1
|
Harris HR, Peres LC, Johnson CE, Guertin KA, Beeghly A, Bandera EV, Bethea TN, Joslin CE, Wu AH, Moorman PG, Ochs-Balcom HM, Petrick JL, Setiawan VW, Rosenberg L, Schildkraut JM, Myers E. Racial Differences in the Association of Endometriosis and Uterine Leiomyomas With the Risk of Ovarian Cancer. Obstet Gynecol 2023; 141:1124-1138. [PMID: 37159277 PMCID: PMC10440275 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between endometriosis and uterine leiomyomas with ovarian cancer risk by race and the effect of hysterectomy on these associations. METHODS We used data from four case-control studies and two case-control studies nested within prospective cohorts in the OCWAA (Ovarian Cancer in Women of African Ancestry) consortium. The study population included 3,124 Black participants and 5,458 White participants, of whom 1,008 Black participants and 2,237 White participants had ovarian cancer. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the associations of endometriosis and leiomyomas with ovarian cancer risk, by race, stratified by histotype and hysterectomy. RESULTS The prevalences of endometriosis and leiomyomas were 6.4% and 43.2% among Black participants and 7.0% and 21.5% among White participants, respectively. Endometriosis was associated with an increased risk of endometrioid and clear-cell ovarian cancer in both racial groups (eg, OR for endometrioid tumors for Black and White participants 7.06 [95% CI 3.86-12.91] and 2.17 [95% CI 1.36-3.45], respectively, Phetereogeneity =.003). The association between endometriosis and ovarian cancer risk in White participants was stronger in those without hysterectomy, but no difference was observed in Black participants (all Pinteraction ≥.05). Leiomyomas were associated with an elevated risk of ovarian cancer only in those without hysterectomy in both Black (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11-1.62) and White (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.41) participants (all Pinteraction ≥.05). CONCLUSIONS Black and White participants with endometriosis had a higher risk of ovarian cancer, and hysterectomy modified this association among White participants. Leiomyomas were associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer in both racial groups, with hysterectomy modifying the risk in both groups. Understanding how racial differences in access to care and treatment options (eg, hysterectomy) may help guide future risk reduction strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly R. Harris
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lauren C. Peres
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Courtney E. Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristin A. Guertin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Alicia Beeghly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Traci N. Bethea
- Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Campus, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Charlotte E. Joslin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patricia G. Moorman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Heather M. Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Veronica W. Setiawan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Evan Myers
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ring LL, Baandrup L, Zheng G, Gottschau M, Dehlendorff C, Mellemkjær L, Kjaer SK. Hysterectomy and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer by histologic type, endometriosis, and menopausal hormone therapy. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 84:102359. [PMID: 37054550 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This nationwide, register-based case-control study investigated the association between hysterectomy and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer according to histology and by history of endometriosis and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use. METHODS From the Danish Cancer Registry, all women registered with epithelial ovarian cancer at age 40-79 years during 1998-2016 were identified (n = 6738). Each case was sex- and age-matched to 15 population controls using risk-set sampling. Information on previous hysterectomy on benign indication and potential confounders was retrieved from nationwide registers. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between hysterectomy and ovarian cancer according to histology, endometriosis, and use of MHT. RESULTS Hysterectomy was not associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer overall (OR=0.99; 95% CI 0.91 -1.09) but was associated with reduced risk of clear cell ovarian cancer (OR=0.46; 95% CI 0.28-0.78). In stratified analyses, decreased ORs associated with hysterectomy were seen in women with endometriosis (OR=0.74; 95% CI 0.50-1.10) and in non-users of MHT (OR=0.87; 95% CI 0.76-1.01). In contrast, among long-term MHT users, hysterectomy was associated with increased odds for ovarian cancer (OR=1.20; 95% CI 1.03-1.39). CONCLUSION Hysterectomy was not associated with epithelial ovarian cancer overall but with reduced risk of clear cell ovarian cancer. Our findings may suggest a reduced risk of ovarian cancer after hysterectomy in women with endometriosis and in MHT non-users. Interestingly our data pointed to an increased ovarian cancer risk associated with hysterectomy among long-term users of MHT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linea Landgrebe Ring
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Baandrup
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guoqiao Zheng
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Gottschau
- Unit of Diet, Cancer and Health, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Dehlendorff
- Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Mellemkjær
