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Sumin AN, Shcheglova AV, Barbarash OL. New Indicator of Arterial Stiffness START-Is There a Prognostic Value of Its Dynamics in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease? Biomedicines 2024; 12:1638. [PMID: 39200103 PMCID: PMC11351605 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the one-year dynamics of the new index START in patients with coronary artery disease after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS Patients with coronary artery disease (n = 196) whose START index was assessed before CABG and one year after surgery. Depending on the dynamics of the stiffness index, three groups of patients were identified: 1st-with a decrease in haSTART (n = 79, 40.3%), 2nd-without dynamics (n = 52, 26.5%), and 3rd. Patients were followed for 10 years, and groups were compared for all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke/transient ischemic attack, and a composite endpoint. RESULTS In the group with an increase in the haSTART index, type D personality was identified more often (53.8%) than in the group without changes in haSTAR (26.9%) or with a decrease in the haSTAR index (34.2%) (p = 0.008). In the long-term follow-up period, death from all causes was significantly more common in the group with an increase in haSTART (33.9%) and in the group without changes in haSTART (23.1%) than in the group with a decrease in haSTART (11.4%, p = 0.005). Patients with an increase in haSTART more often had MACE (death, MI, stroke/TIA)-in 47.7% of cases (p = 0.01), compared with patients with a decrease in haSTART (in 24.1% of cases) and without change in haSTART (by 30.8%). Kaplan-Meier curves revealed better long-term survival rates in the group with a decrease in the haSTART index (p = 0.024). Multivariate analysis showed that a decrease in the haSTART index one year after CABG was associated with a decrease in mortality (HR 0.462; 95% CI 0.210-1.016; p = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS The dynamics of the haSTART arterial stiffness index one year after CABG has prognostic significance in the long-term follow-up period. In addition, in the group with an increase in the haSTART index, personality type D is more common. Further studies need to study which interventions in patients with coronary artery disease can cause favorable dynamics in the haSTART index and to what extent psychological characteristics can influence these dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N. Sumin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Disease”, Blvd. Named Academician L.S. Barbarasha 6, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.L.B.)
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Cuspidi C, Facchetti R, Gherbesi E, Quarti-Trevano F, Dell'Oro R, Mancia G, Grassi G. Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index and left ventricular mass as markers of nocturnal blood pressure fall in the general population. Clin Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00392-024-02485-4. [PMID: 38958752 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-024-02485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings regarding the association between Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and the extent of nocturnal blood pressure (BP) fall in the general population are scanty. We sought to investigate this issue in the participants enrolled in the Pressioni Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study. METHODS The study included 491 participants who attended the second and third surveys of the PAMELA study performed after 10 and 25 years from the initial evaluation. Data collection included medical history, anthropometric parameters, office, home, ambulatory blood pressure BP monitoring (ABPM), blood examinations, echocardiography, and CAVI measurements. RESULTS In the whole study, both CAVI and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were inversely correlated with nocturnal SBP fall, expressed as day-night percent change (r = - 0.152, p = 0.0007, and r = - 0.213, p < 0.0001, respectively). However, after adjustment for sex and age, the correlation remained significant only for LVMI (r = - 0.124, p = 0.006). Non-dipper participants exhibited significantly higher sex-age adjusted LVMI (91 ± 22 vs 82 ± 18 g/m2 (p < 0.0001)), but not of CAVI (9.07 ± 2.0 and 9.57 ± 2.2 m/s, p = ns). Similar results were found when classifying participants into quartiles of nocturnal SBP drop. Finally, both sex-age adjusted CAVI and LVMI were positively correlated with mean nocturnal SBP (r = 0.181, p < 0.001, and r = 0.240, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Although arterial stiffness assessed by CAVI, unlike LVMI, is unrelated with the degree of nocturnal BP drop, this marker is useful in identifying nocturnal hypertension and optimizing cardiovascular risk stratification in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Cuspidi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Rita Facchetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Gherbesi
