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Adiraju A, Jalasutram A, Al-Hamry A, Talbi M, Wang J, Tegenkamp C, Kanoun O. Laser-induced fibers and copper phthalocyanine modified laser-induced graphene electrodes for sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of nitrite. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28648-28658. [PMID: 39252996 PMCID: PMC11381946 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported laser-induced fibers (LIF) as a promising nanomaterial that possesses good electrochemical activity and are easily manufacturable. In this paper, for the first time, the application of LIF as functionalization materials on laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes for the detection of nitrate is demonstrated. The as-fabricated LIF surfaces on Kapton were extracted by ultrasonication as a dispersion and were used to modify the surface of the LIG electrode. An enhancement in active surface area from 0.669 cm2 for bare LIG to 0.83 cm2 for LIF-modified LIG was observed. Similarly, the heterogeneous electron transfer rate increased from 0.190 to 0.346 cm s-1 for LIF/LIG electrodes. The electrochemical detection of nitrite was achieved by modifying the LIG with a nanocomposite of LIF and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). The presence of CuPc provided the desired catalytic activity towards the oxidation of nitrite, and the LIF enhanced the electron transfer to the electrode. Such a synergetic combination of the LIF embedded with CuPc enabled reaching a low limit of detection (LoD) of 0.12 μM, a large linear range from 10 to 10 000 μM and good selectivity in the presence of potential interferants. The sensor had a long shelf life of 30 days and good analytical capability to detect nitrite in mineral, tap, and groundwater. The potential of LIF is largely unexplored and the findings reported here on the fibers would open manifold opportunities for realizing novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Adiraju
- Chair Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Aditya Jalasutram
- Chair Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Ammar Al-Hamry
- Chair Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Malak Talbi
- Chair Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Junfei Wang
- Chair Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Christoph Tegenkamp
- Analysis of Solid Surfaces, Institute for Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Olfa Kanoun
- Chair Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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Hosseini SM, Panahi-Azar A, Sheybani-Arani M, Morovatshoar R, Mirzadeh M, Salimi Asl A, Naghdipour Mirsadeghi M, Khajavi-Mayvan F. Vitamins, minerals and their maternal levels' role in brain development: An updated literature-review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:31-45. [PMID: 38907995 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
One's neurobehavioural and mental health are built during the exact and complex process of brain development. It is thought that fetal development is where neuropsychiatric disorders first emerged. Behavioural patterns can change as a result of neuropsychiatric illnesses. The incidence is rising quickly; nevertheless, providing exceptional care remains a significant challenge for families and healthcare systems. It has been demonstrated that one of the main factors causing the transmission of these diseases is maternal exposure. Through physiologic pathways, maternal health and intrauterine exposures can affect brain development. Our attention has been focused on epigenetic factors, particularly in the gestational environment, which may be responsible for human neurodegenerative diseases since our main mental development occurs during the nine months of intrauterine life. After thoroughly searching numerous databases, this study examined the effect of fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals and their maternal-level effect on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ava Panahi-Azar
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Morovatshoar
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Mirzadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Ali Salimi Asl
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Misa Naghdipour Mirsadeghi
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Reproductive Health Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Clemmensen PJ, Brix N, Schullehner J, Ernst A, Harrits Lunddorf LL, Bjerregaard AA, Halldorsson TI, Olsen SF, Hansen B, Stayner LT, Kolstad HA, Sigsgaard T, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs and timing of puberty in sons and daughters: A nationwide cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 254:114271. [PMID: 37820420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) can be formed by endogenous reactions between nitrosatable drugs and nitrite. Animal studies have found that several NOCs are teratogenic, and epidemiological studies report associations between prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs and adverse birth outcomes. It is unknown whether prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs is harmful to the child's reproductive health, including pubertal development. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs was associated with timing of puberty and whether nitrate, nitrite and antioxidant intake modified any association. METHODS The population-based Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) Puberty Cohort, which includes 15,819 children, was used to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs and timing of puberty. Around gestational week 11 and gestational week 18, mothers provided information about drug use during pregnancy. The children's self-reported information on onset of pubertal milestones was collected every six months from 11 years of age and throughout puberty. To investigate potential effect modification by nitrite, nitrate and antioxidant intake, information on these factors was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire completed by the mothers in gestational week 25, and information on nitrate concentration in maternal drinking water at her residential address was obtained from monitoring data from public waterworks. Data were analysed using a multivariable regression model for interval-censored data estimating difference in months in timing of puberty between exposure groups. RESULTS A total of 2,715 children were prenatally exposed to nitrosatable drugs. We did not find an association between prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs and timing of puberty. This finding was supported by null-findings in the following sub-analyses investigating: 1. subtypes of nitrosatable drugs (secondary and tertiary amines and amides), 2. dose-dependency (duration of drug intake), 3. effect modification by maternal intake of nitrate, nitrite, and antioxidants. 4. confounding by indication. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs was not associated with timing of puberty. Nitrosatable drugs are commonly used drugs in pregnancy, and further research is needed to allow firm conclusions on the potential effect of prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs on the child's reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nis Brix
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jörg Schullehner
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Ernst
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Iceland
| | - Sjurdur Frodi Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Leslie Thomas Stayner
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, United States
| | - Henrik Albert Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Cirrau -Centre for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Clemmensen PJ, Schullehner J, Brix N, Sigsgaard T, Stayner LT, Kolstad HA, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Prenatal Exposure to Nitrate in Drinking Water and Adverse Health Outcomes in the Offspring: a Review of Current Epidemiological Research. Curr Environ Health Rep 2023; 10:250-263. [PMID: 37453984 PMCID: PMC10504112 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recently, several epidemiological studies have investigated whether prenatal exposure to nitrate from drinking water may be harmful to the fetus, even at nitrate levels below the current World Health Organization drinking water standard. The purpose of this review was to give an overview of the newest knowledge on potential health effects of prenatal exposure to nitrate. RECENT FINDINGS We included 13 epidemiological studies conducted since 2017. Nine studies investigated outcomes appearing around birth, and four studies investigated health outcomes appearing in childhood and young adulthood. The reviewed studies showed some indications of higher risk of preterm delivery, lower birth weight, birth defects, and childhood cancer related to prenatal exposure to nitrate. However, the numbers of studies for each outcome were sparse, and some of the results were conflicting. We suggest that there is a need for additional studies and particularly for studies that include information on water consumption patterns, intake of nitrate from diet, and intake of nitrosatable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg Schullehner
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nis Brix
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Cirrau - Centre for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leslie Thomas Stayner
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Henrik Albert Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Lal K, Jaywant SA, Arif KM. Electrochemical and Optical Sensors for Real-Time Detection of Nitrate in Water. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7099. [PMID: 37631636 PMCID: PMC10457996 DOI: 10.3390/s23167099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The health and integrity of our water sources are vital for the existence of all forms of life. However, with the growth in population and anthropogenic activities, the quality of water is being impacted globally, particularly due to a widespread problem of nitrate contamination that poses numerous health risks. To address this issue, investigations into various detection methods for the development of in situ real-time monitoring devices have attracted the attention of many researchers. Among the most prominent detection methods are chromatography, colorimetry, electrochemistry, and spectroscopy. While all these methods have their pros and cons, electrochemical and optical methods have emerged as robust and efficient techniques that offer cost-effective, accurate, sensitive, and reliable measurements. This review provides an overview of techniques that are ideal for field-deployable nitrate sensing applications, with an emphasis on electrochemical and optical detection methods. It discusses the underlying principles, recent advances, and various measurement techniques. Additionally, the review explores the current developments in real-time nitrate sensors and discusses the challenges of real-time implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Khalid Mahmood Arif
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, SF&AT, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (K.L.); (S.A.J.)
