans (SMVs). Participants were 227 SMVs, including those with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI; n = 124), orthopedic injury controls (n = 58), and non-injured controls (n = 45), prospectively enrolled in a Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC)/Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence (TBICoE) study. Participants were divided into three groups based on number of self-reported lifetime blast exposures: none (n = 53); low (i.e., 1-9 blasts; n = 81); and high (i.e., ≥10 blasts; n = 93). All participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at least 11 months post-injury. Tract-of-interest (TOI) analysis was applied to investigate fractional anisotropy and mean, radial, and axial diffusivity (AD) in left and right total cerebral white matter as well as 24 tracts. Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction was used. Regressions investigating blast exposure and mTBI on white matter integrity, controlling for age, revealed that the presence of mTBI history was associated with lower AD in the bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus and arcuate fasciculus and left cingulum (βs = -0.255 to -0.174; ps < 0.01); however, when non-injured controls were removed from the sample (but orthopedic injury controls remained), these relationships were attenuated and did not survive FDR correction. Regression models were rerun with modified post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis added as a predictor. After FDR correction, PTSD was not significantly associated with white matter integrity in any of the models. Overall, there was no relationship between white matter integrity and self-reported lifetime blast exposure or PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Lippa
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ping-Hong Yeh
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jan E. Kennedy
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Contractor, General Dynamics Information Technology, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jason M. Bailie
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Contractor, General Dynamics Information Technology, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- 33 Area Branch Clinic, Camp Pendleton, California, USA
| | - John Ollinger
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracey A. Brickell
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Contractor, General Dynamics Information Technology, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Louis M. French
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rael T. Lange
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Contractor, General Dynamics Information Technology, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Pankatz L, Rojczyk P, Seitz-Holland J, Bouix S, Jung LB, Wiegand TLT, Bonke EM, Sollmann N, Kaufmann E, Carrington H, Puri T, Rathi Y, Coleman MJ, Pasternak O, George MS, McAllister TW, Zafonte R, Stein MB, Marx CE, Shenton ME, Koerte IK. Adverse Outcome Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Is Associated with Microstructure Alterations at the Gray and White Matter Boundary. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5415. [PMID: 37629457 PMCID: PMC10455493 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gray matter/white matter (GM/WM) boundary of the brain is vulnerable to shear strain associated with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). It is, however, unknown whether GM/WM microstructure is associated with long-term outcomes following mTBI. The diffusion and structural MRI data of 278 participants between 18 and 65 years of age with and without military background from the Department of Defense INTRuST study were analyzed. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was extracted at the GM/WM boundary across the brain and for each lobe. Additionally, two conventional analytic approaches were used: whole-brain deep WM FA (TBSS) and whole-brain cortical thickness (FreeSurfer). ANCOVAs were applied to assess differences between the mTBI cohort (n = 147) and the comparison cohort (n = 131). Associations between imaging features and post-concussive symptom severity, and functional and cognitive impairment were investigated using partial correlations while controlling for mental health comorbidities that are particularly common among military cohorts and were present in both the mTBI and comparison group. Findings revealed significantly lower whole-brain and lobe-specific GM/WM boundary FA (p < 0.011), and deep WM FA (p = 0.001) in the mTBI cohort. Whole-brain and lobe-specific GM/WM boundary FA was significantly negatively correlated with post-concussive symptoms (p < 0.039), functional (p < 0.016), and cognitive impairment (p < 0.049). Deep WM FA was associated with functional impairment (p = 0.002). Finally, no significant difference was observed in cortical thickness, nor between cortical thickness and outcome (p > 0.05). Findings from this study suggest that microstructural alterations at the GM/WM boundary may be sensitive markers of adverse long-term outcomes following mTBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pankatz
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Philine Rojczyk
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Seitz-Holland
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
- Département de génie logiciel et TI, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Leonard B. Jung
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Tim L. T. Wiegand
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elena M. Bonke
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Nico Sollmann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaufmann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Holly Carrington
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
- Brain Injury Research Center of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Twishi Puri
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Michael J. Coleman
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark S. George
- Psychiatry Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Thomas W. McAllister
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Murray B. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Christine E. Marx
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Martha E. Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Inga K. Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA; (L.P.); (P.R.); (J.S.-H.); (S.B.); (L.B.J.); (T.L.T.W.); (E.M.B.); (N.S.); (E.K.); (H.C.); (T.P.); (Y.R.); (M.J.C.); (O.P.); (M.E.S.)
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Lynch DG, Narayan RK, Li C. Multi-Mechanistic Approaches to the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062179. [PMID: 36983181 PMCID: PMC10052098 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite extensive research efforts, the majority of trialed monotherapies to date have failed to demonstrate significant benefit. It has been suggested that this is due to the complex pathophysiology of TBI, which may possibly be addressed by a combination of therapeutic interventions. In this article, we have reviewed combinations of different pharmacologic treatments, combinations of non-pharmacologic interventions, and combined pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions for TBI. Both preclinical and clinical studies have been included. While promising results have been found in animal models, clinical trials of combination therapies have not yet shown clear benefit. This may possibly be due to their application without consideration of the evolving pathophysiology of TBI. Improvements of this paradigm may come from novel interventions guided by multimodal neuromonitoring and multimodal imaging techniques, as well as the application of multi-targeted non-pharmacologic and endogenous therapies. There also needs to be a greater representation of female subjects in preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Lynch
- Translational Brain Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Raj K. Narayan
- Translational Brain Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, NY 11576, USA
| | - Chunyan Li
- Translational Brain Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|