1
|
Chakraborty A, Yang C, Kresak JL, Silver A, Feier D, Tian G, Andrews M, Sobanjo OO, Hodge ED, Engelbart MK, Huang J, Harrison JK, Sarkisian MR, Mitchell DA, Deleyrolle LP. KR158 spheres harboring slow-cycling cells recapitulate GBM features in an immunocompetent system. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577279. [PMID: 38501121 PMCID: PMC10945590 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) poses a significant challenge in clinical oncology due to its aggressive nature, heterogeneity, and resistance to therapies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in GBM, particularly in treatment-resistance and tumor relapse, emphasizing the need to comprehend the mechanisms regulating these cells. Also, their multifaceted contributions to the tumor-microenvironment (TME) underline their significance, driven by their unique properties. This study aimed to characterize glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), specifically slow-cycling cells (SCCs), in an immunocompetent murine GBM model to explore their similarities with their human counterparts. Using the KR158 mouse model, we confirmed that SCCs isolated from this model exhibited key traits and functional properties akin to human SCCs. KR158 murine SCCs, expanded in the gliomasphere assay, demonstrated sphere forming ability, self-renewing capacity, positive tumorigenicity, enhanced stemness and resistance to chemotherapy. Together, our findings validate the KR158 murine model as a framework to investigate GSCs and SCCs in GBM-pathology, and explore specifically the SCC-immune system communications, understand their role in disease progression, and evaluate the effect of therapeutic strategies targeting these specific connections.
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang L, Ma J, Liu L, Li G, Li H, Hao Y, Zhang X, Ma X, Chen Y, Wu J, Wang X, Yang S, Xu S. Adaptive therapy: a tumor therapy strategy based on Darwinian evolution theory. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 192:104192. [PMID: 37898477 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is a dynamic process of continuous evolution, in which genetic diversity and heterogeneity are generated by clonal and subclonal amplification based on random mutations. Traditional cancer treatment strategies have a great challenge, which often leads to treatment failure due to drug resistance. Integrating evolutionary dynamics into treatment regimens may be an effective way to overcome the problem of drug resistance. In particular, a potential treatment is adaptive therapy, which strategy advocates containment strategies that adjust the treatment cycles according to tumor evolution to control the growth of treatment-resistant cells. In this review, we first summarize the shortcomings of traditional tumor treatment methods in evolution and then introduce the theoretical basis and research status of adaptive therapy. By analyzing the limitations of adaptive therapy and exploring possible solutions, we can broaden people's understanding of adaptive therapy and provide new insights and strategies for tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jianli Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guozheng Li
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hui Li
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yi Hao
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yihai Chen
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jiale Wu
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xinheng Wang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gil-Gas C, Sánchez-Díez M, Honrubia-Gómez P, Sánchez-Sánchez JL, Alvarez-Simón CB, Sabater S, Sánchez-Sánchez F, Ramírez-Castillejo C. Self-Renewal Inhibition in Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Moonlight Role of PEDF in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5422. [PMID: 38001682 PMCID: PMC10670784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among females in developed countries. Although the implementation of screening tests and the development of new therapies have increased the probability of remission, relapse rates remain high. Numerous studies have indicated the connection between cancer-initiating cells and slow cellular cycle cells, identified by their capacity to retain long labeling (LT+). In this study, we perform new assays showing how stem cell self-renewal modulating proteins, such as PEDF, can modify the properties, percentage of biomarker-expressing cells, and carcinogenicity of cancer stem cells. The PEDF signaling pathway could be a useful tool for controlling cancer stem cells' self-renewal and therefore control patient relapse, as PEDF enhances resistance in breast cancer patient cells' in vitro culture. We have designed a peptide consisting of the C-terminal part of this protein, which acts by blocking endogenous PEDF in cell culture assays. We demonstrate that it is possible to interfere with the self-renewal capacity of cancer stem cells, induce anoikis in vivo, and reduce resistance against docetaxel treatment in cancer patient cells in in vitro culture. We have also demonstrated that this modified PEDF protein produces a significant decrease in the percentage of expressed cancer stem cell markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gil-Gas
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (P.H.-G.)
| | - Marta Sánchez-Díez
- HST Group, Department Biotechnology-BV, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Paloma Honrubia-Gómez
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (P.H.-G.)
| | - Jose Luis Sánchez-Sánchez
- Oncology Unit, Hospital General de Almansa, 02640 Albacete, Spain;
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Carmen B. Alvarez-Simón
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (C.G.-G.); (P.H.-G.)
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Sebastia Sabater
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Investigaciones en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), University of Castilla La-Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramírez-Castillejo
- HST Group, Department Biotechnology-BV, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Izadpanah A, Mohammadkhani N, Masoudnia M, Ghasemzad M, Saeedian A, Mehdizadeh H, Poorebrahim M, Ebrahimi M. Update on immune-based therapy strategies targeting cancer stem cells. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18960-18980. [PMID: 37698048 PMCID: PMC10557910 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data reveals that tumors possess a specialized subset of cancer cells named cancer stem cells (CSCs), responsible for metastasis and recurrence of malignancies, with various properties such as self-renewal, heterogenicity, and capacity for drug resistance. Some signaling pathways or processes like Notch, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), Hedgehog (Hh), and Wnt, as well as CSCs' surface markers such as CD44, CD123, CD133, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) have pivotal roles in acquiring CSCs properties. Therefore, targeting CSC-related signaling pathways and surface markers might effectively eradicate tumors and pave the way for cancer survival. Since current treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy cannot eradicate all of the CSCs and tumor relapse may happen following temporary recovery, improving novel and more efficient therapeutic options to combine with current treatments is required. Immunotherapy strategies are the new therapeutic modalities with promising results in targeting CSCs. Here, we review the targeting of CSCs by immunotherapy strategies such as dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-engineered immune cells, natural killer-cell (NK-cell) therapy, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), checkpoint inhibitors, and the use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) in pre-clinical and clinical studies. This review will mainly focus on blood malignancies but also describe solid cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Izadpanah
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Niloufar Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mina Masoudnia
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mahsa Ghasemzad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology‐Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | - Arefeh Saeedian
- Radiation Oncology Research CenterCancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Radiation OncologyCancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamid Mehdizadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Mansour Poorebrahim
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of CalgaryAlbertaCalgaryCanada
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of regenerative medicineCell Science research Center, Royan Institute for stem cell biology and technology, ACECRTehranIran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feijtel D, Reuvers TGA, van Tuyll-van Serooskerken C, de Ridder CMA, Stuurman DC, de Blois E, Verkaik NS, de Bruijn P, Koolen SLW, de Jong M, Nonnekens J. In Vivo Efficacy Testing of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy Radiosensitization Using Olaparib. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030915. [PMID: 36765883 PMCID: PMC9913849 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), a form of internal targeted radiation treatment using [177Lu]Lu [DOTA0-Tyr3]octreotate, is used to treat patients with metastasized neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Even though PRRT is now the second line of treatment for patients with metastasized NETs, the majority of patients will not be cured by the treatment. PRRT functions by inducing DNA damage upon radioactive decay and inhibition of DNA damage repair proteins could therefore be used as a strategy to potentiate PRRT. Previous work has shown promising results on the combination of PRRT with the PARP inhibitor olaparib in cell lines and mice and we have been taken the next step for further in vivo validation using two different xenografted mouse models. We observed that this combination therapy resulted in increased therapeutic efficacy only in one model and not the other. Overall, our findings indicate a tumor-type dependent anti-tumor response to the combination of PRRT and olaparib. These data emphasize the unmet need for the molecular stratification of tumors to predetermine the potential clinical value of combining PARP inhibition with PRRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danny Feijtel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thom G. A. Reuvers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Corrina M. A. de Ridder
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debra C. Stuurman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Blois
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole S. Verkaik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter de Bruijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn L. W. Koolen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Nonnekens
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng A, Bilbao M, Sookram J, Linden KM, Morgan AB, Ostrovsky O. Epigenetic drugs induce the potency of classic chemotherapy, suppress post-treatment re-growth of breast cancer, but preserve the wound healing ability of stem cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:254-264. [PMID: 35389825 PMCID: PMC8993057 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2052540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic therapy augments neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in breast cancer and may aid post-surgical wound healing affected by NACT. Our study investigates: (1) The cytotoxicity of classic paclitaxel chemotherapy on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) independently and in combination with epigenetic drugs. (2) The sustainable inhibition of breast cancer regrowth following paclitaxel and epigenetic therapies. (3) The effects of paclitaxel with and without epigenetic therapy on the post-treatment viability and wound healing potential of adipose stem cells (ASCs). Cytotoxicity assays were performed on TNBC and ASCs. Cells were treated and recovered in drug-free medium. Cell viability was measured via cell counts and MTT assays. W -ound healing was tested with scratch assays. The combination of epigenetic drugs shows increased toxicity against TNBC cells compared to standard chemotherapy alone. Moreover, the combination of paclitaxel with epigenetic treatments causes cancer toxicity that is sustainable to TNBC cells after the drugs' removal with minimal effect on ASCs wound healing ability. The use of epigenetic drugs in addition to standard chemotherapy is cytotoxic to TNBC cells and prevents post-treatment recovery of TNBC while maintaining ASC wound healing ability. This strategy may be useful in maximizing post-surgical wound healing following NACT in TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Michelle Bilbao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Janhvi Sookram