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Dell'Oro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Xing X, Hong J, Alastruey J, Long X, Liu H, Dong WF. Robust arterial compliance estimation with Katz's fractal dimension of photoplethysmography. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1398904. [PMID: 38915780 PMCID: PMC11194390 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1398904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Arterial compliance (AC) plays a crucial role in vascular aging and cardiovascular disease. The ability to continuously estimate aortic AC or its surrogate, pulse pressure (PP), through wearable devices is highly desirable, given its strong association with daily activities. While the single-site photoplethysmography (PPG)-derived arterial stiffness indices show reasonable correlations with AC, they are susceptible to noise interference, limiting their practical use. To overcome this challenge, our study introduces a noise-resistant indicator of AC: Katz's fractal dimension (KFD) of PPG signals. We showed that KFD integrated the signal complexity arising from compliance changes across a cardiac cycle and vascular structural complexity, thereby decreasing its dependence on individual characteristic points. To assess its capability in measuring AC, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation using both in silico studies with 4374 virtual human data and real-world measurements. In the virtual human studies, KFD demonstrated a strong correlation with AC (r = 0.75), which only experienced a slight decrease to 0.66 at a signal-to-noise ratio of 15dB, surpassing the best PPG-morphology-derived AC measure (r = 0.41) under the same noise condition. In addition, we observed that KFD's sensitivity to AC varied based on the individual's hemodynamic status, which may further enhance the accuracy of AC estimations. These in silico findings were supported by real-world measurements encompassing diverse health conditions. In conclusion, our study suggests that PPG-derived KFD has the potential to continuously and reliably monitor arterial compliance, enabling unobtrusive and wearable assessment of cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Xing
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingyuan Hong
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Alastruey
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xi Long
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Wen-Fei Dong
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
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Cuspidi C, Facchetti R, Quarti-Trevano F, Dell'Oro R, Mancia G, Grassi G. Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index as a Marker of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Treated Hypertensives: Findings From the Pamela Study. Am J Hypertens 2024; 37:399-406. [PMID: 38441300 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings regarding the association between Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and cardiac hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD), such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) assessed by echocardiography, in elderly hypertensive patients are scanty. We sought to investigate this issue in the hypertensive fraction of the general population treated with anti-hypertensive drugs enrolled in the Pressioni Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study. METHODS The study included 239 out of 562 participants who attended the second and third surveys of the PAMELA study performed after 10 and 25 years from the initial evaluation. Data collection included medical history, anthropometric parameters, office, home, ambulatory blood pressure (BP), blood examinations, echocardiography, and CAVI measurements. RESULTS In the whole study sample (age 69 ± 9 years, 54% males), CAVI was positively correlated with age, office, home, ambulatory systolic BP, LV mass (LVM) index, and negatively associated with body mass index (BMI). In multivariate analysis, CAVI was associated with the LVM index (P < 0.05) independently of major confounders. The participants with LVH exhibited significantly higher CAVI (10.6 ± 2.8 vs. 9.2 ± 1.8 m/s P < 0.001), larger left atrial diameter, and lower LV ejection fraction values than their counterparts without it. The CAVI value of 9.4 m/s was the best cut-off for prediction of LVH in the whole sample. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new evidence of an independent association between CAVI and LVH in treated elderly hypertensive patients and suggests that the use of this metric of arterial stiffness could not only be used to evaluate vascular damage but also to stratify the risk of LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Cuspidi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Rita Facchetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Dell'Oro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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Yatsu S, Kasai T, Naito R, Matsumoto H, Murata A, Shitara J, Shiroshita N, Kato M, Kawana F, Sato A, Ishiwata S, Shimizu M, Kato T, Suda S, Hiki M, Minamino T. Impact of sleep-disordered breathing on overnight changes in arterial stiffness in patients with acute heart failure. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:342-351. [PMID: 37783770 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Overnight increases in arterial stiffness associated with sleep-disordered breathing may adversely affect patients with acute heart failure. Thus, we investigated overnight changes in arterial stiffness and their association with sleep-disordered breathing in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure. Consecutive patients with acute heart failure were enrolled. All participants underwent overnight full polysomnography following the initial improvement of acute signs and symptoms of acute heart failure. The arterial stiffness parameter, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), was assessed before and after polysomnography. Overall, 60 patients (86.7% men) were analyzed. CAVI significantly increased overnight (from 8.4 ± 1.6 at night to 9.1 ± 1.7 in the morning, P < 0.001) in addition to systolic and diastolic blood pressure (from 114.1 mmHg to 121.6 mmHg, P < 0.001; and from 70.1 mmHg to 78.2 mmHg, P < 0.001, respectively). Overnight increase in CAVI (ΔCAVI ≥ 0) was observed in 42 patients (70%). The ΔCAVI ≥ 0 group was likely to have moderate-to-severe sleep-disordered breathing (i.e., apnea-hypopnea index ≥15, 55.6% vs 80.9%, P = 0.047) and greater