1
|
Panyutin IV, Wakim PG, Maass-Moreno R, Pritchard WF, Neumann RD, Panyutin IG. Effect of exposure to ionizing radiation on competitive proliferation and differentiation of hESC. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:760-768. [PMID: 36352506 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2146231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied the effects of computed tomography (CT) scan irradiation on proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). It was reported that hESC is extremely radiosensitive; exposure of hESC in cultures to 1 Gy of ionizing radiation (IR) results in massive apoptosis of the damaged cells and, thus, they are eliminated from the cultures. However, after recovery the surviving cells proliferate and differentiate normally. We hypothesized that IR-exposed hESC may still have growth rate disadvantage when they proliferate or differentiate in the presence of non-irradiated hESC, as has been shown for mouse hematopoietic stem cells in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS To study such competitive proliferation and differentiation, we obtained cells of H9 hESC line that stably express green fluorescent protein (H9GFP). Irradiated with 50 mGy or 500 mGy H9GFP and non-irradiated H9 cells (or vice versa) were mixed and allowed to grow under pluripotency maintaining conditions or under conditions of directed differentiation into neuronal lineage for several passages. The ratio of H9GFP to H9 cells was measured after every passage or approximately every week. RESULTS We observed competition of H9 and H9GFP cells; we found that the ratio of H9GFP to H9 cells increased with time in both proliferation and differentiation conditions regardless of irradiation, i.e. the H9GFP cells in general grew faster than H9 cells in the mixtures. However, we did not observe any consistent changes in the relative growth rate of irradiated versus non-irradiated hESC. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that population of pluripotent hESC is very resilient; while damaged cells are eliminated from colonies, the surviving cells retain their pluripotency, ability to differentiate, and compete with non-irradiated isogenic cells. These findings are consistent with the results of our previous studies, and with the concept that early in pregnancy omnipotent cells injured by IR can be replaced by non-damaged cells with no impact on embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Panyutin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Paul G. Wakim
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Roberto Maass-Moreno
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - William F. Pritchard
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Ronald D. Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Igor G. Panyutin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Araki R, Hoki Y, Suga T, Obara C, Sunayama M, Imadome K, Fujita M, Kamimura S, Nakamura M, Wakayama S, Nagy A, Wakayama T, Abe M. Genetic aberrations in iPSCs are introduced by a transient G1/S cell cycle checkpoint deficiency. Nat Commun 2020; 11:197. [PMID: 31924765 PMCID: PMC6954237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of point mutations have been identified in reprogrammed pluripotent stem cells such as iPSCs and ntESCs. The molecular basis for these mutations has remained elusive however, which is a considerable impediment to their potential medical application. Here we report a specific stage at which iPSC generation is not reduced in response to ionizing radiation, i.e. radio-resistance. Quite intriguingly, a G1/S cell cycle checkpoint deficiency occurs in a transient fashion at the initial stage of the genome reprogramming process. These cancer-like phenomena, i.e. a cell cycle checkpoint deficiency resulting in the accumulation of point mutations, suggest a common developmental pathway between iPSC generation and tumorigenesis. This notion is supported by the identification of specific cancer mutational signatures in these cells. We describe efficient generation of human integration-free iPSCs using erythroblast cells, which have only a small number of point mutations and INDELs, none of which are in coding regions. Point mutations have been found in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) but when they arise is unclear. Here, the authors show that a G1/S cell cycle checkpoint deficiency transiently occurs early in genome reprogramming, suggesting a common developmental pathway between iPSC and tumorigenesis, and generate genetic burden-free human iPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Araki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Yuko Hoki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tomo Suga
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Chizuka Obara
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Misato Sunayama
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kaori Imadome
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamimura
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Miki Nakamura
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Sayaka Wakayama
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Teruhiko Wakayama
- Advanced Biotechnology Center, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Masumi Abe
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hanu C, Loeliger BW, Panyutin IV, Maass-Moreno R, Wakim P, Pritchard WF, Neumann RD, Panyutin IG. Effect of Ionizing Radiation from Computed Tomography on Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Neural Precursors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163900. [PMID: 31405104 PMCID: PMC6720494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of radiation from computed tomography (CT) scans on differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into neuronal lineage. hESCs were divided into three radiation exposure groups: 0-dose, low-dose, or high-dose exposure. Low dose was accomplished with a single 15 mGy CT dose index (CTDI) CT scan that approximated the dose for abdominal/pelvic CT examinations in adults while the high dose was achieved with several consecutive CT scans yielding a cumulative dose of 500 mGy CTDI. The neural induction was characterized by immunocytochemistry. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blots were used to measure expression of the neuronal markers PAX6 and NES and pluripotency marker OCT4. We did not find any visible morphological differences between neural precursors from irradiated and non-irradiated cells. However, quantitative analyses of neuronal markers showed that PAX6 expression was reduced following exposure to the high dose compared to 0-dose controls, while no such decrease in PAX6 expression was observed following exposure to the low dose. Similarly, a statistically significant reduction in expression of NES was observed following high-dose exposure, while after low-dose exposure, a modest but statistically significant reduction in NES expression was only observed on Day 8 of differentiation. Further studies are warranted to elucidate how lower or delayed expression of PAX6 and NES can impact human fetal brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hanu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Burk W Loeliger
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Irina V Panyutin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roberto Maass-Moreno
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Wakim
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William F Pritchard