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Pogăcean F, Varodi C, Măgeruşan L, Pruneanu S. Highly Sensitive Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Nitrite Assay in Waters. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091468. [PMID: 37177012 PMCID: PMC10179868 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The importance of nitrite ions has long been recognized due to their extensive use in environmental chemistry and public health. The growing use of nitrogen fertilizers and additives containing nitrite in processed food items has increased exposure and, as a result, generated concerns about potential harmful health consequences. This work presents the development of an electrochemical sensor based on graphene/glassy carbon electrode (EGr/GC) with applicability in trace level detection of nitrite in water samples. According to the structural characterization of the exfoliated material, it appears as a mixture of graphene oxide (GO; 21.53%), few-layers graphene (FLG; 73.25%) and multi-layers graphene (MLG; 5.22%) and exhibits remarkable enhanced sensing response towards nitrite compared to the bare electrode (three orders of magnitude higher). The EGr/GC sensor demonstrated a linear range between 3 × 10-7 and 10-3 M for square wave voltammetry (SWV) and between 3 × 10-7 and 4 × 10-4 M for amperometry (AMP), with a low limit of detection LOD (9.9 × 10-8 M). Excellent operational stability, repeatability and interference-capability were displayed by the modified electrode. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the sensor was tested in commercially available waters with excellent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina Pogăcean
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Codruţa Varodi
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lidia Măgeruşan
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stela Pruneanu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Sirirungreung A, Hansen J, He D, Huang X, Ritz B, Heck JE. Exposure to nitrosatable drugs during pregnancy and childhood cancer: A matched case-control study in Denmark, 1996-2016. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2023; 32:496-505. [PMID: 36300575 PMCID: PMC10038857 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrosatable drugs can be synthesized to N-nitroso compounds in human stomach. In a pregnant woman, N-nitroso compounds can be translocated to the fetus through the placenta. Maternal exposure of nitrosatable compounds during pregnancy has been associated with childhood brain tumors and leukemia. However, few studies have investigated an association between nitrosatable drug exposure during pregnancy and childhood cancer. We examined if maternal prescriptions of nitrosatable drugs received during pregnancy are associated with childhood cancer. METHODS A matched case-control study was conducted using Danish nationwide registry data from 1995 to 2016. Each childhood cancer case was matched with twenty-five controls. Maternal exposure of nitrosatable drugs during pregnancy was identified from the Danish National Prescription Register. A multivariable conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (adj.OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each childhood cancer type. RESULTS Maternal prescriptions of nitrosatable drugs positively associate with central nervous system tumors (adj.OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.04-1.51) and neuroblastoma (adj.OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.34-2.85) in offspring. We also observed a positive association between perinatal exposure of nitrosatable drugs and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (adj.OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.07-1.59), however, it appeared to be due to confounding by indication, i.e., maternal infections. CONCLUSION Nitrosatable drug use during pregnancy potentially increased risk of central nervous system tumors and neuroblastoma. While a positive association between maternal prescriptions of nitrosatable drugs and acute lymphoblastic leukemia should be interpreted cautiously because of confounding by indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupong Sirirungreung
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Di He
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiwen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julia E Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- College of Health and Public Service, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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Anindya W, Wahyuni WT, Rafi M, Putra BR. Electrochemical Sensor Based on Graphene Oxide/PEDOT:PSS Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Environmental Nitrite Detection. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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9
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Jul Clemmensen P, Brix N, Schullehner J, Lunddorf LLH, Ernst A, Ebdrup NH, Bjerregaard AA, Hansen B, Thomas Stayner L, Ingi Halldorsson T, Frodi Olsen S, Sigsgaard T, Kolstad HA, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Prenatal nitrate exposure from diet and drinking water and timing of puberty in sons and daughters: A nationwide cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107659. [PMID: 36651653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Western countries, age at pubertal development has declined during the last century in girls, and probably also in boys. No studies have investigated whether nitrate, a widespread environmental exposure with teratogenic and hormone disrupting properties, might affect timing of puberty. OBJECTIVES We investigated if prenatal exposure to nitrate from drinking water and diet was associated with timing of puberty. METHODS This cohort study included 15,819 children born from 2000 to 2003 within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Self-reported information on current status of various pubertal milestones was provided every six months by a questionnaire from 11 years of age until 18 years or full maturity, whichever came first. Maternal nitrate intake from diet (mg/day) was derived from a mid-pregnancy food frequency questionnaire and individual level nitrate exposure from drinking water (mg/L) was derived using measurements from Danish public waterworks. Adjusted average differences in months in age at attaining several pubertal milestones as well as the average age difference in age at attaining all the milestones were estimated separately for diet and water using a regression model for interval-censored data. C- and E-vitamin, red meat and processed meat intake were explored as potential effect modifiers in sub-analyses. RESULTS No strong associations were observed between prenatal exposure to nitrate and timing of puberty in children. However, sons born of mothers with a nitrate concentration in drinking water at their residential address of > 25 mg/L (half of the World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline value) compared with ≤ 1 mg/L showed a tendency towards earlier age at pubertal development with an average age difference of -1.2 months (95 % confidence interval,-3.0;0.6) for all the pubertal milestones combined. DISCUSSION Studies including more highly exposed children are needed before the current WHO drinking water guideline value for nitrate can be considered safe concerning pubertal development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nis Brix
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jörg Schullehner
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Andreas Ernst
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ninna Hinchely Ebdrup
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Fertility Clinic, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Center for Fetal Programming, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Leslie Thomas Stayner
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, United States
| | - Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Center for Fetal Programming, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Iceland
| | - Sjurdur Frodi Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Center for Fetal Programming, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Cirrau -Centre for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Albert Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Ebdrup NH, Schullehner J, Knudsen UB, Liew Z, Thomsen AML, Lyngsø J, Bay B, Arendt LH, Clemmensen PJ, Sigsgaard T, Hansen B, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Drinking water nitrate and risk of pregnancy loss: a nationwide cohort study. Environ Health 2022; 21:87. [PMID: 36114546 PMCID: PMC9479399 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrate contamination is seen in drinking water worldwide. Nitrate may pass the placental barrier. Despite suggestive evidence of fetal harm, the potential association between nitrate exposure from drinking water and pregnancy loss remains to be studied. We aimed to investigate if nitrate in drinking water was associated with the risk of pregnancy loss. METHODS We conducted a nationwide cohort study of 100,410 pregnancies (enrolled around gestational week 11) in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) during 1996-2002. Spontaneous pregnancy losses before gestational week 22 were ascertained from the Danish National Patient Registry and DNBC pregnancy interviews. Using the national drinking water quality-monitoring database Jupiter, we estimated the individual and time-specific nitrate exposure by linking geocoded maternal residential addresses with water supply areas. The nitrate exposure was analyzed in spline models using a log-transformed continuous level or classified into five categories. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate associations between nitrate and pregnancy loss and used gestational age (days) as the time scale, adjusting for demographic, health, and lifestyle variables. RESULTS No consistent associations were found when investigating the exposure as a categorical variable and null findings were also found in trimester specific analyses. In the spline model using the continuous exposure variable, a modestly increased hazard of pregnancy loss was observed for the first trimester at nitrate exposures between 1 and 10 mg/L, with the highest. adjusted hazard ratio at 5 mg/L of nitrate of 1.16 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.34). This trend was attenuated in the higher exposure ranges. CONCLUSION No association was seen between drinking water nitrate and the risk of pregnancy loss when investigating the exposure as a categorical variable. When we modelled the exposure as a continuous variable, a dose-dependent association was found between drinking water nitrate exposure in the first trimester and the risk of pregnancy loss. Very early pregnancy losses were not considered in this study, and whether survival bias influenced the results should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninna Hinchely Ebdrup
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Horsens Fertility Clinic, Horsens, Denmark.