obstructive respiratory events (29.4% vs 58.5%, P = 0.041). In multivariable analysis, moderate-to-severe sleep-disordered breathing and greater obstructive respiratory events were independently correlated with an overnight increase in CAVI (P = 0.033 and P = 0.042, respectively). In patients hospitalized for acute heart failure, arterial stiffness, as assessed by CAVI, significantly increased overnight. Moderate-to-severe sleep-disordered breathing and obstructive respiratory events may play an important role in the overnight increase in cardio-ankle vascular index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Yatsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Cardiovascular Management and Remote Monitoring, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Sleep and Sleep-Disordered Breathing Center, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryo Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Azusa Murata
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Shitara
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nanako Shiroshita
- Department of Cardiovascular Management and Remote Monitoring, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsue Kato
- Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fusae Kawana
- Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaki Ishiwata
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Suda
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Hiki
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Podzolkov V, Bragina A, Tarzimanova A, Vasilyeva L, Shvedov I, Druzhinina N, Rodionova Y, Ishina T, Akyol I, Maximova V, Cherepanov A. Association of COVID-19 and Arterial Stiffness Assessed using Cardiovascular Index (CAVI). Curr Hypertens Rev 2024; 20:44-51. [PMID: 38258773 PMCID: PMC11092554 DOI: 10.2174/0115734021279173240110095037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is characterized by an acute inflammatory response with the formation of endothelial dysfunction and may affect arterial stiffness. Studies of cardio-ankle vascular index in COVID-19 patients with considered cardiovascular risk factors have not been conducted. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to assess the association between cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 in hospitalized patients adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study included 174 people hospitalized with a diagnosis of moderate COVID-19 and 94 people without COVID-19. Significant differences in the cardio-ankle vascular index values measured by VaSera VS - 1500N between the two groups were analyzed using parametric (Student's t-criterion) and nonparametric (Mann-Whitney) criteria. Independent association between COVID-19 and an increased cardio-ankle vascular index ≥ 9.0 adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS There were significantly higher values of the right cardio-ankle vascular index 8.10 [7.00;9.40] and the left cardio-ankle vascular index 8.10 [6.95;9.65] in patients undergoing inpatient treatment for COVID-19 than in the control group - 7.55 [6.60;8.60] and 7.60 [6.60;8.70], respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for age, hypertension, plasma glucose level, glomerular filtration rate and diabetes mellitus showed a significant association between increased cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 (OR 2.41 [CI 1.09;5.30]). CONCLUSION Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher cardio-ankle vascular index values compared to the control group. An association between an increased cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 was revealed, independent of age, hypertension, plasma glucose level, glomerular filtration rate and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Podzolkov
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Bragina
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Aida Tarzimanova
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov Vasilyeva
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Shvedov
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya Druzhinina
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Rodionova
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ishina
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Iuliia Akyol
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina Maximova
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Cherepanov
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Tiansuwan N, Sasiprapha T, Jongjirasiri S, Unwanatham N, Thakkinstian A, Laothamatas J, Limpijankit T. Utility of coronary artery calcium in refining 10-year ASCVD risk prediction using a Thai CV risk score. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1264640. [PMID: 38028497 PMCID: PMC10652894 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1264640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scanning is a valuable additional tool for calculating the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. We aimed to determine if a CAC score could improve performance of a Thai CV risk score in prediction of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk for asymptomatic patients with CV risk factors. