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Topliff CL, Alkheraif AA, Kuszynski CA, Davis WC, Steffen DJ, Schmitz JA, Eskridge KM, Charleston B, Henningson JN, Kelling CL. Experimental acute infection of alpacas with Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 subgenotype b alters peripheral blood and GALT leukocyte subsets. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:186-192. [PMID: 28166712 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717690015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen in cattle and alpacas ( Vicugna pacos), causing acute and persistent BVDV infections. We characterized the effect of acute BVDV infection on the immune system of alpacas by determining lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) as well as serum interferon levels. Alpacas were experimentally infected with BVDV-1b (strain CO-06). Peripheral blood leukocytes were isolated at 0, 3, 6, and 9 d postinfection (dpi), and leukocytes of GALT at 9 dpi, and evaluated using flow cytometry. Serum interferon levels were determined daily. Flow cytometric analyses of peripheral blood leukocytes showed a significant decrease in CD4+, CD8+, and αβ T-lymphocytes at 3 dpi. CD8+ lymphocytes were significantly increased, and activated lymphocytes were significantly decreased in the C3-stomach region in BVDV-infected alpacas. Serum interferon concentrations significantly increased in BVDV-infected alpacas at 3-6 dpi, peaking at 3 dpi. Our study confirms that BVDV can be a primary acute pathogen in alpacas and that it induces an interferon response and alters leukocyte subset populations. The changes in the proportion of T-lymphocytes during the early stages of BVDV infection may result in transient immunosuppression that may contribute to secondary bacterial and viral infections, similar to cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Topliff
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Topliff, Alkheraif, Steffen, Henningson, Kelling) and Department of Statistics (Eskridge), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Kuszynski).,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA (Davis).,Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (Schmitz).,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom (Charleston)
| | - Abdulrahman A Alkheraif
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Topliff, Alkheraif, Steffen, Henningson, Kelling) and Department of Statistics (Eskridge), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Kuszynski).,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA (Davis).,Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (Schmitz).,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom (Charleston)
| | - Charles A Kuszynski
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Topliff, Alkheraif, Steffen, Henningson, Kelling) and Department of Statistics (Eskridge), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Kuszynski).,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA (Davis).,Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (Schmitz).,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom (Charleston)
| | - William C Davis
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Topliff, Alkheraif, Steffen, Henningson, Kelling) and Department of Statistics (Eskridge), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Kuszynski).,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA (Davis).,Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (Schmitz).,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom (Charleston)
| | - David J Steffen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Topliff, Alkheraif, Steffen, Henningson, Kelling) and Department of Statistics (Eskridge), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Kuszynski).,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA (Davis).,Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (Schmitz).,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom (Charleston)
| | - Jack A Schmitz
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Topliff, Alkheraif, Steffen, Henningson, Kelling) and Department of Statistics (Eskridge), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Kuszynski).,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA (Davis).,Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (Schmitz).,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom (Charleston)
| | - Kent M Eskridge
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Topliff, Alkheraif, Steffen, Henningson, Kelling) and Department of Statistics (Eskridge), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Kuszynski).,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA (Davis).,Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (Schmitz).,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom (Charleston)
| | - Bryan Charleston
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Topliff, Alkheraif, Steffen, Henningson, Kelling) and Department of Statistics (Eskridge), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Kuszynski).,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA (Davis).,Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (Schmitz).,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom (Charleston)
| | - Jamie N Henningson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Topliff, Alkheraif, Steffen, Henningson, Kelling) and Department of Statistics (Eskridge), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Kuszynski).,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA (Davis).,Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (Schmitz).,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom (Charleston)
| | - Clayton L Kelling
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Topliff, Alkheraif, Steffen, Henningson, Kelling) and Department of Statistics (Eskridge), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (Kuszynski).,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA (Davis).,Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (Schmitz).,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom (Charleston)
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