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jörg Schullehner
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulla Breth Knudsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Horsens Fertility Clinic, Horsens, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zeyan Liew
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anne Marie Ladehoff Thomsen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DEFACTUM - Public Health & Health Services Research, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julie Lyngsø
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Bay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Horsens Fertility Clinic, Horsens, Denmark
- Maigaard Fertility Clinic, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Linn Håkonsen Arendt
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Coker SJ, Smith-Díaz CC, Dyson RM, Vissers MCM, Berry MJ. The Epigenetic Role of Vitamin C in Neurodevelopment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031208. [PMID: 35163133 PMCID: PMC8836017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The maternal diet during pregnancy is a key determinant of offspring health. Early studies have linked poor maternal nutrition during gestation with a propensity for the development of chronic conditions in offspring. These conditions include cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and even compromised mental health. While multiple factors may contribute to these outcomes, disturbed epigenetic programming during early development is one potential biological mechanism. The epigenome is programmed primarily in utero, and during this time, the developing fetus is highly susceptible to environmental factors such as nutritional insults. During neurodevelopment, epigenetic programming coordinates the formation of primitive central nervous system structures, neurogenesis, and neuroplasticity. Dysregulated epigenetic programming has been implicated in the aetiology of several neurodevelopmental disorders such as Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome. Accordingly, there is great interest in determining how maternal nutrient availability in pregnancy might affect the epigenetic status of offspring, and how such influences may present phenotypically. In recent years, a number of epigenetic enzymes that are active during embryonic development have been found to require vitamin C as a cofactor. These enzymes include the ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases (TETs) and the Jumonji C domain-containing histone lysine demethylases that catalyse the oxidative removal of methyl groups on cytosines and histone lysine residues, respectively. These enzymes are integral to epigenetic regulation and have fundamental roles in cellular differentiation, the maintenance of pluripotency and development. The dependence of these enzymes on vitamin C for optimal catalytic activity illustrates a potentially critical contribution of the nutrient during mammalian development. These insights also highlight a potential risk associated with vitamin C insufficiency during pregnancy. The link between vitamin C insufficiency and development is particularly apparent in the context of neurodevelopment and high vitamin C concentrations in the brain are indicative of important functional requirements in this organ. Accordingly, this review considers the evidence for the potential impact of maternal vitamin C status on neurodevelopmental epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharna J. Coker
- Perinatal & Developmental Physiology Group, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand; (S.J.C.); (R.M.D.)
| | - Carlos C. Smith-Díaz
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
| | - Rebecca M. Dyson
- Perinatal & Developmental Physiology Group, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand; (S.J.C.); (R.M.D.)
| | - Margreet C. M. Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: (M.C.M.V.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Mary J. Berry
- Perinatal & Developmental Physiology Group, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand; (S.J.C.); (R.M.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.M.V.); (M.J.B.)
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12
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Thomsen AML, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Schullehner J, Ebdrup NH, Liew Z, Coffman V, Stayner L, Hansen B, Olsen J. Prenatal nitrosatable prescription drug intake, drinking water nitrate, and the risk of stillbirth: a register- and population-based cohort of Danish pregnancies, 1997-2017. Environ Health 2021; 20:118. [PMID: 34781958 PMCID: PMC8594235 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrosatable drugs commonly prescribed during pregnancy can react with nitrite to form N-nitroso compounds which have been associated with an increased risk of stillbirth. Whether maternal residential drinking water nitrate modifies this association is unknown. We investigated, if household drinking water nitrate was associated with stillbirth, and if it modified the association between nitrosatable prescription drug intake and the risk of stillbirth. METHODS We conducted an individual-level register- and population-based cohort study using 652,810 women with the first recorded singleton pregnancy in the Danish Medical Birth Registry between 1997 and 2017. Nitrosatable drug exposure was recorded by use of the Danish National Patient Registry defined as women with a first redeemed prescription of a nitrosatable drug the first 22 weeks of pregnancy. The reference group was women with no redeemed prescription of a nitrosatable drug in this period. The average individual drinking water nitrate concentration level (mg/L) was calculated in the same period. We categorized nitrosatable drugs as secondary amines, tertiary amines, and amides. Cox hazard regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for stillbirth stratified into five categories of nitrate concentrations: ≤1 mg/L, > 1- ≤ 2 mg/L, > 2- ≤ 5 mg/L, > 5- ≤ 25 mg/L, and > 25 mg/L. RESULTS Drinking water nitrate exposure in the population was not associated with the risk of stillbirth. Among 100,244 women who had a nitrosatable prescription drug redeemed ≤22 weeks of pregnancy of pregnancy, 418 (0.42%) had a stillbirth compared to 1993 stillbirths (0.36%) among 552,566 referent women. Women with any nitrosatable prescription drug intake and > 1- ≤ 2 mg/L nitrate concentration had an increased risk of stillbirth [adjusted hazard ratio 1.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.15-2.09)] compared with referent women. In the stratified analyses, the highest risk of stillbirth was found among women with secondary amine intake and > 25 mg/L nitrate concentrations [adjusted hazard ratio 3.11 (95% CI, 1.08-8.94)]. CONCLUSIONS The association between nitrosatable prescription drug intake and the risk of stillbirth may depend on the level of nitrate in household drinking water. Evaluations of the effect of nitrosatable drug intake on perinatal outcomes might consider nitrate exposure from drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Ladehoff Thomsen
- DEFACTUM, Public Health & Health Services Research, Central Denmark Region, Olof Palmes Allé 15, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | - Jörg Schullehner
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Groundwater and Quaternary Geology Mapping, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Research-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Zeyan Liew
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Vanessa Coffman
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leslie Stayner
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Birgitte Hansen
- Department of Groundwater and Quaternary Geology Mapping, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Salhi O, Ez‐zine T, El Rhazi M. Hybrid Materials Based on Conducting Polymers for Nitrite Sensing: A Mini Review. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ouissal Salhi
- Laboratory of Materials Membranes and Environment Morocco Faculty of Sciences and Technologies University Hassan II Casablanca P.B. 146 Mohammedia 20800 Morocco
| | - Tarik Ez‐zine
- Laboratory of Materials Membranes and Environment Morocco Faculty of Sciences and Technologies University Hassan II Casablanca P.B. 146 Mohammedia 20800 Morocco
| | - Mama El Rhazi
