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Pepe A, Laezza A, Armiento F, Bochicchio B. Chemical Modifications in Hyaluronic Acid-Based Electrospun Scaffolds. Chempluschem 2024:e202300599. [PMID: 38507283 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) present in ECM. It is involved in different biological functions with appealing properties in cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparations as well as in tissue engineering. Generally, HA has been electrospun in blends with natural or synthetic polymers to produce fibers having diameters in the order of nano and micro-scale whose pores can host cells able to regenerate damaged tissues. In the last decade, a rich literature on electrospun HA-based materials arose. Chemical modifications were generally introduced in HA scaffolds to favour crosslinking or conjugation with bioactive molecules. Considering the high solubility of HA in water, HA-based electrospun scaffolds are cross-linked to increase the stability in biological fluids. Crosslinking is necessary also to avoid the release of HA from the hybrid scaffold when implanted in-vivo. Furthermore, to endow the HA based scaffolds with new chemical or biological properties, conjugation of bioactive molecules to HA was widely reported. Herein, we review the existing research classifying chemical modifications on HA and HA-based electrospun fibers into three categories: i) in-situ crosslinking of electrospun HA-based scaffolds ii) off-site crosslinking of electrospun HA-based scaffolds; iii) conjugation of biofunctional molecules to HA with focus on peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Pepe
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Laezza
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Armiento
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Brigida Bochicchio
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
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Laezza A, Pepe A, Bochicchio B. Elastin-Hyaluronan Bioconjugate as Bioactive Component in Electrospun Scaffolds. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201959. [PMID: 35916026 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid or hyaluronan (HA) and elastin-inspired peptides (EL) have been widely recognized as bioinspired materials useful in biomedical applications. The aim of the present work is the production of electrospun scaffolds as wound dressing materials which would benefit from synergic action of the bioactivity of elastin peptides and the regenerative properties of hyaluronic acid. Taking advantage of thiol-ene chemistry, a bioactive elastin peptide was successfully conjugated to methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MAHA) and electrospun together with poly-D,L-lactide (PDLLA). To the best of our knowledge, limited reports on peptide-conjugated hyaluronic acid were described in literature, and none of these was employed for the production of electrospun scaffolds. The conformational studies carried out by Circular Dichroism (CD) on the bioconjugated compound confirmed the preservation of secondary structure of the peptide after conjugation while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the supramolecular structure of the electrospun scaffolds. Overall, the study demonstrates that the bioconjugation of hyaluronic acid with the elastin peptide improved the electrospinning processability with improved characteristics in terms of morphology of the final scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laezza
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonietta Pepe
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Brigida Bochicchio
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
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Hanson P, Arkill KP, Merry CL, Hussain MS, Meersmann T, Randeva HS, Pavlovskaya GE, O'Hare P, Barber TM. Novel perspectives of sodium handling in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:333-341. [PMID: 35729865 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2092094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a key regulator of body water, sodium homeostasis forms an essential component of human physiology. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D)-associated sodium overload stems from chronic renal retention of sodium, contributing toward the development of adverse cardiovascular sequelae. AREAS COVERED Our traditional model of sodium regulation invokes two compartments: extracellular fluid (ECF [plasma and interstitial fluid]) and intracellular fluid (ICF). Data from the Mars program reveal inconsistencies with this two-space model, including mismatches between net body sodium and water. Recent data utilizing 23Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) show a preponderance of bound sodium within human dermis, consistent with a third space repository and providing compelling evidence to support a three-space model in which dermal sodium binding facilitates sodium homeostasis within the ECF and ICF. This buffer is impaired in T2D, with diminishment of dermal bound sodium that may promote deleterious sequelae of sodium overload within the ECF and ICF. EXPERT OPINION Future studies should focus on novel therapeutic opportunities for sodium regulation in T2D and other conditions of sodium dysregulation. The ratio of free:bound dermal sodium (reflecting sodium storage capacity) could be utilized as a clinical biomarker for salt and water balance, to improve diagnostic accuracy and facilitate clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hanson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - Kenton P Arkill
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Mohammed S Hussain
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - Galina E Pavlovskaya
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul O'Hare
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - Thomas M Barber
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
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