- Unit of Diet, Cancer and Health, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Endometriosis and menopausal hormone therapy impact the hysterectomy-ovarian cancer association. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 164:195-201. [PMID: 34776242 PMCID: PMC9444325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between hysterectomy and ovarian cancer, and to understand how hormone therapy (HT) use and endometriosis affect this association. METHODS We conducted a pooled analysis of self-reported data from 11 case-control studies in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC). Women with (n = 5350) and without ovarian cancer (n = 7544) who never used HT or exclusively used either estrogen-only therapy (ET) or estrogen+progestin therapy (EPT) were included. Risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer adjusted for duration of ET and EPT use and stratified on history of endometriosis was determined using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Overall and among women without endometriosis, there was a positive association between ovarian cancer risk and hysterectomy (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.09-1.31 and OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.32, respectively), but no association upon adjusting for duration of ET and EPT use (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.94-1.16 and OR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.95-1.18, respectively). Among women with a history of endometriosis, there was a slight inverse association between hysterectomy and ovarian cancer risk (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.69-1.26), but this association became stronger and statistically significant after adjusting for duration of ET and EPT use (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.48-0.99). CONCLUSIONS The hysterectomy-ovarian cancer association is complex and cannot be understood without considering duration of ET and EPT use and history of endometriosis. Failure to take these exposures into account in prior studies casts doubt on their conclusions. Overall, hysterectomy is not risk-reducing for ovarian cancer, however the inverse association among women with endometriosis warrants further investigation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Peres LC, Bethea TN, Camacho TF, Bandera EV, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Chyn DL, Harris HR, Joslin CE, Moorman PG, Myers E, Ochs-Balcom HM, Rosenow W, Setiawan VW, Wu AH, Rosenberg L, Schildkraut JM. Racial Differences in Population Attributable Risk for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in the OCWAA Consortium. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 113:710-718. [PMID: 33252629 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causes of racial disparities in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) incidence remain unclear. Differences in the prevalence of ovarian cancer risk factors may explain disparities in EOC incidence among African American (AA) and White women. METHODS We used data from 4 case-control studies and 3 case-control studies nested within prospective cohorts in the Ovarian Cancer in Women of African Ancestry Consortium to estimate race-specific associations of 10 known or suspected EOC risk factors using logistic regression. Using the Bruzzi method, race-specific population attributable risks (PAR) were estimated for each risk factor individually and collectively, including groupings of exposures (reproductive factors and modifiable factors). All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS Among 3244 White EOC cases and 9638 controls and 1052 AA EOC cases and 2410 controls, AA women had a statistically significantly higher PAR (false discovery rate [FDR] P < .001) for first-degree family history of breast cancer (PAR = 10.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.5% to 13.7%) compared with White women (PAR = 2.6%, 95% CI = 0.8% to 4.4%). After multiple test correction, AA women had a higher PAR than White women when evaluating all risk factors collectively (PAR = 61.6%, 95% CI = 48.6% to 71.3% vs PAR = 43.0%, 95% CI = 32.8% to 51.4%, respectively; FDR P = .06) and for modifiable exposures, including body mass index, oral contraceptives, aspirin, and body powder (PAR = 36.0%, 95% CI = 21.0% to 48.8% vs PAR = 13.8%, 95% CI = 4.5% to 21.8%, respectively; FDR P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the selected risk factors accounted for slightly more of the risk among AA than White women, and interventions to reduce EOC incidence that are focused on multiple modifiable risk factors may be slightly more beneficial to AA women than White women at risk for EOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Peres
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Traci N Bethea
- Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Campus, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tareq F Camacho
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deanna L Chyn
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Holly R Harris
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charlotte E Joslin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patricia G Moorman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Evan Myers
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Heather M Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Will Rosenow
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - V Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most fatal cancers diagnosed in women in the United States (U.S.). Data from national databases, including the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program, show racial/ethnic differences in risk and survival of epithelial ovarian cancer with higher incidence among white women yet worse survival among African-American women compared to other racial/ethnic groups. The reasons for these differences are not well understood, but are likely multi-factorial. Epidemiologic studies suggest there may be some risk factor differences across racial/ethnic groups that would explain differences in the incidence of this rare and heterogeneous disease. Likewise, although data suggest that socioeconomic factors and access to care contribute to the disparity in ovarian cancer survival among African-American women, there are likely other contributing factors that have not as of yet been identified. Small sample sizes of minority women from individual studies do not provide adequate power to evaluate fully the contributions of environmental, genetic, and clinical factors associated with ovarian cancer risk and survival within these groups. Pooling existing data from individual epidemiologic studies has made a valuable contribution; however, new data collection is warranted to further our understanding of the underpinnings of the disparities in ovarian cancer that may lead to prevention and improved survival across all racial/ethnic groups.