- Laboratory of Materials Membranes and Environment Morocco Faculty of Sciences and Technologies University Hassan II Casablanca P.B. 146 Mohammedia 20800 Morocco
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14
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Tveden-Nyborg P. Vitamin C Deficiency in the Young Brain-Findings from Experimental Animal Models. Nutrients 2021; 13:1685. [PMID: 34063417 PMCID: PMC8156420 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe and long-term vitamin C deficiency can lead to fatal scurvy, which is fortunately considered rare today. However, a moderate state of vitamin C (vitC) deficiency (hypovitaminosis C)-defined as a plasma concentration below 23 μM-is estimated to affect up to 10% of the population in the Western world, albeit clinical hallmarks in addition to scurvy have not been linked to vitC deficiency. The brain maintains a high vitC content and uniquely high levels during deficiency, supporting vitC's importance in the brain. Actions include both antioxidant and co-factor functions, rendering vitamin C deficiency likely to affect several targets in the brain, and it could be particularly significant during development where a high cellular metabolism and an immature antioxidant system might increase sensitivity. However, investigations of a non-scorbutic state of vitC deficiency and effects on the developing young brain are scarce. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the complex mechanisms that regulate vitC homeostasis in vivo and in the brain in particular. Functions of vitC in the brain and the potential consequences of deficiency during brain development are highlighted, based primarily on findings from experimental animal models. Perspectives for future investigations of vitC are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Section of Experimental Animal Models, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Wahbeh F, Manyama M. The role of Vitamin B12 and genetic risk factors in the etiology of neural tube defects: A systematic review. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:386-406. [PMID: 33851436 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are birth defects that arise during embryogenesis when normal neural tube closure fails to occur. According to the World Health Organization, NTDs are detected annually in approximately 300,000 neonates worldwide. The exact etiology of NTDs remains complex and poorly understood. It is generally agreed that most NTD cases are of multifactorial origin, having a combination of multiple genes and a number of environmental risk factors. The role of folic acid, vitamin B12 deficiency, genetics and other risk factors, in the etiology of NTDs, has also been extensively studied. This knowledge synthesis brings together different types of evidence to update the role of vitamin B12 deficiency, genetics and other risk factors, in the etiology of NTDs. Following a PubMed search and screening for relevant articles, we included 40 studies in our review (30 case-control studies, 3 cross-sectional studies, 5 cohort studies, and 2 case reports). The available data showed that vitamin B12 levels were decreased in mothers and infants in NTD groups compared with control groups. Holo-transcobalamin, the active form of vitamin B12, was also found in lower levels in mothers with NTD-affected infants. Several studies reported elevated homocysteine levels in mothers and infants in NTD groups. Additionally, numerous studies reported links between genetic variants and increased NTD risk. These genes include GIF, LRP2, CUBN, TCb1R, MTHFR, and others. Several maternal factors have also been linked with significant NTD risk such as BMI, maternal diet, air pollutants, low maternal age, and many others. The majority of studies on NTDs have focused on the role of folic acid, hence there is a need for well-designed studies on the role of other risk factors like vitamin B12 deficiency in the etiology of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Wahbeh
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mange Manyama
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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16
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Mattila M, Niinistö S, Takkinen HM, Tapanainen H, Reinivuo H, Åkerlund M, Suomi J, Ahonen S, Ilonen J, Toppari J, Knip M, Veijola R, Virtanen SM. Maternal Nitrate and Nitrite Intakes during Pregnancy and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes: The DIPP Cohort Study. J Nutr 2020; 150:2969-2976. [PMID: 32856042 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High dietary intake of nitrate and nitrite might increase the risk of type 1 diabetes. To our knowledge, no earlier prospective study has explored whether maternal dietary intake of nitrate and nitrite during pregnancy is associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to study association between maternal intake of nitrate and nitrite during pregnancy and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in the offspring. DESIGN Children born between 1997 and 2004 at Oulu and Tampere University Hospitals in Finland and carrying increased human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-conferred risk for type 1 diabetes were followed in the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study from 3 mo of age. Islet autoantibodies were screened at 3- to 12-mo intervals from serum samples. Of 4879 children, 312 developed islet autoimmunity and 178 developed type 1 diabetes during a 15-y follow-up. Maternal intake of nitrate and nitrite during the eighth month of pregnancy was assessed after birth using a validated self-administered FFQ. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS Maternal intake of nitrate and nitrite during pregnancy was not associated with the child's risk of islet autoimmunity [nitrate: HR 0.99 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.11); nitrite: HR 1.03 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.15)] or type 1 diabetes [nitrate: HR 1.02 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.17); nitrite: HR 0.97 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.12)] when adjusted for energy (residual method), sex, HLA risk group, and family history of diabetes. Further adjustment for dietary antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium) did not change the results. CONCLUSION Maternal dietary intake of nitrate or nitrite during pregnancy is not associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in the offspring genetically at risk for type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mattila
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Niinistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna-Mari Takkinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Tapanainen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Reinivuo
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Åkerlund
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Suomi
- Risk Assessment Unit, Research and Laboratory Department, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Ahonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,The Clinical and Metabolic Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Tian Y, Du H, Wang L, Li S, Zhang L, Zhang L. Nitrite Scavenging and Inhibition of N-Nitrosamines Formation by Phenolic Extracts From Diospyros lotus L. Leaves and Active Ingredients. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20961186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diospyros lotus L. leaves are used as a functional tea and folk medicine in several Asian countries. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of phenolic extracts of the leaves on scavenging nitrite and inhibiting N-nitrosamines (NAs) formation and to determine the active ingredients responsible for these effects. Of the 7 fractions (Fr1-Fr7) prepared from the extract of D. lotus leaves, Fr5 contained the highest phenolic content and exhibited the strongest activity. Five active ingredients of Fr5 were discovered, and 4 of them were identified as myricitrin (Mytr), myricetin (Myt), myricetin-3- O-β-d-glucoside (Myt-Glc), and myricetin-3- O-β-d-galactoside (Myt-Gal). The content of Mytr was much higher than those of the other 3 ingredients, both in Fr5 and extracts of D. lotus leaves. Finally, Mytr and Myt were proved to have stronger activities by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenyl hydrazine scavenging, nitrite scavenging, and inhibition of NAs formation assays. These results indicated that Mytr was the main active ingredient of D. lotus leaves. Myt, Mytr, and Fr5 from the leaves could be used as natural agents for antioxidant, nitrite scavenging, and inhibition of NAs formation in food and the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanHua Tian