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study that enrolled asymptomatic patients with CV risk factors who underwent CAC scans between 2005 and 2013. The patients were classified as low-, intermediate-, or high-risk (<10%, 10%-<20%, and ≥20%, respectively) of having ASCVD within 10-years based on a Thai CV risk score. In each patient, CAC score was considered as a categorical variable (0, 1-99, and ≥100) and natural-log variable to assess the risk of developing CV events (CV death, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke). The C statistic and the net reclassification improvement (NRI) index were applied to assess whether CAC improved ASCVD risk prediction. Results A total of 6,964 patients were analyzed (mean age: 59.0 ± 8.4 years; 63.3% women). The majority of patients were classified as low- or intermediate-risk (75.3% and 20.5%, respectively), whereas only 4.2% were classified as high-risk. Nearly half (49.7%) of patients had a CAC score of zero (no calcifications detected), while 32.0% had scores of 1-99, and 18.3% of ≥100. In the low- and intermediate-risk groups, patients with a CAC ≥100 experienced higher rates of CV events, with hazard ratios (95% CI) of 1.95 (1.35, 2.81) and 3.04 (2.26, 4.10), respectively. Incorporation of ln(CAC + 1) into their Thai CV risk scores improved the C statistic from 0.703 (0.68, 0.72) to 0.716 (0.69, 0.74), and resulted in an NRI index of 0.06 (0.02, 0.10). To enhance the performance of the Thai CV risk score, a revision of the CV risk model was performed, incorporating ln(CAC + 1), which further increased the C statistic to 0.771 (0.755, 0.788). Conclusion The addition of CAC to traditional risk factors improved CV risk stratification and ASCVD prediction. Whether this adjustment leads to a reduction in CV events and is cost-effective will require further assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppanat Tiansuwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Thailand
| | - Thinnakrit Sasiprapha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Thailand
| | - Sutipong Jongjirasiri
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Thailand
| | - Nattawut Unwanatham
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Thailand
| | - Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Laothamatas
- Faculty of Heath Science Technology, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thosaphol Limpijankit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Thailand
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Antza C, Gallo A, Boutari C, Ershova A, Gurses KM, Lewek J, Mirmaksudov M, Silbernagel G, Sandstedt J, Lebedeva A. Prevention of cardiovascular disease in young adults: Focus on gender differences. A collaborative review from the EAS Young Fellows. Atherosclerosis 2023; 384:117272. [PMID: 37734996 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
A steady rise in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been observed in young adults within the last decades. This trend corresponds to an increasing prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2 among young adults living in developed countries. Moreover, age-specific risk factors, such as substance abuse, contraceptive medication, and pregnancy-related diseases also correlate with an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the available data for young adults on the epidemiology and the rationale for the causality of traditional and newly emerging risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. We focus on gender-related differences in the exposure to these risk factors, investigate the recent data regarding screening and risk stratification in the young adult population, and describe the current state of the art on lifestyle and therapeutic intervention strategies in the primary prevention setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Antza
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, 56429, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1166, Lipidology and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Department of Nutrition, APHP, Pitié-Salpètriêre Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Chrysoula Boutari
- 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Ershova
- Laboratory of Clinomics, National Medical Research Centre for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy Pereulok, 10, 101990, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kadri Murat Gurses
- Department of Cardiology, Selçuk University, School of Medicine, 42250, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Joanna Lewek
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Rzgowska St. 281/289, 93-338, Lodz, Poland; Department of Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Rzgowska St. 281/289, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mirakhmadjon Mirmaksudov
- Department of Electrophysiology, Republican Specialized Scientific Practical Medical Centre of Cardiology, Osiyo St. 4, 100052, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Günther Silbernagel
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Joakim Sandstedt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Centre Dresden University Hospital, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherst. 76, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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DuBose NG, DeJonge SR, Jeng B, Motl RW. Vascular dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: Scoping review of current evidence for informing future research directions. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 78:104936. [PMID: 37619375 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The research involving vascular comorbidity in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) could be advanced through investigations applying measurements of vascular function such as pulse wave velocity or flow mediated dilation as mechanistic endpoints in the study of physical comorbidity management in MS across the lifespan. We conducted a scoping review of research on vascular function parameters and outcomes in MS and developed a research agenda for future inquiry. METHODS We searched PubMed from inception through February 2023 for articles involving relevant central and peripheral vascular function data or correlates of vascular function (arterial stiffness, endothelial function, blood pressure parameters, etc.) in conjunction with relevant outcomes (walking function, cognition, etc.) in