Effects of Daily Consumption of Soy Products on Basic/Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Community-Dwelling Japanese Women Aged 75 Years and Older: A 4-Year Cohort Study

Systematic review of longitudinal studies on daily health behavior and activity of daily living among older adults

BACKGROUND

Health behavior, as an intervention led by nursing staff, plays a pivotal role in enhancing the health of older adults. However, existing evidence has predominantly focused on isolated aspects (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, or exercise), with most studies being cross-sectional, thereby limiting the ability to establish causal relationships between these factors and Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). A comprehensive synthesis of longitudinal studies is required to elucidate the impact of daily health behaviors on ADLs in older adults.

OBJECTIVES

Our goal was to assess the predictive relationship between daily health behaviors and ADLs, aiming to better understand their longitudinal interplay among the older adults population.

DESIGN

This systematic review was meticulously conducted following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the recommendations of the Cochrane Community.

DATA SOURCES

A thorough search was conducted using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and associated keywords in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP), and Wanfang, up to December 2024.

METHODS

Two researchers independently screened the articles, and data extraction and verification were carried out for those meeting the inclusion criteria. This review systematically evaluated longitudinal studies examining the correlation between various daily health behaviors and ADL performance in older adults.

RESULTS

13 longitudinal studies were included after excluding duplicates and irrelevant literature. Of these, 12 (92.3%) were deemed high quality, and 1 (7.7%) was considered low quality. Daily exercise was identified as the most influential behavior for preventing ADL disability, with adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and moderate alcohol consumption also demonstrating protective effects. In contrast, physical inactivity, a sedentary lifestyle, and smoking were strongly linked to ADL impairment, followed by sleep duration issues, infrequent consumption of fruits and vegetables, lower frequency of soy product intake, and higher energy intake.

CONCLUSION

Longitudinal data and theoretical literature indicate that daily health behavior indicators predict independence in older adults. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the inability to pool data from the included studies, which exhibited significant variations in the operationalization of the indicators and ADLs. The results highlight the clinical significance of advocating for healthy behaviors to prevent early ADL decline in older adults. Implementing these insights could lead to a substantial reduction in healthcare burdens and an extension of healthy life expectancy.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023491550, identifier CRD42023491550.

Changes in Combined Lifestyle Risks and the Transition of Activities of Daily Living in the Elderly Population of Taiwan: Evidence from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging

Functional ability decline occurs with age. This study aims to investigate the associations between the lifestyle factors-exercising, food consumption, and smoking-and the functional ability of the activities of daily living (ADL) by gender. The data were obtained from the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging, a national cohort study. The cross-sectional results demonstrated that the frequency of exercising was negatively associated with ADL in both men and women. Dairy products were positively associated with ADL in men. The longitudinal results illustrated that current and consistent exercising were negatively associated with changes in ADL scores over 4- and 8-year periods in both men and women. Seafood consumption was negatively associated with changes in the subsequent 4-year ADL scores. Past smoking was positively associated with changes in subsequent 4-year ADL scores in men, while current smoking was positively associated with changes in subsequent 8-year ADL scores in women. Therefore, consistent exercising, food consumption, and smoking were associated with ADL functional ability in elderly people, and the associations differed by gender. Elders exercising consistently had good ADL performance and maintained their ADL ability better, especially women. Seafood consumption decreased the risk of ADL decline, while smoking increased the risk of ADL decline.

Cross-Sectional Study on the Association between Dietary Patterns and Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Conservative Treatment

Sarcopenia is a poor prognostic factor in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Adequate dietary patterns are important for preventing sarcopenia; however, evidence regarding the underlying association between sarcopenia and diet is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the association between sarcopenia and dietary patterns in CKD patients receiving conservative treatment. In this cross-sectional study, 441 patients with conservative CKD were examined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia diagnostic criteria. CKD was defined as an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 present for >3 months. The participants were divided into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, and dietary patterns were compared between the two groups using the dietary variety score, a simple dietary survey method that investigates the weekly frequency of consumption of 10 food groups. Logistic regression analysis for CKD G3 showed that female sex (odds ratio (OR): 0.166, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.086-0.320), increased body mass index (OR: 0.663, 95% CI: 0.590-0.745), and almost daily consumption of green/yellow vegetables (OR: 0.350, 95% CI: 0.176-0.695) were positively associated with non-sarcopenia. Although further prospective studies are required, the results suggest that low frequent consumption of vegetables is associated with sarcopenia in patients with CKD.