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald D Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Igor G Panyutin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baljinnyam E, Venkatesh S, Gordan R, Mareedu S, Zhang J, Xie LH, Azzam EI, Suzuki CK, Fraidenraich D. Effect of densely ionizing radiation on cardiomyocyte differentiation from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/15/e13308. [PMID: 28801517 PMCID: PMC5555881 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of human cardiac development can be faithfully recapitulated in a culture dish with human pluripotent stem cells, where the impact of environmental stressors can be evaluated. The consequences of ionizing radiation exposure on human cardiac differentiation are largely unknown. In this study, human-induced pluripotent stem cell cultures (hiPSCs) were subjected to an external beam of 3.7 MeV α-particles at low mean absorbed doses of 0.5, 3, and 10 cGy. Subsequently, the hiPSCs were differentiated into beating cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Pluripotent and cardiac markers and morphology did not reveal differences between the irradiated and nonirradiated groups. While cell number was not affected during CM differentiation, cell number of differentiated CMs was severely reduced by ionizing radiation in a dose-responsive manner. β-adrenergic stimulation causes calcium (Ca2+) overload and oxidative stress. Although no significant increase in Ca2+ transient amplitude was observed in any group after treatment with 1 μmol/L isoproterenol, the incidence of spontaneous Ca2+ waves/releases was more frequent in hiPSC-CMs of the irradiated groups, indicating arrhythmogenic activities at the single cell level. Increased transcript expression of mitochondrial biomarkers (LONP1, TFAM) and mtDNA-encoded genes (MT-CYB, MT-RNR1) was detected upon differentiation of hiPSC-CMs suggesting increased organelle biogenesis. Exposure of hiPSC-CM cultures to 10 cGy significantly upregulated MT-CYB and MT-RNR1 expression, which may reflect an adaptive response to ionizing radiation. Our results indicate that important aspects of differentiation of hiPSCs into cardiac myocytes may be affected by low fluences of densely ionizing radiations such as α-particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erdene Baljinnyam
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Richard Gordan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Satvik Mareedu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Edouard I Azzam
- Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Carolyn K Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Diego Fraidenraich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sylvester CB, Abe JI, Patel ZS, Grande-Allen KJ. Radiation-Induced Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Importance of Linear Energy Transfer. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:5. [PMID: 29445728 PMCID: PMC5797745 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) in the form of photons and protons is a well-established treatment for cancer. More recently, heavy charged particles have been used to treat radioresistant and high-risk cancers. Radiation treatment is known to cause cardiovascular disease (CVD) which can occur acutely during treatment or years afterward in the form of accelerated atherosclerosis. Radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (RICVD) can be a limiting factor in treatment as well as a cause of morbidity and mortality in successfully treated patients. Inflammation plays a key role in both acute and chronic RICVD, but the underling pathophysiology is complex, involving DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and chronic inflammation. While understanding of the molecular mechanisms of RICVD has increased, the growing number of patients receiving RT warrants further research to identify individuals at risk, plans for prevention, and targets for the treatment of RICVD. Research on RICVD is also relevant to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) due to the prevalent space radiation environment encountered by astronauts. NASA's current research on RICVD can both contribute to and benefit from concurrent work with cell and animal studies informing radiotoxicities resulting from cancer therapy. This review summarizes the types of radiation currently in clinical use, models of RICVD, current knowledge of the mechanisms by which they cause CVD, and how this knowledge might apply to those exposed to various types of radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Sylvester
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zarana S Patel
- Science and Space Operations, KBRwyle, Houston, TX, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luft S, Arrizabalaga O, Kulish I, Nasonova E, Durante M, Ritter S, Schroeder IS. Ionizing Radiation Alters Human Embryonic Stem Cell Properties and Differentiation Capacity by Diminishing the Expression of Activin Receptors. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:341-352. [PMID: 27937745 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of the embryo to ionizing radiation (IR) is detrimental as it can cause genotoxic stress leading to immediate and latent consequences such as functional defects, malformations, or cancer. Human embryonic stem (hES) cells can mimic the preimplantation embryo and help to assess the biological effects of IR during early development. In this study, we describe the alterations H9 hES cells exhibit after X-ray irradiation in respect to cell cycle progression, apoptosis, genomic stability, stem cell signaling, and their capacity to differentiate into definitive endoderm. Early postirradiation, hES cells responded with an arrest in G2/M phase, elevated apoptosis, and increased chromosomal aberrations. Significant downregulation of stem cell signaling markers of the TGF beta-, Wnt-, and Hedgehog pathways was observed. Most prominent were alterations in the expression of activin receptors. However, hES cells responded differently depending on the culture conditions chosen for maintenance. Enzymatically passaged cells were less sensitive to IR than mechanically passaged ones showing fewer apoptotic cells and fewer changes in the stem cell signaling 24 h after irradiation, but displayed higher levels of chromosomal aberrations. Even though many of the observed changes were transient, surviving hES cells, which were differentiated 4 days postirradiation, showed a lower efficiency to form definitive endoderm than their mock-irradiated counterparts. This was demonstrated by lower expression levels of SOX17 and microRNA miR-375. In conclusion, hES cells are a suitable tool for the IR risk assessment during early human development. However, careful choice of the culture methods and a vigorous monitoring of the stem cell quality are mandatory for the use of these cells. Exposure to IR influences the stem cell properties of hES cells even when immediate radiation effects are overcome. This warrants consideration in the risk assessment of radiation effects during the earliest stages of human development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Luft
- 1 Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research , Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Onetsine Arrizabalaga
- 1 Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research , Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ireen Kulish
- 1 Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research , Darmstadt, Germany .,2 Technical University Darmstadt , Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Elena Nasonova
- 1 Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research , Darmstadt, Germany .,3 Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research , Dubna, Russia
| | - Marco Durante
- 1 Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research , Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sylvia Ritter
- 1 Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research , Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Insa S Schroeder
- 1 Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research , Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|