MS. Studies were limited to English-language and primary research articles. RESULTS Our search and subsequent screening identified 10 relevant articles. Four papers focused on arterial stiffness and reported pulse wave velocity and arterial compliance in MS compared with controls. Two papers focused on endothelial function and reported flow-mediated dilation in MS compared with controls. There was evidence that arterial stiffness and endothelial function were associated with cognition and disease progression in MS, respectively. One paper reported that physical activity was associated with arterial stiffness in MS. There was one protocol paper examining the effect of a home-based exercise program on markers of subclinical atherosclerosis; however, the results are unpublished, and there was no literature beyond this surrounding the impact of lifestyle behavior (e.g., diet) or exercise interventions on vascular function. CONCLUSION There is emerging evidence for vascular dysfunction in MS, and this is associated with cognition and disease progression; we know very little about approaches for managing vascular dysfunction in MS. To that end, we offer an agenda for research on measurements and outcomes of vascular function in relation to MS and disease attributes, along with proposed mechanisms and lifestyle changes that could aid in managing vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah G DuBose
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919W Taylor St, 650 AHSB (MC517), Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Sydney R DeJonge
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919W Taylor St, 650 AHSB (MC517), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Brenda Jeng
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919W Taylor St, 650 AHSB (MC517), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919W Taylor St, 650 AHSB (MC517), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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10
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Chen X, Li LH. Remnant Cholesterol, a Valuable Biomarker for Assessing Arteriosclerosis and Cardiovascular Risk: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e44202. [PMID: 37767252 PMCID: PMC10521762 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Arteriosclerosis, as the foundation for the development of cardiovascular diseases, is influenced by disturbances in lipid metabolism. Extensive research has consistently shown a correlation between conventional lipid parameters, arteriosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Guidelines highlight the importance of targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, with reducing LDL-C remaining the primary lipid-lowering strategy. However, even when LDL-C is lowered to optimal levels, there is a residual risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent findings have brought attention to remnant cholesterol (RC) as a significant factor contributing to this residual risk. The close association between RC, arteriosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases presents exciting opportunities for lifestyle interventions and medical treatments to control and lower RC levels, offering new targets for preventing and managing related cardiovascular conditions. Our systematic review sheds light on the importance of considering RC as a valuable biomarker in assessing arteriosclerosis and its potential impact on cardiovascular health. By understanding the link between remnant cholesterol and arteriosclerosis, researchers and healthcare professionals can develop targeted interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risks, thus improving public health outcomes and reducing the economic burden associated with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, CHN
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, CHN
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11
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Staef M, Ott C, Kannenkeril D, Striepe K, Schiffer M, Schmieder RE, Bosch A. Determinants of arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8944. [PMID: 37268640 PMCID: PMC10238522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) arterial stiffness is associated with increased cardiovascular and total mortality. Little is known about determinants of arterial stiffness in clinical routine. Identification of potential determinants of arterial stiffness will help to address treatment targets for patients in the early state of T2DM. This is a cross-sectional analysis of arterial stiffness in 266 patients in the early stage of T2DM who did not have cardiovascular or renal complications. Parameters of arterial stiffness such as central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), central pulse pressure (cPP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured with the SphygmoCor System (AtCor Medical). We investigated the influence of parameters of glucose metabolism, lipid status, body constitution, blood pressure (BP) and inflammation on the stiffness parameters using multivariate regression analysis. The study cohort consisted of male and female patients aged 61 ± 8 years with mean diabetes duration of 6.4 ± 5.1 years, mean HbA1c 7.1 ± 0.9%, mean cSBP 121 ± 12 mmHg, mean cPP 44 ± 10 mmHg and mean PWV 8.9 ± 1.8 m/s. Multiple regression analysis identified waist circumference (WC) (beta = 0.411, p = 0.026), LDL-cholesterol (beta = 0.106, p = 0.006), systolic office BP (beta = 0.936, p < 0.001) and diabetes duration (beta = 0.233, p = 0.043) as potential determinants of cSBP. cPP was determined by sex (beta = 0.330, p = 0.008), age (beta = 0.383, p < 0.001), systolic office BP (beta = 0.370, p < 0.001) and diabetes duration (beta = 0.231, p = 0.028) whereas for PWV the following determinants could be identified: age (beta = 0.405, p < 0.001), systolic office BP (beta = 0.421, p < 0.001) and diabetes duration (beta = 0.073, p = 0.038). In addition to the known parameters age, sex and systolic office BP serum LDL-cholesterol, WC and diabetes duration have been identified as determinants of arterial stiffness in patients with T2DM. Treatment of patients in the early stage of T2DM should focus on these clinical parameters to prevent progression of arterial stiffness and as a consequence reduce cardiovascular mortality.Trial registration: The patients included in the analysis participated in one of the following clinical trials NCT02752113 (registered 26.4.2016), NCT02383238 (09.03.2015), NCT02471963 (15.06.2015), NCT01319357 (21.03.2011) ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawadah Staef