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Kimberly M Linden
- Department of General Surgery, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew B Morgan
- Department of General Surgery, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Olga Ostrovsky
- Division of Surgical Research, Cooper University Healthcare, Camden, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kusienicka A, Cieśla M, Bukowska-Strakova K, Nowak WN, Bronisz-Budzyńska I, Seretny A, Żukowska M, Jeż M, Wolnik J, Józkowicz A. Slow-cycling murine melanoma cells display plasticity and enhanced tumorigenicity in syngeneic transplantation assay. Neoplasia 2022; 36:100865. [PMID: 36563633 PMCID: PMC9798190 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow-cycling cancer cells (SCC) contribute to the aggressiveness of many cancers, and their invasiveness and chemoresistance pose a great therapeutic challenge. However, in melanoma, their tumor-initiating abilities are not fully understood. In this study, we used the syngeneic transplantation assay to investigate the tumor-initiating properties of melanoma SCC in the physiologically relevant in vivo settings. For this we used B16-F10 murine melanoma cell line where we identified a small fraction of SCC. We found that, unlike human melanoma, the murine melanoma SCC were not marked by the high expression of the epigenetic enzyme Jarid1b. At the same time, their slow-cycling phenotype was a temporary state, similar to what was described in human melanoma. Progeny of SCC had slightly increased doxorubicin resistance and altered expression of melanogenesis genes, independent of the expression of cancer stem cell markers. Single-cell expansion of SCC revealed delayed growth and reduced clone formation when compared to non-SCC, which was further confirmed by an in vitro limiting dilution assay. Finally, syngeneic transplantation of 10 cells in vivo established that SCC were able to initiate growth in primary recipients and continue growth in the serial transplantation assay, suggesting their self-renewal nature. Together, our study highlights the high plasticity and tumorigenicity of murine melanoma SCC and suggests their role in melanoma aggressiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kusienicka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Maciej Cieśla
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Karolina Bukowska-Strakova
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-663 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Witold Norbert Nowak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Iwona Bronisz-Budzyńska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Seretny
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Monika Żukowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Jeż
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jan Wolnik
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Alicja Józkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leung D, Price ZK, Lokman NA, Wang W, Goonetilleke L, Kadife E, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C, Kannourakis G, Ahmed N. Platinum-resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer: an interplay of epithelial-mesenchymal transition interlinked with reprogrammed metabolism. J Transl Med 2022; 20:556. [PMID: 36463238 PMCID: PMC9719259 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological cancer worldwide. Chemotherapy resistance represents a significant clinical challenge and is the main reason for poor ovarian cancer prognosis. We identified novel expression of markers related to epithelial mesenchymal transitions (EMT) in a carboplatin resistant ovarian cancer cell line by proteomics. This was validated in the platinum resistant versus sensitive parental cell lines, as well as platinum resistant versus sensitive human ovarian cancer patient samples. The prognostic significance of the different proteomics-identified marker proteins in prognosis prediction on survival as well as their correlative association and influence on immune cell infiltration was determined by public domain data bases. METHODS We explored the proteomic differences between carboplatin-sensitive OVCAR5 cells (parental) and their carboplatin-resistant counterpart, OVCAR5 CBPR cells. qPCR and western blots were performed to validate differentially expressed proteins at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Association of the identified proteins with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) prompted the investigation of cell motility. Cellular bioenergetics and proliferation were studied to delineate any biological adaptations that facilitate cancer progression. Expression of differentially expressed proteins was assessed in ovarian tumors obtained from platinum-sensitive (n = 15) versus platinum-resistant patients (n = 10), as well as matching tumors from patients at initial diagnosis and following relapse (n = 4). Kaplan-Meier plotter and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) databases were used to determine the prognostic significance and influence of the different proteomics-identified proteins on immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). RESULTS Our proteomics study identified 2422 proteins in both cell lines. Of these, 18 proteins were upregulated and 14 were downregulated by ≥ twofold (p < 0.05) in OVCAR5 CBPR cells. Gene ontology enrichment analysis amongst upregulated proteins revealed an overrepresentation of biological processes consistent with EMT in the resistant cell line. Enhanced mRNA and/or protein expression of the identified EMT modulators including ITGA2, TGFBI, AKR1B1, ITGAV, ITGA1, GFPT2, FLNA and G6PD were confirmed in OVCAR5 CBPR cells compared to parental OVCAR5 cell line. Consistent with the altered EMT profile, the OVCAR5 CBPR cells demonstrated enhanced migration and reduced proliferation, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. The upregulation of G6PD, AKR1B1, ITGAV, and TGFβ1 in OVCAR5 CBPR cells was also identified in the tumors of platinum-resistant compared to platinum-sensitive high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients. Matching tumors of relapsed versus newly diagnosed HGSOC patients also showed enhanced expression of AKR1B1, ITGAV, TGFβ1 and G6PD protein in relapsed tumors. Among the identified proteins, significant enhanced expression of GFPT2, FLNA, TGFBI (CDGG1), ITGA2 predicted unfavorable prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. Further analysis suggested that the expression of TGFBI to correlate positively with the expression of identified and validated proteins such as GFPT2, FLNA, G6PD, ITGAV, ITGA1 and ITGA2; and with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in the TME. CONCLUSIONS Our research demonstrates proteomic-based discovery of novel EMT-related markers with an altered metabolic profile in platinum-resistant versus sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines. The study also confirms the expression of selected identified markers in the tumors of platinum-resistant versus sensitive, and in matching relapsed versus newly diagnosed HGSOC patients. The study provides insights into the metabolic adaptation of EMT-induced carboplatin resistant cells that confers on them reduced proliferation to provide effective migratory advantage; and the role of some of these identified proteins in ovarian cancer prognosis. These observations warrant further investigation of these novel target proteins in platinum-resistant patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilys Leung
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Central Technology Central Park, Ballarat, Vic 3353 Australia
| | - Zoe K. Price
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Noor A. Lokman
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Wanqi Wang
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Lizamarie Goonetilleke
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Elif Kadife
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Central Technology Central Park, Ballarat, Vic 3353 Australia
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia ,grid.416075.10000 0004 0367 1221Department of Gynecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Central Technology Central Park, Ballarat, Vic 3353 Australia ,grid.1040.50000 0001 1091 4859School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC 3350 Australia
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Central Technology Central Park, Ballarat, Vic 3353 Australia ,grid.1040.50000 0001 1091 4859School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC 3350 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kondapaneni RV, Warren R, Rao SS. Low dose chemotherapy induces a dormant state in brain metastatic breast cancer spheroids. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Vamsi Kondapaneni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
| | - Rachel Warren
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
| | - Shreyas S. Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Romiplostim addition to conditioning prior to HSCT allows chemotherapy reduction while maintaining engraftment levels. Blood Adv 2022; 6:4485-4489. [PMID: 35736667 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) offers are curative treatment approach for certain benign and malignant hematologic diseases. The actual HSCT is preceded by a conditioning therapy that reduces host-versus HSCT graft rejection and creates niche space for transplanted Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs). Conditioning consists of chemotherapy with or without irradiation and is a major cause of side-effects in HSCT. However, reduction of the intensity of cytotoxic conditioning leads to higher rates of engrafment failure and increased rates of relapse. In the present study, we investigated in how far sensitization of HSPCs to chemotherapy allows a reduction of the dose of drugs used as conditioning regimen in an HSCT mouse model. The thrombopoietin receptor agonist Romiplostim was shown to induce cell cycling activity in Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs). We thus tested if the addition of Romiplostim to the clinically applied conditioning chemotherapy regimen cyclophosphamide and busulfan leads to increased efficacy of the chemotherapeutic regimen. We found that Romiplostim not only sensitizes HSCs to chemotherapy but also enables a reduction of the main chemotherapeutic component Busulfan by half, while HSC engraftment levels are maintained in long-term, serial transplantation assays.
Collapse
|
11
|
Tan H, Wang H, Ma J, Deng H, He Q, Chen Q, Zhang Q. Identification of human LDHC4 as a potential target for anticancer drug discovery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2348-2357. [PMID: 35646544 PMCID: PMC9136605 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the distinct hallmarks of cancer cells is aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is thought to play a key role in aerobic glycolysis and has been extensively studied, while lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC), an isoform of LDHA, has received much less attention. Here we showed that human LDHC was significantly expressed in lung cancer tissues, overexpression of Ldhc in mice could promote tumor growth, and knock-down of LDHC could inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer A549 cells. We solved the first crystal structure of human LDHC4 and found that the active-site loop of LDHC4 adopted a distinct conformation compared to LDHA4 and lactate dehydrogenase B4 (LDHB4). Moreover, we found that (ethylamino) (oxo)acetic acid shows about 10 times selective inhibition against LDHC4 over LDHA4 and LDHB4. Our studies suggest that LDHC4 is a potential target for anticancer drug discovery and (ethylamino) (oxo)acetic acid provides a good start to develop lead compounds for selective drugs targeting LDHC4.
