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Alex A, Chaney EJ, Žurauskas M, Criley JM, Spillman DR, Hutchison PB, Li J, Marjanovic M, Frey S, Arp Z, Boppart SA. In vivo characterization of minipig skin as a model for dermatological research using multiphoton microscopy. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:953-960. [PMID: 33311854 PMCID: PMC7725480 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Minipig skin is one of the most widely used non-rodent animal skin models for dermatological research. A thorough characterization of minipig skin is essential for gaining deeper understanding of its structural and functional similarities with human skin. In this study, three-dimensional (3-D) in vivo images of minipig skin was obtained non-invasively using a multimodal optical imaging system capable of acquiring two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) images simultaneously. The images of the structural features of different layers of the minipig skin were qualitatively and quantitatively compared with those of human skin. Label-free imaging of skin was possible due to the endogenous fluorescence and optical properties of various components in the skin such as keratin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H), melanin, elastin, and collagen. This study demonstrates the capability of optical biopsy techniques, such as TPEF and FLIM, for in vivo non-invasive characterization of cellular and functional features of minipig skin, and the optical image-based similarities of this commonly utilized model of human skin. These optical imaging techniques have the potential to become promising tools in dermatological research for developing a better understanding of animal skin models, and for aiding in translational pre-clinical to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Alex
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- GSK, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mantas Žurauskas
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Criley
- Division of Animal Resources, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Phaedra B. Hutchison
- Division of Animal Resources, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Joanne Li
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen A. Boppart
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald S Sakaguchi
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology; Neuroscience Program; Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Xiao J, Li Q, Qu P, Zhang Z, Pan S, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Isolation of Bovine Skin-Derived Precursor Cells and Their Developmental Potential After Nuclear Transfer. Cell Reprogram 2016; 18:411-418. [PMID: 27906583 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclei from less differentiated stem cells yield high cloning efficiency. However, pluripotent stem cells are rather difficult to obtain from bovines. Skin-derived precursor (SKPs) cells exhibit a certain degree of pluripotency, which has been shown to enhance the efficiency of nuclear transfer (NT) in pigs. In this study, bovine SKPs were isolated and characterized. Results showed that bovine SKPs expressed nestin, fibronectin, vimentin, pluripotency-related genes, and characteristic neural crest markers, such as NGFR, PAX3, SOX9, SNAI2, and OCT4. Bovine SKPs and fibroblasts were used as NT donor cells to examine and compare the preimplantation developmental potential of reconstructed embryos after somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Bovine SKP-cloned embryos displayed higher developmental competence in terms of blastocyst formation rate and total cell number in blastocysts compared with the bovine embryonic fibroblast-cloned embryos. This study revealed that bovine SKPs may be considered excellent candidate nuclear donors for SCNT and may provide a promising platform for transgenic cattle generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xiao
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Qiaoqiao Li
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Pengxiang Qu
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Shaohui Pan
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Yong Zhang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China .,2 Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
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Summerfield A, Meurens F, Ricklin ME. The immunology of the porcine skin and its value as a model for human skin. Mol Immunol 2014; 66:14-21. [PMID: 25466611 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The porcine skin has striking similarities to the human skin in terms of general structure, thickness, hair follicle content, pigmentation, collagen and lipid composition. This has been the basis for numerous studies using the pig as a model for wound healing, transdermal delivery, dermal toxicology, radiation and UVB effects. Considering that the skin also represents an immune organ of utmost importance for health, immune cells present in the skin of the pig will be reviewed. The focus of this review is on dendritic cells, which play a central role in the skin immune system as they serve as sentinels in the skin, which offers a large surface area exposed to the environment. Based on a literature review and original data we propose a classification of porcine dendritic cell subsets in the skin corresponding to the subsets described in the human skin. The equivalent of the human CD141(+) DC subset is CD1a(-)CD4(-)CD172a(-)CADM1(high), that of the CD1c(+) subset is CD1a(+)CD4(-)CD172a(+)CADM1(+/low), and porcine plasmacytoid dendritic cells are CD1a(-)CD4(+)CD172a(+)CADM1(-). CD209 and CD14 could represent markers of inflammatory monocyte-derived cells, either dendritic cells or macrophages. Future studies for example using transriptomic analysis of sorted populations are required to confirm the identity of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
| | - François Meurens
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Meret E Ricklin
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
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Production of healthy cloned pigs with neural stem cells as nuclear donors. Anim Biotechnol 2014; 25:294-305. [PMID: 24813221 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2013.872119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to establish a porcine neural stem cell (NSC) line and to determine if these NSCs could be used to produce cloned pigs. NSCs were isolated from the brains of three embryonic day 30 fetal pigs and were induced to differentiate in vitro . NSCs and the differentiated cells were harvested for analysis of markers by immunostaining and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The NSCs at passage 10 were used for nuclear transfer, and the cloned embryos at the two-cell stage were transferred into the oviducts of surrogate mothers. The results showed that three NSC lines (2 male and 1 female) were successfully established. All NSCs at passage 17 continued to express nestin and Sox2. NSCs could differentiate into neurons (TUBB3+), astrocytes (GFAP+), and oligodendrocytes (O4+). After NSC nuclear transfer, 2020 two-cell stage embryos formed. After embryo transfer, 6 of 10 surrogates were pregnant, and 40 piglets (18 males and 22 females) were born. Twenty-two of these piglets reached sexual maturity and were found to be fertile. The other piglets died within 45 days post-partum. In conclusion, 3 porcine NSC lines capable of self-renewal and differentiation were established, and the cloned embryos derived from these cells could develop to term. Thus, NSCs could be efficient alternative nuclear donors for pig cloning.