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Paracelsus Medical School Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Kannenkeril
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Striepe
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland E Schmieder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Agnes Bosch
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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12
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Aortic Stiffness: A Major Risk Factor for Multimorbidity in the Elderly. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062321. [PMID: 36983321 PMCID: PMC10058400 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimorbidity, the coexistence of multiple health conditions in an individual, has emerged as one of the greatest challenges facing health services, and this crisis is partly driven by the aging population. Aging is associated with increased aortic stiffness (AoStiff), which in turn is linked with several morbidities frequently affecting and having disastrous consequences for the elderly. These include hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, anemia, ischemic stroke, and dementia. Two or more of these disorders (multimorbidity) often coexist in the same elderly patient and the specific multimorbidity pattern depends on several factors including sex, ethnicity, common morbidity routes, morbidity interactions, and genomics. Regular exercise, salt restriction, statins in patients at high atherosclerotic risk, and stringent blood pressure control are interventions that delay progression of AoStiff and most likely decrease multimorbidity in the elderly.
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13
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Park JB, Sharman JE, Li Y, Munakata M, Shirai K, Chen CH, Jae SY, Tomiyama H, Kosuge H, Bruno RM, Spronck B, Kario K, Lee HY, Cheng HM, Wang J, Budoff M, Townsend R, Avolio AP. Expert Consensus on the Clinical Use of Pulse Wave Velocity in Asia. Pulse (Basel) 2022; 10:1-18. [PMID: 36660436 PMCID: PMC9843646 DOI: 10.1159/000528208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is a progressive aging process that predicts cardiovascular disease. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) has emerged as a noninvasive, valid, and reliable measure of arterial stiffness and an independent risk predictor for adverse outcomes. However, up to now, PWV measurement has mostly been used as a tool for risk prediction and has not been widely used in clinical practice. This consensus paper aims to discuss multiple PWV measurements currently available in Asia and to provide evidence-based assessment together with recommendations on the clinical use of PWV. For the methodology, PWV measurement including the central elastic artery is essential and measurements including both the central elastic and peripheral muscular arteries, such as brachial-ankle PWV and cardio-ankle vascular index, can be a good alternative. As Asian populations are rapidly aging, timely detection and intervention of "early vascular aging" in terms of abnormally high PWV values are recommended. More evidence is needed to determine if a PWV-guided therapeutic approach will be beneficial to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases beyond current strategies. Large-scale randomized controlled intervention studies are needed to guide clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Bae Park
- JB Lab and Clinic, And Department of Precision Medicine and Biostatistics, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - James E. Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Masanori Munakata
- Research Center for Lifestyle-related Disease, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohji Shirai
- Research Center, Seijinkai, Mihama Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chen-Huan Chen
- Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sae Young Jae
- Department of Sport Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hisanori Kosuge
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rosa Maria Bruno
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
- Pharmacology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine (JMU), Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hae Young Lee
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hao-Min Cheng
- Division of Faculty Development, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Ph.D. Program of Interdisciplinary Medicine (PIM), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiguang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Raymond Townsend
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alberto P. Avolio
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Vidula MK, Bravo PE, Chirinos JA. The Role of Multimodality Imaging in the Evaluation of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Cardiol Clin 2022; 40:443-457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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