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Ecker A, Lázár B, Tóth RI, Urbán M, Hoffmann OI, Fekete Z, Barta E, Uher F, Matula Z, Várkonyi E, Gócza E. Creating a novel method for chicken primordial germ cell health monitoring using the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator reporter system. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104144. [PMID: 39173570 PMCID: PMC11382113 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The most current in vitro genetic methods, including gene preservation, gene editing and developmental modelling, require a significant number of healthy cells. In poultry species, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are great candidates for all the above-mentioned purposes, given their easy culturing and well-established freezing method for chicken. However, the constant monitoring of cultures can be financially challenging and consumes large amounts of solutions and accessories. This study aimed to introduce the Fluorescent Ubiquitination-based Cell Cycle Indicator (FUCCI) complex into the chicken PGCs. FUCCI is a powerful transgenic tool based on the periodic protein expression changes during the cell cycle. It includes chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 attached monomeric Kusabira-Orange and Geminin-attached monomeric Azami-Green fluorescent proteins, that cause the cells to express a red signal in the G1 phase and a green signal in S and G2 phases. Modification of the chicken PGCs was done via electroporation and deemed to be successful according to confocal microscopy, DNA sequencing and timelapse video analysis. Stable clone cell lines were established, cryopreserved, and injected into recipient embryos to prove the integrational competency. The cell health monitoring was tested with medium change experiments, that proved the intended reactions of the FUCCI transgene. These results established the future for FUCCI experiments in chicken, including heat treatment and toxin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Ecker
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary; Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - Bence Lázár
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary; Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary; National Centre for Biodiversity and Gene Conservation, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - Roland I Tóth
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary; Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - Martin Urbán
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary; Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - Orsolya I Hoffmann
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary; Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - Zsófia Fekete
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80101 Finland
| | - Endre Barta
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | - Ferenc Uher
- National Institute of Hematology and Infectology, Budapest, 1097 Hungary
| | - Zsolt Matula
- National Institute of Hematology and Infectology, Budapest, 1097 Hungary
| | - Eszter Várkonyi
- National Centre for Biodiversity and Gene Conservation, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - Elen Gócza
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary; Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary.
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Kidder BL, Ruden X, Singh A, Marben TA, Rass L, Chakravarty A, Xie Y, Puscheck EE, Awonuga AO, Harris S, Ruden DM, Rappolee DA. Novel high throughput screen reports that benzo(a)pyrene overrides mouse trophoblast stem cell multipotency, inducing SAPK activity, HAND1 and differentiated trophoblast giant cells. Placenta 2024; 152:72-85. [PMID: 38245404 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cultured mouse trophoblast stem cells (mTSC) maintain proliferation/normal stemness (NS) under FGF4, which when removed, causes normal differentiation (ND). Hypoxic, or hyperosmotic stress forces trophoblast giant cells (TGC) differentiate. Hypoxic, hyperosmotic, and genotoxic benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), which is found in tobacco smoke, force down-regulation of inhibitor of differentiation (Id)2, enabling TGC differentiation. Hypoxic and hyperosmotic stress induce TGC by SAPK-dependent HAND1 increase. Here we test whether BaP forces mTSC-to-TGC while inducing SAPK and HAND1. METHODS Hand1 and SAPK activity were assayed by immunoblot, mTSC-to-TGC growth and differentiation were assayed at Tfinal after 72hr exposure of BaP, NS, ND, Retinoic acid (RA), or sorbitol. Nuclear-stained cells were micrographed automatically by a live imager, and assayed by ImageJ/FIJI, Biotek Gen 5, AIVIA proprietary artificial intelligence (AI) software or open source, CellPose artificial intelligence/AI software. RESULTS BaP (0.05-1μM) activated SAPK and HAND1 without diminishing growth. TSC-to-TGC differentiation was assayed with increasingly accuracy for 2-4 N cycling nuclei and >4 N differentiating TGC nuclei, using ImageJ/FIJI, Gen 5, AIVIA, or CellPose AI software. The AIVIA and Cellpose AI software matches human accuracy. The lowest BaP effects on SAPK activation/HAND1 increase are >10-fold more sensitive than similar effects for mESC. RA induces 44-47% 1st lineage TGC differentiation, but the same RA dose induces only 1% 1st lineage mESC differentiation. DISCUSSION First, these pilot data suggest that mTSC can be used in high throughput screens (HTS) to predict toxicant exposures that force TGC differentiation. Second, mTSC differentiated more cells than mESC for similar stress exposures, Third, open source AI can replace human micrograph quantitation and enable a miscarriage-predicting HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Kidder