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
- Department of Food Engineering, Shanxi Pharmaceutical Vocational College, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - HuiZhi Du
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - ShiFei Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - LiWei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
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18
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Louden AR, Suhl J, Kancherla V, Caspers Conway KM, Makelarski J, Howley MM, Hoyt AT, Olney RS, Olshan AF, Romitti PA. Association between maternal periconceptional alcohol consumption and neural tube defects: Findings from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:427-439. [PMID: 32104984 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTD)s are common birth defects with a multifactorial etiology. Findings from human studies examining environmental (non-inherited) exposures tend to be inconclusive. In particular, although animal studies of alcohol exposure and NTDs support its teratogenic potential, human studies are equivocal. Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), associations between maternal periconceptional (1 month before through 1 month after conception) alcohol consumption and NTDs in offspring were examined. METHODS NTD cases and unaffected live born singleton controls with expected dates of delivery from October 1997-December 2011 were enrolled in the NBDPS. Interview reports of alcohol consumption (quantity, frequency, variability, type) from 1,922 case and 11,251 control mothers were analyzed. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR)s and 95% confidence intervals (CI)s for alcohol consumption and all NTDs combined and selected subtypes (spina bifida, anencephaly, encephalocele) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Among mothers in the NBDPS, 28% of NTD case and 35% of control mothers reported any periconceptional alcohol consumption. For each measure of alcohol consumption, inverse associations were observed for all NTDs combined (aORs = 0.6-1.0). Results for NTD subtypes tended to be similar, but CIs for spina bifida and encephalocele were more likely to include the null. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a lack of positive associations between maternal periconceptional alcohol consumption and NTDs. Future studies should continue to evaluate the association between maternal alcohol consumption and NTDs in offspring accounting for methodological limitations such as potential misclassification from self-reported alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adia R Louden
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jonathan Suhl
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Vijaya Kancherla
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Jennifer Makelarski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Meredith M Howley
- Congenital Malformations Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Adrienne T Hoyt
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard S Olney
- Genetic Disease Screening Program, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul A Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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19
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Thomsen AML, Liew Z, Riis AH, Stayner LT, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Sigsgaard T, Olsen J. Nitrosatable drug exposure during pregnancy and risk of stillbirth. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2019; 28:1204-1210. [PMID: 31348585 DOI: 10.1002/pds.4867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nitrosatable drugs can react with nitrite in the stomach and form N-nitroso compounds. Exposure to nitrosatable drugs has been associated with congenital malformations and preterm birth, but use during pregnancy as a cause of fetal death is not well-known. We examined if prenatally nitrosatable drug use is associated with risk of stillbirth. METHODS A nationwide cohort was conducted using 554 844 women with singleton and first recorded pregnancies regardless of previous pregnancy history from the Danish Medical Birth Register from 1996 to 2015. Exposure was recorded by use of the Danish National Prescription Register and defined as women who had redeemed a prescribed nitrosatable drug in the first 22 weeks of pregnancy. The reference group was women with no redeemed prescribed nitrosatable drug in this time period. We categorized nitrosatable drugs as secondary amines, tertiary amines, and amides. Cox hazard regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for stillbirth. RESULTS Among the 84 720 exposed women, 348 had a stillbirth compared with 1690 stillbirths among the 470 124 unexposed women. Women who used any prescribed nitrosatable drug were more likely to have a stillbirth compared with unexposed women (aHRs 1.24; 95% CI, 1.03-1.49). CONCLUSION Nitrosatable drug use during the first 22 weeks of pregnancy might increase risk of stillbirth. The findings should be interpreted cautiously because of important unmeasured factors that might influence the observed association, including maternal vitamin C intake, dietary, and other sources of nitrate/nitrite intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie L Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zeyan Liew
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Leslie Thomas Stayner
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation, and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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20
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Ward MH, Jones RR, Brender JD, de Kok TM, Weyer PJ, Nolan BT, Villanueva CM, van Breda SG. Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1557. [PMID: 30041450 PMCID: PMC6068531 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate levels in our water resources have increased in many areas of the world largely due to applications of inorganic fertilizer and animal manure in agricultural areas. The regulatory limit for nitrate in public drinking water supplies was set to protect against infant methemoglobinemia, but other health effects were not considered. Risk of specific cancers and birth defects may be increased when nitrate is ingested under conditions that increase formation of N-nitroso compounds. We previously reviewed epidemiologic studies before 2005 of nitrate intake from drinking water and cancer, adverse reproductive outcomes and other health effects. Since that review, more than 30 epidemiologic studies have evaluated drinking water nitrate and these outcomes. The most common endpoints studied were colorectal cancer, bladder, and breast cancer (three studies each), and thyroid disease (four studies). Considering all studies, the strongest evidence for a relationship between drinking water nitrate ingestion and adverse health outcomes (besides methemoglobinemia) is for colorectal cancer, thyroid disease, and neural tube defects. Many studies observed increased risk with ingestion of water nitrate levels that were below regulatory limits. Future studies of these and other health outcomes should include improved exposure assessment and accurate characterization of individual factors that affect endogenous nitrosation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr. Room 6E138, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr. Room 6E138, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Jean D Brender
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M University, School of Public Health, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter J Weyer
- The Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, The University of Iowa, 455 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Bernard T Nolan
- U.S. Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, National Water Quality Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192, USA.