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Agarwal P, Kumar M, Kumar K, Singh R, Mahapatra PS, Kumar A, Bhure SK, Malakar D, Sarkar M, Bag S. Isolation and propagation of neural stem cells in caprine (Capra hircus). Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:953-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pranjali Agarwal
- Reproductive Physiology Lab; Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Reproductive Physiology Lab; Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Reproductive Physiology Lab; Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Renu Singh
- Reproductive Physiology Lab; Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Puspendra Saswat Mahapatra
- Reproductive Physiology Lab; Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of Biotechnology; Indian veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Bhure
- Division of Biochemistry; Indian veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Dhruba Malakar
- Division of Biotechnology; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Mihir Sarkar
- Nuclear Research Laboratory; Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Sadhan Bag
- Reproductive Physiology Lab; Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
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Park BW, Shen W, Linher-Melville K, Li J. Deleted in azoospermia-like enhances in vitro derived porcine germ cell formation and meiosis. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:939-50. [PMID: 23259838 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence supporting that deleted in azoospermia-like (DAZL) plays a key role during gametogenesis and meiosis continues to emerge. Our study aimed to determine whether overexpression of DAZL using a lentiviral approach in a somatic stem cell to germ cell in vitro differentiation culture could enhance the formation of primordial germ cell-like cells (PLCs) and oocyte-like cells (OLCs). Introduction of DAZL at the beginning of induced differentiation significantly increased the formation of Fragilis-positive PLCs, which was independent of mitotic proliferation. In addition, mRNA levels of the germ cell markers Oct4, Stella, and Vasa were also higher in the DAZL-transduced group and suppressed when DAZL was knocked down using small interference RNA. At later stages of differentiation, the expression of several genes associated with meiosis, including Scp3, Dmc1, Rec8, and Stra8, was determined to be significantly higher when DAZL was overexpressed, which was abrogated by its knockdown. Exogenous introduction of DAZL also increased the protein levels of SCP3 and VASA, which again was reversed by its knockdown. Although not a common phenomenon in the in vitro differentiation system, the percentage of SCP3-positive cells displaying meiotic chromosome patterns in the DAZL-transduced group was higher than in the control, as was the overall percentage of OLCs that were generated. The introduction of factors such as DAZL into a stem cell-to-germ cell differentiation culture may provide an opportunity to better understand the key genes and their interactions during gametogenesis, also providing a means to enhance the generation of germ cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Fujishiro SH, Nakano K, Mizukami Y, Azami T, Arai Y, Matsunari H, Ishino R, Nishimura T, Watanabe M, Abe T, Furukawa Y, Umeyama K, Yamanaka S, Ema M, Nagashima H, Hanazono Y. Generation of naive-like porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells capable of contributing to embryonic and fetal development. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:473-82. [PMID: 22889279 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), there are 2 types: naive and primed. Only the naive type has the capacity for producing chimeric offspring. Mouse PSCs are naive, but human PSCs are in the primed state. Previously reported porcine PSCs appear in the primed state. In this study, putative naive porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated. Porcine embryonic fibroblasts were transduced with retroviral vectors expressing Yamanaka's 4 genes. Emergent colonies were propagated in the presence of porcine leukemia inhibitory factor (pLIF) and forskolin. The cells expressed pluripotency markers and formed embryoid bodies, which gave rise to cell types from all 3 embryonic germ layers. The naive state of the cells was demonstrated by pLIF dependency, 2 active X chromosomes (when female), absent MHC class I expression, and characteristic gene expression profiles. The porcine iPSCs contributed to the in vitro embryonic development (11/24, 45.8%) as assessed by fluorescent markers. They also contributed to the in utero fetal development (11/71, 15.5% at day 23; 1/13, 7.7% at day 65). This is the first demonstration of macroscopic fluorescent chimeras derived from naive-like porcine PSCs, although adult chimeras remain to be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuh-hei Fujishiro
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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