Collapse
|
12
|
Role of Amino Acid Transporter SNAT1/SLC38A1 in Human Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092151. [PMID: 35565278 PMCID: PMC9099705 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant melanoma originates from melanocytes. Due to its high metastatic potential and its increasing incidence, it is one of the most aggressive types of cancer. Cancer cells generally exhibit an elevated metabolism, consequently adapting their expression of transport proteins to meet the increased demand of nutrients, such as amino acids. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression and function of the amino acid transporter SNAT1 in human melanoma. In addition, we wanted to determine its role in development and progression of malignant melanoma. We revealed that SNAT1 is overexpressed in melanoma tissue samples, as well as primary and metastatic cell lines. Moreover, we were able to show that SNAT1 plays an important role in forcing proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and inhibiting senescence of melanoma cells. Amino acid transporters like SNAT1 are therefore promising targets for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against melanoma. Abstract The tumor metabolism is an important driver of cancer cell survival and growth, as rapidly dividing tumor cells exhibit a high demand for energetic sources and must adapt to microenvironmental changes. Therefore, metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and the associated deregulation of nutrient transporters are a hallmark of cancer cells. Amino acids are essential for cancer cells to synthesize the necessary amount of protein, DNA, and RNA. Although cancer cells can synthesize glutamine de novo, most cancer cells show an increased uptake of glutamine from the tumor microenvironment. Especially SNAT1/SLC38A1, a member of the sodium neutral amino acid transporter (SNAT) family, plays an essential role during major net import of glutamine. In this study, we revealed a significant upregulation of SNAT1 expression in human melanoma tissue in comparison to healthy epidermis and an increased SNAT1 expression level in human melanoma cell lines when compared to normal human melanocytes (NHEMs). We demonstrated that functional inhibition of SNAT1 with α-(methylamino) isobutyric acid (MeAIB), as well as siRNA-mediated downregulation reduces cancer cell growth, cellular migration, invasion, and leads to induction of senescence in melanoma cells. Consequently, these results demonstrate that the amino acid transporter SNAT1 is essential for cancer growth, and indicates a potential target for cancer chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hua Y, Dai X, Xu Y, Xing G, Liu H, Lu T, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Drug repositioning: Progress and challenges in drug discovery for various diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 234:114239. [PMID: 35290843 PMCID: PMC8883737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Compared with traditional de novo drug discovery, drug repurposing has become an attractive drug discovery strategy due to its low-cost and high efficiency. Through a comprehensive analysis of the candidates that have been identified with drug repositioning potentials, it is found that although some drugs do not show obvious advantages in the original indications, they may exert more obvious effects in other diseases. In addition, some drugs have a synergistic effect to exert better clinical efficacy if used in combination. Particularly, it has been confirmed that drug repositioning has benefits and values on the current public health emergency such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which proved the great potential of drug repositioning. In this review, we systematically reviewed a series of representative drugs that have been repositioned for different diseases and illustrated successful cases in each disease. Especially, the mechanism of action for the representative drugs in new indications were explicitly explored for each disease, we hope this review can provide important insights for follow-up research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hua
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaowen Dai
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Guomeng Xing
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Haichun Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fiandaca G, Bernardi S, Scianna M, Delitala ME. A phenotype-structured model to reproduce the avascular growth of a tumor and its interaction with the surrounding environment. J Theor Biol 2021; 535:110980. [PMID: 34915043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We here propose a one-dimensional spatially explicit phenotype-structured model to analyze selected aspects of avascular tumor progression. In particular, our approach distinguishes viable and necrotic cell fractions. The metabolically active part of the disease is, in turn, differentiated according to a continuous trait, that identifies cell variants with different degrees of motility and proliferation potential. A parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) then governs the spatio-temporal evolution of the phenotypic distribution of active cells within the host tissue. In this respect, active tumor agents are allowed to duplicate, move upon haptotactic and pressure stimuli, and eventually undergo necrosis. The mutual influence between the emerging malignancy and its environment (in terms of molecular landscape) is implemented by coupling the evolution law of the viable tumor mass with a parabolic PDE for oxygen kinetics and a differential equation that accounts for local consumption of extracellular matrix (ECM) elements. The resulting numerical realizations reproduce tumor growth and invasion in a number scenarios that differ for cell properties (i.e., individual migratory behavior, duplication and mutation potential) and environmental conditions (i.e., level of tissue oxygenation and homogeneity in the initial matrix profile). In particular, our simulations show that, in all cases, more mobile cell variants occupy the front edge of the tumor, whereas more proliferative clones are selected at the more internal regions. A necrotic core constantly occupies the bulk of the mass due to nutrient deprivation. This work may eventually suggest some biomedical strategies to partially reduce tumor aggressiveness, i.e., to enhance necrosis of malignant tissue and to promote the presence of more proliferative cell phenotypes over more invasive ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giada Fiandaca
- Department of Mathematical Sciences "G. L. Lagrange", Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Sara Bernardi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences "G. L. Lagrange", Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Marco Scianna
- Department of Mathematical Sciences "G. L. Lagrange", Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Marcello Edoardo Delitala
- Department of Mathematical Sciences "G. L. Lagrange", Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cycling Therapy for Reducing Psychological Problems of Patients With COVID-19: As an Alternative Treatment After Recovery. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2021; 29:e490. [PMID: 34803357 PMCID: PMC8594400 DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
16
|
Harland A, Liu X, Ghirardello M, Galan MC, Perks CM, Kurian KM. Glioma Stem-Like Cells and Metabolism: Potential for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743814. [PMID: 34532295 PMCID: PMC8438230 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) were first described as a population which may in part be resistant to traditional chemotherapeutic therapies and responsible for tumour regrowth. Knowledge of the underlying metabolic complexity governing GSC growth and function may point to potential differences between GSCs and the tumour bulk which could be harnessed clinically. There is an increasing interest in the direct/indirect targeting or reprogramming of GSC metabolism as a potential novel therapeutic approach in the adjuvant or recurrent setting to help overcome resistance which may be mediated by GSCs. In this review we will discuss stem-like models, interaction between metabolism and GSCs, and potential current and future strategies for overcoming GSC resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Harland
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Xia Liu
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Ghirardello
- Galan Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Carmen Galan
- Galan Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M Perks
- IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cho J, Min HY, Lee HJ, Hyun SY, Sim JY, Noh M, Hwang SJ, Park SH, Boo HJ, Lee HJ, Hong S, Park RW, Shin YK, Hung MC, Lee HY. RGS2-mediated translational control mediates cancer cell dormancy and tumor relapse. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136779. [PMID: 33393490 DOI: 10.1172/jci136779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Slow-cycling/dormant cancer cells (SCCs) have pivotal roles in driving cancer relapse and drug resistance. A mechanistic explanation for cancer cell dormancy and therapeutic strategies targeting SCCs are necessary to improve patient prognosis, but are limited because of technical challenges to obtaining SCCs. Here, by applying proliferation-sensitive dyes and chemotherapeutics to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and patient-derived xenografts, we identified a distinct SCC subpopulation that resembled SCCs in patient tumors. These SCCs displayed major dormancy-like phenotypes and high survival capacity under hostile microenvironments through transcriptional upregulation of regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2). Database analysis revealed RGS2 as a biomarker of retarded proliferation and poor prognosis in NSCLC. We showed that RGS2 caused prolonged translational arrest in SCCs through persistent eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) phosphorylation via proteasome-mediated degradation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Translational activation through RGS2 antagonism or the use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, including sildenafil (Viagra), promoted ER stress-induced apoptosis in SCCs in vitro and in vivo under stressed conditions, such as those induced by chemotherapy. Our results suggest that a low-dose chemotherapy and translation-instigating pharmacological intervention in combination is an effective strategy to prevent tumor progression in NSCLC patients after rigorous chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaebeom Cho
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy
| | - Hye-Young Min
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Ho Jin Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy
| | - Seung Yeob Hyun
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy
| | - Jeong Yeon Sim
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungkyung Noh
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy
| | - Su Jung Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Hye-Jin Boo
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoul Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Rang-Woon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, and Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Quayle LA, Spicer A, Ottewell PD, Holen I. Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Novel Candidate Genes and Signalling Programs in Breast Cancer Quiescence and Dormancy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163922. [PMID: 34439077 PMCID: PMC8392441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic recurrence, the major cause of breast cancer mortality, is driven by reactivation of dormant disseminated tumour cells that are defined by mitotic quiescence and chemoresistance. The molecular mechanisms underpinning mitotic quiescence in cancer are poorly understood, severely limiting the development of novel therapies for removal of residual, metastasis-initiating tumour cells. Here, we present a molecular portrait of the quiescent breast cancer cell transcriptome across the four main breast cancer sub-types (luminal, HER2-enriched, basal-like and claudin-low) and identify a novel quiescence-associated 22-gene signature using an established lipophilic-dye (Vybrant® DiD) retention model and whole-transcriptomic profiling (mRNA-Seq). Using functional association network analysis, we elucidate the molecular interactors of these signature genes. We then go on to demonstrate that our novel 22-gene signature strongly correlates with low tumoural proliferative activity, and with dormant disease and late metastatic recurrence (≥5 years after primary tumour diagnosis) in metastatic breast cancer in multiple clinical cohorts. These genes may govern the formation and persistence of disseminated tumour cell populations responsible for breast cancer recurrence, and therefore represent prospective novel candidates to inform future development of therapeutic strategies to target disseminated tumour cells in breast cancer, eliminate minimal residual disease and prevent metastatic recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A. Quayle
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (A.S.); (P.D.O.); (I.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-114-215-9209
| | - Amy Spicer
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (A.S.); (P.D.O.); (I.H.)
- The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Penelope D. Ottewell
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (A.S.); (P.D.O.); (I.H.)