| | - Cristina M Villanueva
- ISGlobal, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Simone G van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Basak AK, Chatterjee T, Ghosh SK, Chakravarty A. Impacts of dietary exposure to sodium or potassium salts of nitrate and nitrite on the development of Drosophila melanogaster. Interdiscip Toxicol 2017; 10:70-78. [PMID: 30123041 PMCID: PMC6096860 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2017-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of four food additives, namely sodium nitrite (NaNO2), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), potassium nitrite (KNO2), and potassium nitrate (KNO3), on animal development were evaluated by using Drosophila melanogster, a model organism. Adult male and female flies were allowed to breed in culture medium, each containing one of 4 concentrations, i.e.10, 20, 30 or 40 mM of the above mentioned salts. The concentration of 40 mM, NaNO2 and KNO2 completely arrested the development of the flies. Of the different concentrations of the four salts tested, exposure of flies to 30 mM NaNO2 exhibited only significant delays in the initial appearances of third instar larvae, pupae and young adults, along with huge reduction in the number of pupae and young adults compared to controls. Rearrangements like inversions, deletion looping, regional shrinking, as well as highly enlarged puffing, etc. were also observed in the polytene chromosomes of the third instar larvae exposed to 30 mM NaNO2. Developmental outcomes of the flies exposed to varying concentrations of NaNO3 and KNO3 did not differ significantly from the controls. Owing to the extensive genetic homology between Drosophila and human and the successful uses of this fly as models in developmental and toxicological studies, we speculate that the experimental results exhibited by this organism in our study strongly advocate for abstaining from the dietary use of NaNO2 and KNO2 during human pregnancies to avoid possible negative developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim Kumar Basak
- Dept. of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, 30 Thakurhat Road, Kolkata-700128, West Bengal, India
| | - Tridip Chatterjee
- Dept. of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, 30 Thakurhat Road, Kolkata-700128, West Bengal, India
- Dept. of Human Genetics, Institute of Genetic Medicine and Genomic Science, 30A Thakurhat Road, Kolkata-700128, West Bengal, India
| | - Swapan Kumar Ghosh
- Molecular Mycopathology Lab, Department of Botany, R K Mission VC College, Rahara, Kolkata 700118, India
| | - Amit Chakravarty
- Dept. of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, 30 Thakurhat Road, Kolkata-700128, West Bengal, India
- Dept. of Human Genetics, Institute of Genetic Medicine and Genomic Science, 30A Thakurhat Road, Kolkata-700128, West Bengal, India
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Vuong AM, Shinde MU, Brender JD, Shipp EM, Huber JC, Sharkey JR, McDonald TJ, Werler MM, Kelley KE, Griesenbeck JS, Langlois PH, Canfield MA. Prenatal Exposure to Nitrosatable Drugs, Dietary Intake of Nitrites, and Preterm Birth. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183:634-42. [PMID: 26953287 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs, including secondary or tertiary amines, has been associated with preterm birth. Associations may be accentuated by higher intakes of dietary nitrites because of the increased formation of N-nitroso compounds. Using data from mothers of babies without major birth defects (controls) from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, we examined the relationship between nitrosatable drug exposure in conjunction with dietary nitrite intake and preterm birth among 496 mothers of preterm infants and 5,398 mothers with full-term deliveries in 1997-2005. A protective association was observed with a high intake of plant nitrites (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53, 0.97). Secondary amines in conjunction with high nitrite intake were associated with preterm birth during the first (AHR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.98), second (AHR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.07), and third (AHR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.22, 3.29) trimesters. The adjusted hazard ratios for tertiary amine use in the third trimester by increasing tertiles of nitrite intake were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.35, 1.31), 1.25 (95% CI: 0.71, 2.19), and 2.02 (95% CI: 1.17, 3.49). Prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs, particularly secondary and tertiary amines, in conjunction with higher levels of dietary nitrite intake may increase the risk of preterm birth.
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Camarena V, Wang G. The epigenetic role of vitamin C in health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1645-58. [PMID: 26846695 PMCID: PMC4805483 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have uncovered a previously unknown function of vitamin C in epigenetic regulation. Vitamin C exists predominantly as an ascorbate anion under physiological pH conditions. Ascorbate was discovered as a cofactor for methylcytosine dioxygenases that are responsible for DNA demethylation, and also as a likely cofactor for some JmjC domain-containing histone demethylases that catalyze histone demethylation. Variation in ascorbate bioavailability thus can influence the demethylation of both DNA and histone, further leading to different phenotypic presentations. Ascorbate deficiency can be presented systematically, spatially and temporally in different tissues at the different stages of development and aging. Here, we review how ascorbate deficiency could potentially be involved in embryonic and postnatal development, and plays a role in various diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer through epigenetic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Camarena
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, Rm. 608, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, Rm. 608, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Benedum CM, Yazdy MM, Mitchell AA, Werler MM. Impact of Periconceptional Use of Nitrosatable Drugs on the Risk of Neural Tube Defects. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 182:675-84. [PMID: 26424074 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrosatable drugs (NSDs) can, in the presence of nitrosating agents and highly acidic conditions, form N-nitroso compounds that have been found to be teratogenic in animal models. Using data from the Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study collected from 1998 to 2012, we compared maternal periconceptional NSD use between 334 neural tube defect cases and 7,619 nonmalformed controls. We categorized NSDs according to their functional group (secondary amine, tertiary amine, and amide). With logistic regression models, we estimated adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Neural tube defect risk was associated with maternal periconceptional use of secondary (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 2.4) and tertiary (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.5) amines; an association was observed for amides, but the 95% confidence interval included the null (aOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 0.7, 2.5). Within the secondary amine group, elevated adjusted odds ratios were observed for 3 drugs but were null for the remaining medications. Increases in risk were observed for both strata of folic acid intake (<400 µg/day, ≥400 µg/day), with a slightly higher risk in the ≥400-µg/day stratum. Our findings support previously reported positive associations between neural tube defects and periconceptional exposure to NSDs containing a secondary or tertiary amine or amide.
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Tai CG, Graff RE, Liu J, Passarelli MN, Mefford JA, Shaw GM, Hoffmann TJ, Witte JS. Detecting gene-environment interactions in human birth defects: Study designs and statistical methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 103:692-702. [PMID: 26010994 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) contains a wealth of information on affected and unaffected family triads, and thus provides numerous opportunities to study gene-environment interactions (G×E) in the etiology of birth defect outcomes. Depending on the research objective, several analytic options exist to estimate G×E effects that use varying combinations of individuals drawn from available triads. METHODS In this study, we discuss important considerations in the collection of genetic data and environmental exposures. RESULTS We will also present several population- and family-based approaches that can be applied to data from the NBDPS including case-control, case-only, family-based trio, and maternal versus fetal effects. For each, we describe the data requirements, applicable statistical methods, advantages, and disadvantages. CONCLUSION A range of approaches can be used to evaluate potentially important G×E effects in the NBDPS. Investigators should be aware of the limitations inherent to each approach when choosing a study design and interpreting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline G Tai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael N Passarelli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joel A Mefford
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that ascorbate, the dominant form of vitamin C under physiological pH conditions, influences activity of the genome via regulating epigenomic processes. Ascorbate serves as a cofactor for Ten-eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenases that catalyze the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), and further to 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and to 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), which are ultimately replaced by unmodified cytosine. The Jumonji C (JmjC)-domain-containing histone demethylases also require ascorbate as a cofactor for histone demethylation. Thus, by primarily participating in the demethylation of both DNA and histones, ascorbate appears to be a mediator of the interface between the genome and environment. Furthermore, redox status has a profound impact on the bioavailability of ascorbate in the nucleus. In order to bridge the gap between redox biology and genomics, we suggest an interdisciplinary research field that can be termed redox genomics to study dynamic redox processes in health and diseases. This review examines the evidence and potential molecular mechanism of ascorbate in the demethylation of the genome, and it highlights potential epigenetic roles of ascorbate in various diseases.
