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Weston E, Pangilinan F, Eaton S, Orford M, Leung KY, Copp AJ, Mills JL, Molloy AM, Brody LC, Greene NDE. Investigating Genetic Determinants of Plasma Inositol Status in Adult Humans. J Nutr 2022; 152:2333-2342. [PMID: 36774100 PMCID: PMC9644178 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myo-inositol (MI) is incorporated into numerous biomolecules, including phosphoinositides and inositol phosphates. Disturbance of inositol availability or metabolism is associated with various disorders, including neurological conditions and cancers, whereas supplemental MI has therapeutic potential in conditions such as depression, polycystic ovary syndrome, and congenital anomalies. Inositol status can be influenced by diet, synthesis, transport, utilization, and catabolism. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate potential genetic regulation of circulating MI status and to evaluate correlation of MI concentration with other metabolites. METHODS GC-MS was used to determine plasma MI concentration of >2000 healthy, young adults (aged 18-28 y) from the Trinity Student Study. Genotyping data were used to test association of plasma MI with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes, encoding inositol transporters and synthesizing enzymes, and test for genome-wide association. We evaluated potential correlation of plasma MI with d-chiro-inositol (DCI), glucose, and other metabolites by Spearman rank correlation. RESULTS Mean plasma MI showed a small but significant difference between males and females (28.5 and 26.9 μM, respectively). Candidate gene analysis revealed several nominally significant associations with plasma MI, most notably for SLC5A11 (solute carrier family 5 member 11), encoding a sodium-coupled inositol transporter, also known as SMIT2 (sodium-dependent myo-inositol transporter 2). However, these did not survive correction for multiple testing. Subsequent testing for genome-wide association with plasma MI did not identify associations of genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8). However, 8 SNPs exceeded the threshold for suggestive significant association with plasma MI concentration (P < 1 × 10-5), 3 of which were located within or close to genes: MTDH (metadherin), LAPTM4B (lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 β), and ZP2 (zona pellucida 2). We found significant positive correlation of plasma MI concentration with concentration of dci and several other biochemicals including glucose, methionine, betaine, sarcosine, and tryptophan. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest potential for modulation of plasma MI in young adults by variation in SLC5A11, which is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Weston
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faith Pangilinan
- Genetics and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simon Eaton
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Orford
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kit-Yi Leung
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James L Mills
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne M Molloy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lawrence C Brody
- Genetics and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Pangilinan F, Finlay EK, Molloy AM, Abaan HO, Shane B, Mills JL, Brody LC, Parle-McDermott A. A dihydrofolate reductase 2 (DHFR2) variant is associated with risk of neural tube defects in an Irish cohort but not in a United Kingdom cohort. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1307-1311. [PMID: 33544972 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faith Pangilinan
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emma K Finlay
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne M Molloy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hattice O Abaan
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Barry Shane
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - James L Mills
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence C Brody
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Formate is a one-carbon molecule at the crossroad between cellular and whole body metabolism, between host and microbiome metabolism, and between nutrition and toxicology. This centrality confers formate with a key role in human physiology and disease that is currently unappreciated. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we review the scientific literature on formate metabolism, highlighting cellular pathways, whole body metabolism, and interactions with the diet and the gut microbiome. We will discuss the relevance of formate metabolism in the context of embryonic development, cancer, obesity, immunometabolism, and neurodegeneration. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We will conclude with an outlook of some open questions bringing formate metabolism into the spotlight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Meiser
- Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alexei Vazquez
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Brosnan JT, Plumptre L, Brosnan ME, Pongnopparat T, Masih SP, Visentin CE, Berger H, Lamers Y, Caudill MA, Malysheva OV, O'Connor DL, Kim YI. Formate concentrations in maternal plasma during pregnancy and in cord blood in a cohort of pregnant Canadian women: relations to genetic polymorphisms and plasma metabolites. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1131-1137. [PMID: 31350902 PMCID: PMC6821548 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-carbon metabolism, responsible for purine and thymidylate synthesis and transmethylation reactions, plays a critical role in embryonic and fetal development. Formate is a key player in one-carbon metabolism. In contrast to other one-carbon metabolites, it is not linked to tetrahydrofolate, is present in plasma at appreciable concentrations, and may therefore be distributed to different tissues. OBJECTIVE The study was designed to determine the concentration of formate in cord blood in comparison with maternal blood taken earlier in pregnancy and at delivery and to relate formate concentrations to potential precursors and key fetal genotypes. METHODS Formate and amino acids were measured in plasma during early pregnancy (12-16 wk), at delivery (37-42 wk), and in cord blood samples from 215 mothers, of a prospective cohort study. Three fetal genetic variants in one-carbon metabolism were assessed for their association with cord plasma concentrations of formate. RESULTS The formate concentration was ∼60% higher in the cord blood samples than in mothers' plasma. The maternal formate concentrations did not differ between the early pregnancy samples and those taken at delivery. Plasma concentrations of 4 formate precursors (serine, glycine, tryptophan, and methionine) were increased in cord blood compared with the maternal samples. Cord blood formate was influenced by fetal genotype, being ∼12% higher in infants harboring the MTHFR A1298C (rs1801131) AC or CC genotypes and 10% lower in infants harboring the MTHFD1 G1958A (rs2236225) GA or AA genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The increased formate concentrations in cord blood may support the increased activity of one-carbon metabolism in infants. As such, it would support increased rates of purine and thymidylate synthesis and the provision of methionine for methylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Brosnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada,Address correspondence to JTB (e-mail: )
| | - Lesley Plumptre
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret E Brosnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Theerawat Pongnopparat
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Shannon P Masih
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carly E Visentin
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard Berger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yvonne Lamers
- Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Olga V Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Young-In Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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