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (A.S.); (P.D.O.); (I.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kwon YS, Nam KS, Kim S. Tamoxifen overcomes the trastuzumab-resistance of SK-BR-3 tumorspheres by targeting crosstalk between cytoplasmic estrogen receptor α and the EGFR/HER2 signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114635. [PMID: 34058187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Since trastuzumab-resistance remains a major obstacle to the successful treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms responsible is required to direct future pharmacotherapeutic strategies. Recently, several studies have indicated that the quiescent natures of cancer stem cells contribute to treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. Thus, in this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying trastuzumab resistance in a quiescent cell population using tumorsphere cultures and explored better therapeutic strategies to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. We observed that most cells in SK-BR-3 tumorspheres were quiescent, showing the accumulation of cells at the G0/G1 phase as compared to cells in monolayer culture. Furthermore, SK-BR-3 tumorspheres exhibited enhanced EGFR/HER2 signaling, which was incompletely inhibited by trastuzumab, and subsequently led to trastuzumab-resistance. Interestingly, cytoplasmic estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression was markedly elevated in tumorspheres and was associated with enhanced EGFR/HER2 signaling. Accordingly, inhibition of ERα with tamoxifen selectively targeted tumorspheres rather than cells in monolayer culture and overcame trastuzumab resistance in tumorspheres. Taken together, our findings indicate that crosstalk between cytoplasmic ERα and the HER2/EGFR signaling pathway can be considered a novel therapeutic target for quiescent cell populations within HER2-positive breast cancer and that simultaneous inhibition of ER and the EGFR/HER2 pathway may prevent trastuzumab resistance. We hope that these results provide a basis for the use of combinations of tamoxifen and trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Suk Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdae-ro 123, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdae-ro 123, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdae-ro 123, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38066, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Regan JL, Schumacher D, Staudte S, Steffen A, Lesche R, Toedling J, Jourdan T, Haybaeck J, Mumberg D, Henderson D, Győrffy B, Regenbrecht CRA, Keilholz U, Schäfer R, Lange M. RNA sequencing of long-term label-retaining colon cancer stem cells identifies novel regulators of quiescence. iScience 2021; 24:102618. [PMID: 34142064 PMCID: PMC8185225 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that therapy-resistant quiescent cancer stem cells (qCSCs) are the source of relapse in colon cancer. Here, using colon cancer patient-derived organoids and xenografts, we identify rare long-term label-retaining qCSCs that can re-enter the cell cycle to generate new tumors. RNA sequencing analyses demonstrated that these cells display the molecular hallmarks of quiescent tissue stem cells, including expression of p53 signaling genes, and are enriched for transcripts common to damage-induced quiescent revival stem cells of the regenerating intestine. In addition, we identify negative regulators of cell cycle, downstream of p53, that we show are indicators of poor prognosis and may be targeted for qCSC abolition in both p53 wild-type and mutant tumors. These data support the temporal inhibition of downstream targets of p53 signaling, in combination with standard-of-care treatments, for the elimination of qCSCs and prevention of relapse in colon cancer. Colon tumors contain therapy-resistant quiescent cancer stem cells (qCSCs) qCSC gene expression mirrors that of quiescent stem cells of the regenerating gut qCSCs are enriched for p53 signaling genes qCSC elimination may be achieved by inhibiting downstream targets of p53 signaling
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Regan
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany.,Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Schumacher
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Staudte
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Lesche
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan ICB GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joern Toedling
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan ICB GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thibaud Jourdan
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Mumberg
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Henderson
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.,TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian R A Regenbrecht
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,CELLphenomics GmbH, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Lange
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan ICB GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Slow-cycling (dormant) cancer cells in therapy resistance, cancer relapse and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 78:90-103. [PMID: 33979674 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly appreciated that cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity constitute major barriers to effective clinical treatments and long-term therapeutic efficacy. Research in the past two decades suggest that virtually all treatment-naive human cancers harbor subsets of cancer cells that possess many of the cardinal features of normal stem cells. Such stem-like cancer cells, operationally defined as cancer stem cells (CSCs), are frequently quiescent and dynamically change and evolve during tumor progression and therapeutic interventions. Intrinsic tumor cell heterogeneity is reflected in a different aspect in that tumors also harbor a population of slow-cycling cells (SCCs) that are not in the proliferative cell cycle and thus are intrinsically refractory to anti-mitotic drugs. In this Perspective, we focus our discussions on SCCs in cancer and on various methodologies that can be employed to enrich and purify SCCs, compare the similarities and differences between SCCs, CSCs and cancer cells undergoing EMT, and present evidence for the involvement of SCCs in surviving anti-neoplastic treatments, mediating tumor relapse, maintaining tumor dormancy and mediating metastatic dissemination. Our discussions make it clear that an in-depth understanding of the biological properties of SCCs in cancer will be instrumental to developing new therapeutic strategies to prevent tumor relapse and distant metastasis.
Collapse
|
22
|
Domrachev B, Singh S, Li D, Rudloff U. Mini-Review: PDPK1 (3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1), An Emerging Cancer Stem Cell Target. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 5:30-35. [PMID: 34079928 PMCID: PMC8168947 DOI: 10.29245/2578-2967/2021/1.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of tumor cells that possess abilities for self-renewal, differentiation, and tumor initiation. These rare but therapy-recalcitrant cells are assumed to repopulate tumors following administration of systemic chemotherapy driving therapy failure, tumor recurrence, and disease progression. In early clinical trials, anti-CSC therapies have found limited success to-date possibly due to the inherent heterogeneity and plasticity of CSCs and the incomplete characterization of essential CSC targets. Here, we review the role of 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 (PDPK1) as an emerging CSC target. While most previous studies have relied on CSC models which are based on lineage and tissue-specific marker profiles to define the relationships between putative target and CSC traits, this review discusses PDPK1 and its role in CSC biology with an emphasis on CSC systems which are based on proposed function like label-retaining cancer cells (LRCCs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Domrachev
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sitanshu Singh
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dandan Li
- Thoracic & GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Udo Rudloff
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Thoracic & GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Osrodek M, Wozniak M. Targeting Genome Stability in Melanoma-A New Approach to an Old Field. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3485. [PMID: 33800547 PMCID: PMC8036881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent groundbreaking advances in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, it remains one of the most treatment-resistant malignancies. Due to resistance to conventional chemotherapy, the therapeutic focus has shifted away from aiming at melanoma genome stability in favor of molecularly targeted therapies. Inhibitors of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) pathway significantly slow disease progression. However, long-term clinical benefit is rare due to rapid development of drug resistance. In contrast, immune checkpoint inhibitors provide exceptionally durable responses, but only in a limited number of patients. It has been increasingly recognized that melanoma cells rely on efficient DNA repair for survival upon drug treatment, and that genome instability increases the efficacy of both MAPK inhibitors and immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the field of melanoma research which indicate that targeting genome stability of melanoma cells may serve as a powerful strategy to maximize the efficacy of currently available therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Wozniak
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tuy K, Rickenbacker L, Hjelmeland AB. Reactive oxygen species produced by altered tumor metabolism impacts cancer stem cell maintenance. Redox Biol 2021; 44:101953. [PMID: 34052208 PMCID: PMC8212140 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) at sustainable levels can drive multiple facets of tumor biology, including within the cancer stem cell (CSC) population. Tight regulation of ROS is one key component in CSCs that drives disease recurrence, cell signaling, and therapeutic resistance. While ROS are well-appreciated to need oxygen and are a product of oxidative phosphorylation, there are also important roles for ROS under hypoxia. As hypoxia promotes and sustains major stemness pathways, further consideration of ROS impacts on CSCs in the tumor microenvironment is important. Furthermore, glycolytic shifts that occur in cancer and may be promoted by hypoxia are associated with multiple mechanisms to mitigate oxidative stress. This altered metabolism provides survival advantages that sustain malignant features, such as proliferation and self-renewal, while producing the necessary antioxidants that reduce damage from oxidative stress. Finally, disease recurrence is believed to be attributed to therapy resistant CSCs which can be quiescent and have changes in redox status. Effective DNA damage response pathways and/or a slow-cycling state can protect CSCs from the genomic catastrophe induced by irradiation and genotoxic agents. This review will explore the delicate, yet complex, relationship between ROS and its pleiotropic role in modulating the CSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaysaw Tuy
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lucas Rickenbacker
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kreps LM, Addison CL. Targeting Intercellular Communication in the Bone Microenvironment to Prevent Disseminated Tumor Cell Escape from Dormancy and Bone Metastatic Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062911. [PMID: 33805598 PMCID: PMC7998601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis to the bone is a common feature of many cancers including those of the breast, prostate, lung, thyroid and kidney. Once tumors metastasize to the bone, they are essentially incurable. Bone metastasis is a complex process involving not only intravasation of tumor cells from the primary tumor into circulation, but extravasation from circulation into the bone where they meet an environment that is generally suppressive of their growth. The bone microenvironment can inhibit the growth of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) by inducing dormancy of the DTC directly and later on following formation of a micrometastatic tumour mass by inhibiting metastatic processes including angiogenesis, bone remodeling and immunosuppressive cell functions. In this review we will highlight some of the mechanisms mediating DTC dormancy and the complex relationships which occur between tumor cells and bone resident cells in the bone metastatic microenvironment. These inter-cellular interactions may be important targets to consider for development of novel effective therapies for the prevention or treatment of bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Kreps
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Christina L. Addison
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-737-7700
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nik Nabil WN, Xi Z, Song Z, Jin L, Zhang XD, Zhou H, De Souza P, Dong Q, Xu H. Towards a Framework for Better Understanding of Quiescent Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030562. [PMID: 33807533 PMCID: PMC7999675 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescent cancer cells (QCCs) are cancer cells that are reversibly suspended in G0 phase with the ability to re-enter the cell cycle and initiate tumor growth, and, ultimately, cancer recurrence and metastasis. QCCs are also therapeutically challenging due to their resistance to most conventional cancer treatments that selectively act on proliferating cells. Considering the significant impact of QCCs on cancer progression and treatment, better understanding of appropriate experimental models, and the evaluation of QCCs are key questions in the field that have direct influence on potential pharmacological interventions. Here, this review focuses on existing and emerging preclinical models and detection methods for QCCs and discusses their respective features and scope for application. By providing a framework for selecting appropriate experimental models and investigative methods, the identification of the key players that regulate the survival and activation of QCCs and the development of more effective QCC-targeting therapeutic agents may mitigate the consequences of QCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Najbah Nik Nabil
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.N.N.N.); (Z.X.); (Z.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of Health, Petaling Jaya 46200, Malaysia
| | - Zhichao Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.N.N.N.); (Z.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zejia Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.N.N.N.); (Z.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Lei Jin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Hua Zhou
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Paul De Souza
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Qihan Dong
- Chinese Medicine Anti-Cancer Evaluation Program, Greg Brown Laboratory, Central Clinical School and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (H.X.)