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Vuong AM, Shinde MU, Brender JD, Shipp EM, Huber JC, Zheng Q, McDonald TJ, Sharkey JR, Hoyt AT, Werler MM, Kelley KE, Langlois PH, Canfield MA. Nitrosatable Drug Exposure during Pregnancy and Preterm and Small-for-Gestational-Age Births. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2015; 29:60-71. [PMID: 25492517 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrosatable drugs react with nitrite in the stomach to form N-nitroso compounds, observed in animal models to result in adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as birth defects and reduced fetal weight. Previous studies examining prenatal exposure to medications classified as nitrosatable have reported an increased risk of preterm births (PTBs) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. METHODS Using data from mothers (controls) of babies without major birth defects from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, prenatal nitrosatable drug usage by trimester and month of gestation was examined in relation to PTBs and SGA infants. RESULTS Positive associations were observed with nitrosatable drug use and PTBs, with the strongest relationship with second trimester exposure (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.37, [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10, 1.70]). Of the nitrosatable functional groups, secondary amines were the most notable, with a higher association among women with second (aHR 1.37, [95% CI 1.05, 1.79]) and third (aHR 1.34, [95% CI 1.02, 1.76]) trimester exposure compared with women with no prenatal nitrosatable drug use. Among SGA infants, a borderline association was noted with amide exposure during the third trimester (adjusted odds ratio 1.43 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00, 2.05]). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, particularly secondary amines, might increase the risk of PTBs. However, prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs was not associated with SGA infants, with the exception of amide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Vuong
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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Habermeyer M, Roth A, Guth S, Diel P, Engel KH, Epe B, Fürst P, Heinz V, Humpf HU, Joost HG, Knorr D, de Kok T, Kulling S, Lampen A, Marko D, Rechkemmer G, Rietjens I, Stadler RH, Vieths S, Vogel R, Steinberg P, Eisenbrand G. Nitrate and nitrite in the diet: how to assess their benefit and risk for human health. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 59:106-28. [PMID: 25164923 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate is a natural constituent of the human diet and an approved food additive. It can be partially converted to nitrogen monoxide, which induces vasodilation and thereby decreases blood pressure. This effect is associated with a reduced risk regarding cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Moreover, dietary nitrate has been associated with beneficial effects in patients with gastric ulcer, renal failure, or metabolic syndrome. Recent studies indicate that such beneficial health effects due to dietary nitrate may be achievable at intake levels resulting from the daily consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables. N-nitroso compounds are endogenously formed in humans. However, their relevance for human health has not been adequately explored up to now. Nitrate and nitrite are per se not carcinogenic, but under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation, it cannot be excluded that ingested nitrate and nitrite may lead to an increased cancer risk and may probably be carcinogenic to humans. In this review, the known beneficial and detrimental health effects related to dietary nitrate/nitrite intake are described and the identified gaps in knowledge as well as the research needs required to perform a reliable benefit/risk assessment in terms of long-term human health consequences due to dietary nitrate/nitrite intake are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Habermeyer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany**
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Gunnerbeck A, Edstedt Bonamy AK, Wikström AK, Granath F, Wickström R, Cnattingius S. Maternal snuff use and smoking and the risk of oral cleft malformations--a population-based cohort study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84715. [PMID: 24454740 PMCID: PMC3893163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine if maternal use of snuff (containing high levels of nicotine, low levels of nitrosamines and no combustion products) is associated with an increased risk of oral cleft malformations in the infant and whether cessation of snuff use or smoking before the antenatal booking influences the risk. Method A population-based cohort study was conducted on all live born infants, recorded in the Swedish Medical Birth Register from 1999 through 2009 (n = 1 086 213). Risks of oral clefts were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analyses (using adjusted odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals [CI]). Results Among 975 866 infants that had information on maternal tobacco use, 1761 cases of oral clefts were diagnosed. More than 50% of the mothers who used snuff or smoked three months prior pregnancy stopped using before the antenatal booking. Almost 8% of the mothers were smoking at the antenatal booking and 1,1% of the mothers used snuff. Compared with infants of non-tobacco users, the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of any oral cleft for infants of mothers who continued to use snuff or to smoke were 1.48 [1.00–2.21] and 1.19 [1.01–1.41], respectively. In contrast, in infants of mothers who stopped using snuff or stopped smoking before the antenatal booking, the corresponding risks were not increased (adjusted odds ratios [95% CI] were 0.71 [0.44–1.14] and 0.88 [0.73–1.05], respectively). Conclusion Maternal snuff use or smoking in early pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of oral clefts. Infants of mothers who stopped using snuff or stopped smoking before the antenatal booking had no increased risk of oral cleft malformations. Oral snuff or other sources of nicotine should not be recommended as an alternative for smoke-cessation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gunnerbeck
- Department of Women's and Children's Health at Karolinska Institutet, Neonatal Research Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna-Karin Edstedt Bonamy
- Department of Women's and Children's Health at Karolinska Institutet, Neonatal Research Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Wikström
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health at Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Granath
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronny Wickström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health at Karolinska Institutet, Neonatal Research Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Cnattingius
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Brender JD, Weyer PJ, Romitti PA, Mohanty BP, Shinde MU, Vuong AM, Sharkey JR, Dwivedi D, Horel SA, Kantamneni J, Huber JC, Zheng Q, Werler MM, Kelley KE, Griesenbeck JS, Zhan FB, Langlois PH, Suarez L, Canfield MA. Prenatal nitrate intake from drinking water and selected birth defects in offspring of participants in the national birth defects prevention study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:1083-9. [PMID: 23771435 PMCID: PMC3764078 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of prenatal exposure to drinking-water nitrate and birth defects in offspring have not accounted for water consumption patterns or potential interaction with nitrosatable drugs. OBJECTIVES We examined the relation between prenatal exposure to drinking-water nitrate and selected birth defects, accounting for maternal water consumption patterns and nitrosatable drug exposure. METHODS With data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, we linked addresses of 3,300 case mothers and 1,121 control mothers from the Iowa and Texas sites to public water supplies and respective nitrate measurements. We assigned nitrate levels for bottled water from collection of representative samples and standard laboratory testing. Daily nitrate consumption was estimated from self-reported water consumption at home and work. RESULTS With the lowest tertile of nitrate intake around conception as the referent group, mothers of babies with spina bifida were 2.0 times more likely (95% CI: 1.3, 3.2) to ingest ≥ 5 mg nitrate daily from drinking water (vs. < 0.91 mg) than control mothers. During 1 month preconception through the first trimester, mothers of limb deficiency, cleft palate, and cleft lip cases were, respectively, 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1, 3.1), 1.9 (95% CI: 1.2, 3.1), and 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1, 3.1) times more likely than control mothers to ingest ≥ 5.42 mg of nitrate daily (vs. < 1.0 mg). Higher water nitrate intake did not increase associations between prenatal nitrosatable drug use and birth defects. CONCLUSIONS Higher water nitrate intake was associated with several birth defects in offspring, but did not strengthen associations between nitrosatable drugs and birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean D Brender