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dixon-Suen SC, Webb PM, Wilson LF, Tuesley K, Stewart LM, Jordan SJ. The Association Between Hysterectomy and Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Record-Linkage Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 111:1097-1103. [PMID: 30753695 PMCID: PMC6792101 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have called into question the long-held belief that hysterectomy without oophorectomy protects against ovarian cancer. This population-based longitudinal record-linkage study aimed to explore this relationship, overall and by age at hysterectomy, time period, surgery type, and indication for hysterectomy. METHODS We followed the female adult Western Australian population (837 942 women) across a 27-year period using linked electoral, hospital, births, deaths, and cancer records. Surgery dates were determined from hospital records, and ovarian cancer diagnoses (n = 1640) were ascertained from cancer registry records. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between hysterectomy and ovarian cancer incidence. RESULTS Hysterectomy without oophorectomy (n = 78 594) was not associated with risk of invasive ovarian cancer overall (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.85 to 1.11) or with the most common serous subtype (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.89 to 1.23). Estimates did not vary statistically significantly by age at procedure, time period, or surgical approach. However, among women with endometriosis (5.8%) or with fibroids (5.7%), hysterectomy was associated with substantially decreased ovarian cancer risk overall (HR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.24, and HR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.20 to 0.36, respectively) and across all subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that for most women, having a hysterectomy with ovarian conservation is not likely to substantially alter their risk of developing ovarian cancer. However, our results, if confirmed, suggest that ovarian cancer risk reduction could be considered as a possible benefit of hysterectomy when making decisions about surgical management of endometriosis or fibroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Dixon-Suen
- Correspondence to: Suzanne C. Dixon-Suen, MEpi, Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston Qld 4029, Australia (e-mail: )
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hysterectomy and risk of ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 299:599-607. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-5020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
8
|
Peres LC, Risch H, Terry KL, Webb PM, Goodman MT, Wu AH, Alberg AJ, Bandera EV, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Bondy ML, Cote ML, Funkhouser E, Moorman PG, Peters ES, Schwartz AG, Terry PD, Manichaikul A, Abbott SE, Camacho F, Jordan SJ, Nagle CM, Rossing MA, Doherty JA, Modugno F, Moysich K, Ness R, Berchuck A, Cook L, Le N, Brooks-Wilson A, Sieh W, Whittemore A, McGuire V, Rothstein J, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Pearce CL, Tseng C, Pike M, Schildkraut JM. Racial/ethnic differences in the epidemiology of ovarian cancer: a pooled analysis of 12 case-control studies. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:460-472. [PMID: 29211900 PMCID: PMC5913601 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer incidence differs substantially by race/ethnicity, but the reasons for this are not well understood. Data were pooled from the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES) and 11 case-control studies in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC) to examine racial/ethnic differences in epidemiological characteristics with suspected involvement in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) aetiology. Methods We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate associations for 17 reproductive, hormonal and lifestyle characteristics and EOC risk by race/ethnicity among 10 924 women with invasive EOC (8918 Non-Hispanic Whites, 433 Hispanics, 911 Blacks, 662 Asian/Pacific Islanders) and 16 150 controls (13 619 Non-Hispanic Whites, 533 Hispanics, 1233 Blacks, 765 Asian/Pacific Islanders). Likelihood ratio tests were used to evaluate heterogeneity in the risk factor associations by race/ethnicity. Results We observed statistically significant racial/ethnic heterogeneity for hysterectomy and EOC risk (P = 0.008), where the largest odds ratio (OR) was observed in Black women [OR = 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.34-2.02] compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Although not statistically significant, the associations for parity, first-degree family history of ovarian or breast cancer, and endometriosis varied by race/ethnicity. Asian/Pacific Islanders had the greatest magnitude of association for parity (≥3 births: OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.28-0.54), and Black women had the largest ORs for family history (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.42-2.21) and endometriosis (OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.65-3.55). Conclusions Although racial/ethnic heterogeneity was observed for hysterectomy, our findings support the validity of EOC risk factors across all racial/ethnic groups, and further suggest that any racial/ethnic population with a higher prevalence of a modifiable risk factor should be targeted to disseminate information about prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Peres
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Harvey Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute
- Community and Population Health Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony J Alberg
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michele L Cote
- Karmanos Cancer Institute Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ellen Funkhouser
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patricia G Moorman
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Edward S Peters
- Department of Epidemiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Paul D Terry
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sarah E Abbott
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fabian Camacho
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Susan J Jordan
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christina M Nagle
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, Magee-Womens Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kirsten Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Roberta Ness
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Linda Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alice Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Rothstein
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chiuchen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Malcom Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|