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (H.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Seita A, Nakaoka H, Okura R, Wakamoto Y. Intrinsic growth heterogeneity of mouse leukemia cells underlies differential susceptibility to a growth-inhibiting anticancer drug. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0236534. [PMID: 33524064 PMCID: PMC7850478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell populations consist of phenotypically heterogeneous cells. Growing evidence suggests that pre-existing phenotypic differences among cancer cells correlate with differential susceptibility to anticancer drugs and eventually lead to a relapse. Such phenotypic differences can arise not only externally driven by the environmental heterogeneity around individual cells but also internally by the intrinsic fluctuation of cells. However, the quantitative characteristics of intrinsic phenotypic heterogeneity emerging even under constant environments and their relevance to drug susceptibility remain elusive. Here we employed a microfluidic device, mammalian mother machine, for studying the intrinsic heterogeneity of growth dynamics of mouse lymphocytic leukemia cells (L1210) across tens of generations. The generation time of this cancer cell line had a distribution with a long tail and a heritability across generations. We determined that a minority of cell lineages exist in a slow-cycling state for multiple generations. These slow-cycling cell lineages had a higher chance of survival than the fast-cycling lineages under continuous exposure to the anticancer drug Mitomycin C. This result suggests that heritable heterogeneity in cancer cells’ growth in a population influences their susceptibility to anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Seita
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Nakaoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (HN); (YW)
| | - Reiko Okura
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Wakamoto
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (HN); (YW)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Koltai T. Targeting the pH Paradigm at the Bedside: A Practical Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9221. [PMID: 33287221 PMCID: PMC7730959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inversion of the pH gradient in malignant tumors, known as the pH paradigm, is increasingly becoming accepted by the scientific community as a hallmark of cancer. Accumulated evidence shows that this is not simply a metabolic consequence of a dysregulated behavior, but rather an essential process in the physiopathology of accelerated proliferation and invasion. From the over-simplification of increased lactate production as the cause of the paradigm, as initially proposed, basic science researchers have arrived at highly complex and far-reaching knowledge, that substantially modified that initial belief. These new developments show that the paradigm entails a different regulation of membrane transporters, electrolyte exchangers, cellular and membrane enzymes, water trafficking, specialized membrane structures, transcription factors, and metabolic changes that go far beyond fermentative glycolysis. This complex world of dysregulations is still shuttered behind the walls of experimental laboratories and has not yet reached bedside medicine. However, there are many known pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals that are capable of targeting the pH paradigm. Most of these products are well known, have low toxicity, and are also inexpensive. They need to be repurposed, and this would entail shorter clinical studies and enormous cost savings if we compare them with the time and expense required for the development of a new molecule. Will targeting the pH paradigm solve the "cancer problem"? Absolutely not. However, reversing the pH inversion would strongly enhance standard treatments, rendering them more efficient, and in some cases permitting lower doses of toxic drugs. This article's goal is to describe how to reverse the pH gradient inversion with existing drugs and nutraceuticals that can easily be used in bedside medicine, without adding toxicity to established treatments. It also aims at increasing awareness among practicing physicians that targeting the pH paradigm would be able to improve the results of standard therapies. Some clinical cases will be presented as well, showing how the pH gradient inversion can be treated at the bedside in a simple manner with repurposed drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Centro de Diagnostico y Tratamiento de la Obra Social del Personal de la Alimentacion, Talar de Pacheco, Buenos Aires 1617, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zambon AC, Hsu T, Kim SE, Klinck M, Stowe J, Henderson LM, Singer D, Patam L, Lim C, McCulloch AD, Hu B, Hickerson AI. Methods and sensors for functional genomic studies of cell-cycle transitions in single cells. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:468-477. [PMID: 32866086 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00065.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing the cell cycle in mammals has relied heavily on methods that measure the aggregate state of a population of cells. While instrumental in shaping our current understanding of cell proliferation, these approaches mask the genetic signatures of rare subpopulations such as quiescent (G0) and very slowly dividing (SD) cells. Results described in this study and those of others using single-cell analysis reveal that even in clonally derived immortalized cancer cells, ∼1-5% of cells can exhibit G0 and SD phenotypes. Therefore to enable the study of these rare cell phenotypes we established an integrated molecular, computational, and imaging approach to track, isolate, and genetically perturb single cells as they proliferate. A genetically encoded cell-cycle reporter (K67p-FUCCI) was used to track single cells as they traversed the cell cycle. A set of R-scripts were written to quantify K67p-FUCCI over time. To enable the further study G0 and SD phenotypes, we retrofitted a live cell imaging system with a micromanipulator to enable single-cell targeting for functional validation studies. Single-cell analysis revealed HT1080 and MCF7 cells had a doubling time of ∼24 and ∼48 h, respectively, with high duration variability in G1 and G2 phases. Direct single-cell microinjection of mRNA encoding (GFP) achieves detectable GFP fluorescence within ∼5 h in both cell types. These findings coupled with the possibility of targeting several hundreds of single cells improves throughput and sensitivity over conventional methods to study rare cell subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Zambon
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California
| | - Tom Hsu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California
| | - Seunghee Erin Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California
| | - Miranda Klinck
- Keck Science Department, Pitzer College, Claremont, California
| | - Jennifer Stowe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lindsay M Henderson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Donald Singer
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Leomar Patam
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California
| | - Curtis Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Bing Hu
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Anna I Hickerson
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Schulte am Esch J, Windmöller BA, Hanewinkel J, Storm J, Förster C, Wilkens L, Krüger M, Kaltschmidt B, Kaltschmidt C. Isolation and Characterization of Two Novel Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines, Containing a Subpopulation with Potential Stem-Like Properties: Treatment Options by MYC/NMYC Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092582. [PMID: 32927768 PMCID: PMC7564713 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of cancer stem cells, which are a small subpopulation of tumor cells with high plasticity driving tumor growth and metastasis. Here we isolated two novel colorectal cancer cell lines originating from a rectal neuroendocrine carcinoma and a colorectal adenocarcinoma, depicting stem-like properties. These in vitro models offer the possibility to evaluate pathophysiological mechanisms in order to develop tailored therapeutic strategies for distinct colorectal malignancies. Investigations revealed gene copy number gain of the N-myc proto-oncogene for both. Accordingly, inhibition of the protein–protein interaction of myc and N-myc proto-oncogenes with the myc-associated factor X utilizing small molecule KJ-Pyr-9, exhibited a significant reduction in survival of both cell lines by the induction of apoptosis. Consequently, the blockage of these interactions may serve as a possible treatment strategy for colorectal cancer cell lines with gene copy number gain of the N-myc proto-oncogene. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSC) are crucial mediators of cancer relapse. Here, we isolated two primary human colorectal cancer cell lines derived from a rectal neuroendocrine carcinoma (BKZ-2) and a colorectal adenocarcinoma (BKZ-3), both containing subpopulations with potential stem-like properties. Protein expression of CSC-markers prominin-1 and CD44 antigen was significantly higher for BKZ-2 and BKZ-3 in comparison to well-established colon carcinoma cell lines. High sphere-formation capacity further confirmed the existence of a subpopulation with potential stem-like phenotype. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers as well as immune checkpoint ligands were expressed more pronounced in BKZ-2. Both cell populations demonstrated N-myc proto-oncogene (NMYC) copy number gain. Myc proto-oncogene (MYC)/NMYC activity inhibitor all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) significantly reduced the number of tumor spheres for both and the volume of BKZ-2 spheres. In contrast, the sphere volume of ATRA-treated BKZ-3 was increased, and only BKZ-2 cell proliferation was reduced in monolayer culture. Treatment with KJ-Pyr-9, a specific inhibitor of MYC/NMYC-myc-associated factor X interaction, decreased survival by the induction of apoptosis of both. In summary, here, we present the novel colorectal cancer cell lines BKZ-2 and BKZ-3 as promising cellular in vitro models for colorectal carcinomas and identify the MYC/NMYC molecular pathway involved in CSC-induced carcinogenesis with relevant therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schulte am Esch
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Beatrice Ariane Windmöller
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0521-106-5629
| | - Johannes Hanewinkel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Jonathan Storm
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Christine Förster
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Hospital Nordstadt, affiliated with the Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ludwig Wilkens
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Hospital Nordstadt, affiliated with the Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Krüger
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.); (M.K.); (B.K.); (C.K.)