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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Shinde MU, Vuong AM, Brender JD, Werler MM, Kelley KE, Huber JC, Sharkey JR, Zheng Q, Suarez L, Langlois PH, Canfield MA, Romitti PA, Malik S. Prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs, vitamin C, and risk of selected birth defects. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART A, CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY 2013; 97:515-31. [PMID: 23716465 PMCID: PMC5893146 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nitrosatable drugs, such as secondary or tertiary amines and amides react with nitrite in an acidic environment to form N-nitroso compounds, teratogens in animal models. Vitamin C is a known nitrosation inhibitor. METHODS Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, we assessed nitrosatable drug exposure and vitamin C intake during the first trimester among 11,606 case-mothers of infants with oral clefts, limb deficiencies (LDs), or congenital heart defects and 6807 control-mothers of infants without major birth defects during 1997-2005. Daily intake of vitamin C was estimated from maternal interviews that elicited information about supplement use and dietary intake. RESULTS With no reported use of nitrosatable drugs as the referent group, a lower odds ratio (OR) was observed for transverse LDs among births to mothers exposed to secondary amine drugs and daily vitamin C supplementation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83-1.8) compared with women taking these drugs and no supplementation (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.5-4.6). The OR for longitudinal LDs associated with secondary amine exposure was lower with daily dietary vitamin C intake ≥85 mg (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 0.68-2.0) compared with <85 mg (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.1). Daily vitamin C supplementation in combination with higher dietary vitamin C intake reduced associations between nitrosatable drug exposures and limb deficiencies and atrial septal defects not otherwise specified. CONCLUSION Prenatal dietary and vitamin C supplement intake may diminish the association between nitrosatable drug exposure during pregnancy and selected birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayura U Shinde
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, School of Rural Public Health, College Station, Texas 77843-1266, USA.
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Huber JC, Brender JD, Zheng Q, Sharkey JR, Vuong AM, Shinde MU, Griesenbeck JS, Suarez L, Langlois PH, Canfield MA, Romitti PA, Weyer PJ. Maternal dietary intake of nitrates, nitrites and nitrosamines and selected birth defects in offspring: a case-control study. Nutr J 2013; 12:34. [PMID: 23514444 PMCID: PMC3607976 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary intake of nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines can increase the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds in the stomach. Results from animal studies suggest that these compounds might be teratogenic. We examined the relationship between maternal dietary intake of nitrates, nitrites (including plant and animal sources as separate groups), and nitrosamines and several types of birth defects in offspring. Methods For this population-based case–control study, data from a 58-question food frequency questionnaire, adapted from the short Willett Food Frequency Questionnaire and administered as part of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), were used to estimate daily intake of dietary nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines in a sample of 6544 mothers of infants with neural tube defects (NTD)s, oral clefts (OC)s, or limb deficiencies (LD)s and 6807 mothers of unaffected control infants. Total daily intake of these compounds was divided into quartiles based on the control mother distributions. Odds ratios (OR)s and 95% confidence intervals (CI)s were estimated using logistic regression; estimates were adjusted for maternal daily caloric intake, maternal race-ethnicity, education, dietary folate intake, high fat diet (> 30% of calories from fat), and state of residence. Results While some unadjusted ORs for NTDS had 95% (CI)s that excluded the null value, none remained significant after adjustment for covariates, and the effect sizes were small (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] <1.12). Similar results were found for OCs and LDs with the exception of animal nitrites and cleft lip with/without cleft palate (aORs and CIs for quartile 4 compared to quartile 1 =1.24; CI=1.05-1.48), animal nitrites and cleft lip (4th quartile aOR=1.32; CI=1.01-1.72), and total nitrite and intercalary LD (4th quartile aOR=4.70; CI=1.23-17.93). Conclusions Overall, odds of NTDs, OCs or LDs did not appear to be significantly associated with estimated dietary intake of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Huber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Rural Public Health, MS 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-1266, USA.
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Suarez L, Felkner M, Brender JD, Canfield M, Zhu H, Hendricks KA. Neural tube defects on the Texas-Mexico border: What we've learned in the 20 years since the Brownsville cluster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:882-92. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Brender JD, Werler MM, Shinde MU, Vuong AM, Kelley KE, Huber JC, Sharkey JR, Griesenbeck JS, Romitti PA, Malik S, Suarez L, Langlois PH, Canfield MA. Nitrosatable drug exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy and selected congenital malformations. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART A, CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY 2012; 94:701-13. [PMID: 22903972 PMCID: PMC3488451 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrosatable drugs can react with nitrite in the stomach to form N-nitroso compounds, and results from animal studies suggest that N-nitroso compounds are teratogens. With data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, the relation between prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs and limb deficiencies, oral cleft, and heart malformations in offspring was examined. METHODS Maternal reports of drugs taken during the first trimester of pregnancy were classified with respect to nitrosatability for mothers of 741 babies with limb deficiencies, 2774 with oral cleft malformations, 8091 with congenital heart malformations, and 6807 without major congenital malformations. Nitrite intake was estimated from maternal responses to a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Isolated transverse limb deficiencies and atrioventricular septal defects were associated with secondary amine drug exposures (adjusted odds ratios [aORs], 1.51; 95% confidence limit [CI], 1.11-2.06 and aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.19-3.26, respectively). Tertiary amines were associated with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (aOR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.10-2.04) and single ventricle (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.06-2.45). These two malformations were also significantly associated with amide drugs. For several malformations, the strongest associations with nitrosatable drug use occurred among mothers with the highest estimated dietary nitrite intake, especially for secondary amines and atrioventricular septal defects (highest tertile of nitrite, aOR, 3.30; 95% CI, 1.44-7.58). CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to nitrosatable drugs may be associated with several congenital malformations, especially with higher nitrite intake. The possible interaction between nitrosatable drugs and dietary nitrite on risk of congenital malformations warrants further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean D Brender
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, School of Rural Public Health, College Station, Texas 77843-1266, USA.
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