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - X Ruden
- CS Mott Center/WSU Ob/gyn Department, USA; Reproductive Stress Inc, Grosse Pointe Farms, MI, USA
| | - A Singh
- CS Mott Center/WSU Ob/gyn Department, USA; WSU CMMG, USA
| | - T A Marben
- University of Detroit, Mercy (NIH Build Fellow), USA
| | - L Rass
- Barber Foundation Fellows/WSU, USA
| | | | - Y Xie
- Western Fertility, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E E Puscheck
- CS Mott Center/WSU Ob/gyn Department, USA; Invia Infertility, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - S Harris
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - D M Ruden
- CS Mott Center/WSU Ob/gyn Department, USA; IEHS, WSU, USA
| | - D A Rappolee
- CS Mott Center/WSU Ob/gyn Department, USA; Reproductive Stress Inc, Grosse Pointe Farms, MI, USA; Dept of Physiology, WSU, USA.
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Puscheck EE, Ruden X, Singh A, Abdulhasan M, Ruden DM, Awonuga AO, Rappolee DA. Using high throughput screens to predict miscarriages with placental stem cells and long-term stress effects with embryonic stem cells. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:1014-1036. [PMID: 35979652 PMCID: PMC10108263 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A problem in developmental toxicology is the massive loss of life from fertilization through gastrulation, and the surprising lack of knowledge of causes of miscarriage. Half to two-thirds of embryos are lost, and environmental and genetic causes are nearly equal. Simply put, it can be inferred that this is a difficult period for normal embryos, but that environmental stresses may cause homeostatic responses that move from adaptive to maladaptive with increasing exposures. At the lower 50% estimate, miscarriage causes greater loss-of-life than all cancers combined or of all cardio- and cerebral-vascular accidents combined. Surprisingly, we do not know if miscarriage rates are increasing or decreasing. Overshadowed by the magnitude of miscarriages, are insufficient data on teratogenic or epigenetic imbalances in surviving embryos and their stem cells. Superimposed on the difficult normal trajectory for peri-gastrulation embryos are added malnutrition, hormonal, and environmental stresses. An overarching hypothesis is that high throughput screens (HTS) using cultured viable reporter embryonic and placental stem cells (e.g., embryonic stem cells [ESC] and trophoblast stem cells [TSC] that report status using fluorescent reporters in living cells) from the pre-gastrulation embryo will most rapidly test a range of hormonal, environmental, nutritional, drug, and diet supplement stresses that decrease stem cell proliferation and imbalance stemness/differentiation. A second hypothesis is that TSC respond with greater sensitivity in magnitude to stress that would cause miscarriage, but ESC are stress-resistant to irreversible stemness loss and are best used to predict long-term health defects. DevTox testing needs more ESC and TSC HTS to model environmental stresses leading to miscarriage or teratogenesis and more research on epidemiology of stress and miscarriage. This endeavor also requires a shift in emphasis on pre- and early gastrulation events during the difficult period of maximum loss by miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Puscheck
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Reproductive Stress 3M Inc, Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan, USA
- Invia Fertility Clinics, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA
| | - Ximena Ruden
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Aditi Singh
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Mohammed Abdulhasan
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Reproductive Stress 3M Inc, Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan, USA
| | - Douglas M Ruden
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Invia Fertility Clinics, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Environmental Health Science, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Awoniyi O Awonuga
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel A Rappolee
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Reproductive Stress 3M Inc, Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan, USA
- Invia Fertility Clinics, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Environmental Health Science, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Program for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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