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The ATF6-EGF Pathway Mediates the Awakening of Slow-Cycling Chemoresistant Cells and Tumor Recurrence by Stimulating Tumor Angiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071772. [PMID: 32630838 PMCID: PMC7407555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Slow-cycling cancer cells (SCCs) with a quiescence-like phenotype are believed to perpetrate cancer relapse and progression. However, the mechanisms that mediate SCC-derived tumor recurrence are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying cancer recurrence after chemotherapy, focusing on the interplay between SCCs and the tumor microenvironment. We established a preclinical model of SCCs by exposing non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells to either the proliferation-dependent dye carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) or chemotherapeutic drugs. An RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the established SCCs exhibited the upregulation of a group of genes, especially epidermal growth factor (EGF). Increases in the number of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-positive vascular endothelial cells and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation were found in NSCLC cell line- and patient-derived xenograft tumors that progressed upon chemotherapy. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors effectively suppressed the migration and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) induced the upregulation of EGF, and its antagonism effectively suppressed these SCC-mediated events and inhibited tumor recurrence after chemotherapy. These results suggest that the ATF6-EGF signaling axis in SCCs functions to trigger the angiogenesis switch in residual tumors after chemotherapy and is thus a driving force for the switch from SCCs to actively cycling cancer cells, leading to tumor recurrence.
Collapse
|
32
|
Cho J, Lee HJ, Hwang SJ, Min HY, Kang HN, Park AY, Hyun SY, Sim JY, Lee HJ, Jang HJ, Suh YA, Hong S, Shin YK, Kim HR, Lee HY. The Interplay between Slow-Cycling, Chemoresistant Cancer Cells and Fibroblasts Creates a Proinflammatory Niche for Tumor Progression. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2257-2272. [PMID: 32193288 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quiescent cancer cells are believed to cause cancer progression after chemotherapy through unknown mechanisms. We show here that human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line-derived, quiescent-like, slow-cycling cancer cells (SCC) and residual patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors after chemotherapy experience activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6)-mediated upregulation of various cytokines, which acts in a paracrine manner to recruit fibroblasts. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) underwent transcriptional upregulation of COX2 and type I collagen (Col-I), which subsequently triggered a slow-to-active cycling switch in SCC through prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)- and integrin/Src-mediated signaling pathways, leading to cancer progression. Both antagonism of ATF6 and cotargeting of Src/COX2 effectively suppressed cytokine production and slow-to-active cell cycling transition in SCC, withholding cancer progression. Expression of COX2 and Col-I and activation of Src were observed in patients with NSCLC who progressed while receiving chemotherapy. Public data analysis revealed significant association between COL1A1 and SRC expression and NSCLC relapse. Overall, these findings indicate that a proinflammatory niche created by the interplay between SCC and CAF triggers tumor progression. SIGNIFICANCE: Cotargeting COX2 and Src may be an effective strategy to prevent cancer progression after chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaebeom Cho
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Min
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Na Kang
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Young Park
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd., Gumi-City, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeob Hyun
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Sim
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Jang
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Suh
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoul Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abad E, Graifer D, Lyakhovich A. DNA damage response and resistance of cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:106-117. [PMID: 31968219 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) model defines tumors as hierarchically organized entities, containing a small population of tumorigenic CSC, or tumour-initiating cells, placed at the apex of this hierarchy. These cells may share common qualities with chemo- and radio-resistant cancer cells and contribute to self-renewal activities resulting in tumour formation, maintenance, growth and metastasis. Yet, it remains obscure what self-defense mechanisms are utilized by these cells against the chemotherapeutic drugs or radiotherapy. Recently, attention has been focused on the pivotal role of the DNA damage response (DDR) in tumorigenesis. In line with this note, an increased DDR that prevents CSC and chemoresistant cells from genotoxic pressure of chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation may be responsible for cancer metastasis. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge concerning the role of DDR in CSC and resistant cancer cells and describe the existing opportunities of re-sensitizing such cells to modulate therapeutic treatment effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etna Abad
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Vall D'Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jia M, Zheng D, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chen S, Cai X, Mo L, Hu Z, Li H, Zhou Z, Li J. Cancer Cell enters reversible quiescence through Intracellular Acidification to resist Paclitaxel Cytotoxicity. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1652-1664. [PMID: 32669967 PMCID: PMC7359388 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can enter quiescent or dormant state to resist anticancer agents while maintaining the potential of reactivation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying quiescence entry and reactivation remains largely unknown. In this paper, cancer cells eventually entered a reversible quiescent state to resist long-term paclitaxel (PTX) stress. The quiescent cells were characterized with Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) downregulation and showed acidic intracellular pH (pHi). Accordingly, decreasing pHi by NHE1 inhibitor could induce cell enter quiescence. Further, acidic pHi could activate the ubiquitin-proteasome system and inhibiting proteasome activity by MG132 prevented cells entering quiescence. In addition, we show that after partial release, the key G1-S transcription factor E2F1 protein level was not recovered, while MCM7 protein returned to normal level in the reactivated cells. More importantly, MCM7 knockdown inhibited G1/S genes transcription and inhibited the reactivated proliferation. Taken together, this study demonstrates a regulatory function of intracellular acidification and subsequent protein ubiquitination on quiescence entry, and reveals a supportive effect of MCM7 on the quiescence-reactivated proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianpeng Zheng
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sansan Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangsheng Cai
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijun Mo
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiming Hu
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Modulation of proliferation factors in lung adenocarcinoma with an analysis of the transcriptional consequences of genomic EGFR activation. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6913-6933. [PMID: 31857847 PMCID: PMC6916753 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes of the pre-replication, pre-initiation and replisome complexes duplicate the genome from many sites once in a normal cell cycle. This study examines complex components in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) closely, correlating changes in the genome and transcriptome with proliferation and overall survival. Molecular subtypes (The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), 2014) based on copy number, DNA methylation, and mRNA expression had variable proliferation levels, the highest correlating with decreased survival. A pattern of increased expression typified by POLE2 and POLQ was found for multiple replication factors over thirty-seven tumor types. EGFR altered cases unanticipatedly inversely correlated with proliferation factor expression in LUAD, Colon adenocarcinoma, and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia cell lines, but not in glioblastoma or breast cancer. Activation mutations did not uniformly correlate with proliferation, most cases were pre-metastatic. A gene expression profile was identified, and pathway involvement considered. Significantly, results suggest EGFR over expression and activation are early alterations that likely stall the replication complex through PCNA phosphorylation creating replication stress responsible for DNA damage response and further mutation, but does not promote increased proliferation itself. An argument is presented that the mechanism driving lethality in this tumor cohort could differ from over proliferation seen in other LUAD.
Collapse
|
36
|
Barbato L, Bocchetti M, Di Biase A, Regad T. Cancer Stem Cells and Targeting Strategies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080926. [PMID: 31426611 PMCID: PMC6721823 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major problem in cancer therapy as cancer cells develop mechanisms that counteract the effect of chemotherapeutic compounds, leading to relapse and the development of more aggressive cancers that contribute to poor prognosis and survival rates of treated patients. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in this event. Apart from their slow proliferative property, CSCs have developed a range of cellular processes that involve drug efflux, drug enzymatic inactivation and other mechanisms. In addition, the microenvironment where CSCs evolve (CSC niche), effectively contributes to their role in cancer initiation, progression and chemoresistance. In the CSC niche, immune cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial cells and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to the maintenance of CSC malignancy via the secretion of factors that promote cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy. Due to these factors that hinder successful cancer therapies, CSCs are a subject of intense research that aims at better understanding of CSC behaviour and at developing efficient targeting therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of cancer stem cells, their role in cancer initiation, progression and chemoresistance, and discuss the progress that has been made in the development of CSC targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Barbato
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Marco Bocchetti
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Biase
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Tarik Regad
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mura M, Feillet C, Bertolusso R, Delaunay F, Kimmel M. Mathematical modelling reveals unexpected inheritance and variability patterns of cell cycle parameters in mammalian cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007054. [PMID: 31158226 PMCID: PMC6564046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is the fundamental process of cell populations, it is regulated by environmental cues and by intracellular checkpoints. Cell cycle variability in clonal cell population is caused by stochastic processes such as random partitioning of cellular components to progeny cells at division and random interactions among biomolecules in cells. One of the important biological questions is how the dynamics at the cell cycle scale, which is related to family dependencies between the cell and its descendants, affects cell population behavior in the long-run. We address this question using a “mechanistic” model, built based on observations of single cells over several cell generations, and then extrapolated in time. We used cell pedigree observations of NIH 3T3 cells including FUCCI markers, to determine patterns of inheritance of cell-cycle phase durations and single-cell protein dynamics. Based on that information we developed a hybrid mathematical model, involving bifurcating autoregression to describe stochasticity of partitioning and inheritance of cell-cycle-phase times, and an ordinary differential equation system to capture single-cell protein dynamics. Long-term simulations, concordant with in vitro experiments, demonstrated the model reproduced the main features of our data and had homeostatic properties. Moreover, heterogeneity of cell cycle may have important consequences during population development. We discovered an effect similar to genetic drift, amplified by family relationships among cells. In consequence, the progeny of a single cell with a short cell cycle time had a high probability of eventually dominating the population, due to the heritability of cell-cycle phases. Patterns of epigenetic heritability in proliferating cells are important for understanding long-term trends of cell populations which are either required to provide the influx of maturing cells (such as hematopoietic stem cells) or which started proliferating uncontrollably (such as cancer cells). All cells in multicellular organisms obey orchestrated sequences of signals to ensure developmental and homeostatic fitness under a variety of external stimuli. However, there also exist self-perpetuating stem-cell populations, the function of which is to provide a steady supply of differentiated progenitors that in turn ensure persistence of organism functions. This “cell production engine” is an important element of biological homeostasis. A similar process, albeit distorted in many respects, plays a major role in cancer development; here the robustness of homeostasis contributes to difficulty in eradication of malignancy. An important role in homeostasis seems to be played by generation of heterogeneity among cell phenotypes, which then can be shaped by selection and other genetic forces. In the present paper, we present a model of a cultured cell population, which factors in relationships among related cells and the dynamics of cell growth and important proteins regulating cell division. We find that the model not only maintains homeostasis, but that it also responds to perturbations in a manner that is similar to that exhibited by the Wright-Fisher model of population genetics. The model-cell population can become dominated by the progeny of the fittest individuals, without invoking advantageous mutations. If confirmed, this may provide an alternative mode of evolution of cell populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Mura
- System Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Ardigen, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail: (MM); (MK)
| | | | - Roberto Bertolusso
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | | | - Marek Kimmel
- System Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (MK)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gallaher JA, Brown JS, Anderson ARA. The impact of proliferation-migration tradeoffs on phenotypic evolution in cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2425. [PMID: 30787363 PMCID: PMC6382810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are not static masses of cells but dynamic ecosystems where cancer cells experience constant turnover and evolve fitness-enhancing phenotypes. Selection for different phenotypes may vary with (1) the tumor niche (edge or core), (2) cell turnover rates, (3) the nature of the tradeoff between traits, and (4) whether deaths occur in response to demographic or environmental stochasticity. Using a spatially-explicit agent-based model, we observe how two traits (proliferation rate and migration speed) evolve under different tradeoff conditions with different turnover rates. Migration rate is favored over proliferation at the tumor's edge and vice-versa for the interior. Increasing cell turnover rates slightly slows tumor growth but accelerates the rate of evolution for both proliferation and migration. The absence of a tradeoff favors ever higher values for proliferation and migration, while a convex tradeoff tends to favor proliferation, often promoting the coexistence of a generalist and specialist phenotype. A concave tradeoff favors migration at low death rates, but switches to proliferation at higher death rates. Mortality via demographic stochasticity favors proliferation, and environmental stochasticity favors migration. While all of these diverse factors contribute to the ecology, heterogeneity, and evolution of a tumor, their effects may be predictable and empirically accessible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Gallaher
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Joel S Brown
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alexander R A Anderson
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dhar R, Missarova AM, Lehner B, Carey LB. Single cell functional genomics reveals the importance of mitochondria in cell-to-cell phenotypic variation. eLife 2019; 8:38904. [PMID: 30638445 PMCID: PMC6366901 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations frequently have outcomes that differ across individuals, even when these individuals are genetically identical and share a common environment. Moreover, individual microbial and mammalian cells can vary substantially in their proliferation rates, stress tolerance, and drug resistance, with important implications for the treatment of infections and cancer. To investigate the causes of cell-to-cell variation in proliferation, we used a high-throughput automated microscopy assay to quantify the impact of deleting >1500 genes in yeast. Mutations affecting mitochondria were particularly variable in their outcome. In both mutant and wild-type cells mitochondrial membrane potential - but not amount - varied substantially across individual cells and predicted cell-to-cell variation in proliferation, mutation outcome, stress tolerance, and resistance to a clinically used anti-fungal drug. These results suggest an important role for cell-to-cell variation in the state of an organelle in single cell phenotypic variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riddhiman Dhar
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Alsu M Missarova
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben Lehner
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucas B Carey
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cancer stem cells: Road to therapeutic resistance and strategies to overcome resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1866:165339. [PMID: 30481586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Unlike other normal cells, a subpopulation of cells often termed as "stem cells" are long-lived and generate cellular progeny throughout life. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are rare immortal cells within a tumor that can both self-renew by dividing and giving rise to many cell types that constitute the tumor. CSCs also have been shown to be involved in fundamental processes of cell proliferation and metastatic dissemination. CSCs are generally resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, a subset of remaining CSCs after therapy can survive and promote cancer relapse and resistance to therapies. Understanding the biological characteristics of CSCs, the pathways leading to their sustainability and proliferation, and the CSCs role in drug resistance is crucial for establishing novel tumor diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we address the pathways that regulate CSCs, the role of CSCs in the resistance to therapy, and strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance.
Collapse
|
41
|
Yamada M, Kagaya M, Noguchi N, Ueki S, Hasunuma N, Osada SI, Manabe M. Topical 3-bromopyruvate is a novel targeted therapy for melanoma in a preclinical model. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 92:134-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
42
|
Quayle LA, Ottewell PD, Holen I. Chemotherapy resistance and stemness in mitotically quiescent human breast cancer cells identified by fluorescent dye retention. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:831-846. [PMID: 30377878 PMCID: PMC6267670 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9946-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic recurrence in breast cancer is a major cause of mortality and often occurs many years after removal of the primary tumour. This process is driven by the reactivation of disseminated tumour cells that are characterised by mitotic quiescence and chemotherapeutic resistance. The ability to reliably isolate and characterise this cancer cell population is critical to enable development of novel therapeutic strategies for prevention of breast cancer recurrence. Here we describe the identification and characterisation of a sub-population of slow-cycling tumour cells in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines based on their ability to retain the lipophilic fluorescent dye Vybrant® DiD for up to six passages in culture. Vybrant® DiD-retaining (DiD+) cells displayed significantly increased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and exhibited significantly reduced sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents compared to their rapidly dividing, Vybrant® DiD-negative (DiD−) counterparts. In addition, DiD+ cells were exclusively capable of initiating population re-growth following withdrawal of chemotherapy. The DiD+ population displayed only partial overlap with the CD44+CD24−/low cell surface protein marker signature widely used to identify breast cancer stem cells, but was enriched for CD44+CD24+ cells. Real-time qPCR profiling revealed differential expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness genes between DiD+ and DiD− populations. This is the first demonstration that both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer lines contain a latent therapy-resistant population of slow-cycling cells capable of initiating population regrowth post-chemotherapy. Our data support that label-retaining cells can serve as a model for identification of molecular mechanisms driving tumour cell quiescence and de novo chemoresistance and that further characterisation of this prospective tumour-reinitiating population could yield novel therapeutic targets for elimination of the cells responsible for breast cancer recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A Quayle
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Penelope D Ottewell
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hoang-Minh LB, Siebzehnrubl FA, Yang C, Suzuki-Hatano S, Dajac K, Loche T, Andrews N, Schmoll Massari M, Patel J, Amin K, Vuong A, Jimenez-Pascual A, Kubilis P, Garrett TJ, Moneypenny C, Pacak CA, Huang J, Sayour EJ, Mitchell DA, Sarkisian MR, Reynolds BA, Deleyrolle LP. Infiltrative and drug-resistant slow-cycling cells support metabolic heterogeneity in glioblastoma. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798772. [PMID: 30322894 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been described in rapidly growing tumors, which are thought to mostly contain fast-cycling cells (FCCs) that have impaired mitochondrial function and rely on aerobic glycolysis. Here, we characterize the metabolic landscape of glioblastoma (GBM) and explore metabolic specificities as targetable vulnerabilities. Our studies highlight the metabolic heterogeneity in GBM, in which FCCs harness aerobic glycolysis, and slow-cycling cells (SCCs) preferentially utilize mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for their functions. SCCs display enhanced invasion and chemoresistance, suggesting their important role in tumor recurrence. SCCs also demonstrate increased lipid contents that are specifically metabolized under glucose-deprived conditions. Fatty acid transport in SCCs is targetable by pharmacological inhibition or genomic deletion of FABP7, both of which sensitize SCCs to metabolic stress. Furthermore, FABP7 inhibition, whether alone or in combination with glycolysis inhibition, leads to overall increased survival. Our studies reveal the existence of GBM cell subpopulations with distinct metabolic requirements and suggest that FABP7 is central to lipid metabolism in SCCs and that targeting FABP7-related metabolic pathways is a viable therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan B Hoang-Minh
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Florian A Siebzehnrubl
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK
| | - Changlin Yang
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Silveli Suzuki-Hatano
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyle Dajac
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tyler Loche
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas Andrews
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Schmoll Massari
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jaimin Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Krisha Amin
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alvin Vuong
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ana Jimenez-Pascual
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paul Kubilis
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Craig Moneypenny
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jianping Huang
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Elias J Sayour
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew R Sarkisian
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brent A Reynolds
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA .,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Loic P Deleyrolle
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA .,Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chistiakov DA, Chekhonin VP. Circulating tumor cells and their advances to promote cancer metastasis and relapse, with focus on glioblastoma multiforme. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:166-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
45
|
Hamis S, Nithiarasu P, Powathil GG. What does not kill a tumour may make it stronger: In silico insights into chemotherapeutic drug resistance. J Theor Biol 2018; 454:253-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
46
|
Li D, Mullinax JE, Aiken T, Xin H, Wiegand G, Anderson A, Thorgeirsson S, Avital I, Rudloff U. Loss of PDPK1 abrogates resistance to gemcitabine in label-retaining pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:772. [PMID: 30064387 PMCID: PMC6069886 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Label-retaining cancer cells (LRCC) have been proposed as a model of slowly cycling cancer stem cells (CSC) which mediate resistance to chemotherapy, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. The molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance in LRCC remain to-date incompletely understood. This study aims to identify molecular targets in LRCC that can be exploited to overcome resistance to gemcitabine, a standard chemotherapy agent for the treatment of pancreas cancer. METHODS LRCC were isolated following Cy5-dUTP staining by flow cytometry from pancreatic cancer cell lines. Gene expression profiles obtained from LRCC, non-LRCC (NLRCC), and bulk tumor cells were used to generate differentially regulated pathway networks. Loss of upregulated targets in LRCC on gemcitabine sensitivity was assessed via RNAi experiments and pharmacological inhibition. Expression patterns of PDPK1, one of the upregulated targets in LRCC, was studied in patients' tumor samples and correlated with pathological variables and clinical outcome. RESULTS LRCC are significantly more resistant to gemcitabine than the bulk tumor cell population. Non-canonical EGF (epidermal growth factor)-mediated signal transduction emerged as the top upregulated network in LRCC compared to non-LRCC, and knock down of EGF signaling effectors PDPK1 (3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1), BMX (BMX non-receptor tyrosine kinase), and NTRK2 (neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2) or treatment with PDPK1 inhibitors increased growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in response to gemcitabine. Knockdown of PDPK1 preferentially increased growth inhibition and reduced resistance to induction of apoptosis upon gemcitabine treatment in the LRCC vs non-LRCC population. These findings are accompanied by lower expression levels of PDPK1 in tumors compared to matched uninvolved pancreas in surgical resection specimens and a negative association of membranous localization on IHC with high nuclear grade (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Pancreatic cancer cell-derived LRCC are relatively resistant to gemcitabine and harbor a unique transcriptomic profile compared to bulk tumor cells. PDPK1, one of the members of an upregulated EGF-signaling network in LRCC, mediates resistance to gemcitabine, is found to be dysregulated in pancreas cancer specimens, and might be an attractive molecular target for combination therapy studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Cancer for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 2B-38E, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Taylor Aiken
- Thoracic & GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
| | - Hongwu Xin
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei China
| | - Gordon Wiegand
- Flow Cytometry Core, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | | | - Snorri Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Itzhak Avital
- St. Peter’s Hospital, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Udo Rudloff
- Rare Tumor Initiative, Cancer for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 2B-38E, Bethesda, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Buczacki SJA, Popova S, Biggs E, Koukorava C, Buzzelli J, Vermeulen L, Hazelwood L, Francies H, Garnett MJ, Winton DJ. Itraconazole targets cell cycle heterogeneity in colorectal cancer. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1891-1912. [PMID: 29853607 PMCID: PMC6028508 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular dormancy and heterogeneity in cell cycle length provide important explanations for treatment failure after adjuvant therapy with S-phase cytotoxics in colorectal cancer (CRC), yet the molecular control of the dormant versus cycling state remains unknown. We sought to understand the molecular features of dormant CRC cells to facilitate rationale identification of compounds to target both dormant and cycling tumor cells. Unexpectedly, we demonstrate that dormant CRC cells are differentiated, yet retain clonogenic capacity. Mouse organoid drug screening identifies that itraconazole generates spheroid collapse and loss of dormancy. Human CRC cell dormancy and tumor growth can also be perturbed by itraconazole, which is found to inhibit Wnt signaling through noncanonical hedgehog signaling. Preclinical validation shows itraconazole to be effective in multiple assays through Wnt inhibition, causing both cycling and dormant cells to switch to global senescence. These data provide preclinical evidence to support an early phase trial of itraconazole in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J A Buczacki
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Semiramis Popova
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Emma Biggs
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Chrysa Koukorava
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Jon Buzzelli
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology (OIRO), Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lee Hazelwood
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Hayley Francies
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, England, UK
| | - Mathew J Garnett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, England, UK
| | - Douglas J Winton
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, England, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Emerging functional markers for cancer stem cell-based therapies: Understanding signaling networks for targeting metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:90-109. [PMID: 29966677 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the most challenging issues in cancer patient management, and effective therapies to specifically target disease progression are missing, emphasizing the urgent need for developing novel anti-metastatic therapeutics. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) gained fast attention as a minor population of highly malignant cells within liquid and solid tumors that are responsible for tumor onset, self-renewal, resistance to radio- and chemotherapies, and evasion of immune surveillance accelerating recurrence and metastasis. Recent progress in the identification of their phenotypic and molecular characteristics and interactions with the tumor microenvironment provides great potential for the development of CSC-based targeted therapies and radical improvement in metastasis prevention and cancer patient prognosis. Here, we report on newly uncovered signaling mechanisms controlling CSC's aggressiveness and treatment resistance, and CSC-specific agents and molecular therapeutics, some of which are currently under investigation in clinical trials, gearing towards decisive functional CSC intrinsic or surface markers. One special research focus rests upon subverted regulatory pathways such as insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling and its interactors in metastasis-initiating cell populations directly related to the gain of stem cell- and EMT-associated properties, as well as key components of the E2F transcription factor network regulating metastatic progression, microenvironmental changes, and chemoresistance. In addition, the study provides insight into systems biology tools to establish complex molecular relationships behind the emergence of aggressive phenotypes from high-throughput data that rely on network-based analysis and their use to investigate immune escape mechanisms or predict clinical outcome-relevant CSC receptor signaling signatures. We further propose that customized vector technologies could drastically enhance systemic drug delivery to target sites, and summarize recent progress and remaining challenges. This review integrates available knowledge on CSC biology, computational modeling approaches, molecular targeting strategies, and delivery techniques to envision future clinical therapies designed to conquer metastasis-initiating cells.
Collapse
|
49
|
Ahmed F, Haass NK. Microenvironment-Driven Dynamic Heterogeneity and Phenotypic Plasticity as a Mechanism of Melanoma Therapy Resistance. Front Oncol 2018; 8:173. [PMID: 29881716 PMCID: PMC5976798 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance constitutes a major challenge in designing melanoma therapies. Microenvironment-driven tumor heterogeneity and plasticity play a key role in this phenomenon. Melanoma is highly heterogeneous with diverse genomic alterations and expression of different biological markers. In addition, melanoma cells are highly plastic and capable of adapting quickly to changing microenvironmental conditions. These contribute to variations in therapy response and durability between individual melanoma patients. In response to changing microenvironmental conditions, like hypoxia and nutrient starvation, proliferative melanoma cells can switch to an invasive slow-cycling state. Cells in this state are more aggressive and metastatic, and show increased intrinsic drug resistance. During continuous treatment, slow-cycling cells are enriched within the tumor and give rise to a new proliferative subpopulation with increased drug resistance, by exerting their stem cell-like behavior and phenotypic plasticity. In melanoma, the proliferative and invasive states are defined by high and low microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression, respectively. It has been observed that in MITFhigh melanomas, inhibition of MITF increases the efficacy of targeted therapies and delays the acquisition of drug resistance. Contrarily, MITF is downregulated in melanomas with acquired drug resistance. According to the phenotype switching theory, the gene expression profile of the MITFlow state is predominantly regulated by WNT5A, AXL, and NF-κB signaling. Thus, different combinations of therapies should be effective in treating different phases of melanoma, such as the combination of targeted therapies with inhibitors of MITF expression during the initial treatment phase, but with inhibitors of WNT5A/AXL/NF-κB signaling during relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ahmed
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nikolas K. Haass
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Discipline of Dermatology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gaston J, Cheradame L, Yvonnet V, Deas O, Poupon MF, Judde JG, Cairo S, Goffin V. Intracellular STING inactivation sensitizes breast cancer cells to genotoxic agents. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77205-77224. [PMID: 27791205 PMCID: PMC5363581 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the IFN/STAT1 pathway is closely associated with drug response and recurrence of breast cancer treated by chemotherapy. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved upstream and downstream of this pathway in order to identify distinct entities that might be manipulated to improve treatment efficacy. Four breast cancer cell lines (T-47D, MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and HBCx-19 established from the eponymous PDX) were treated in vitro with mafosfamide, a DNA damage inducer. In two of these cell lines (MCF7 and HBCx-19), genotoxic treatment upregulated type I IFN expression leading to paracrine activation of IFN/STAT1 signaling pathway after 6–8 days. We show that STING, a well-characterized inducer of IFN in immune cells, is rapidly triggered in MCF7 cells under genotoxic stress and forms nuclear foci that co-localize with phosphorylated IRF-3 and γH2AX. STING silencing abrogated chemotherapy-induced type I IFN production and signaling and potentiated genotoxic treatment efficacy as it promoted cell death extent and delayed cell colony regrowth. Similar results were obtained after silencing PARP12, one selected gene of the IFN/STAT1 pathway fingerprint. In summary, this study provides the first demonstration of STING activation in breast cancer cells. Our data suggest that genotoxic-induced, STING-mediated type I IFN signaling is a cell-intrinsic mechanism of breast cancer cell survival and regrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gaston
- Inserm, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France.,XenTech, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Laura Cheradame
- Inserm, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France.,XenTech, 91000 Evry, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Cairo
- XenTech, 91000 Evry, France.,LTTA Center, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Inserm, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|