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Liu F, Qin L, Liao Z, Song J, Yuan C, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xu H, Zhang Q, Pei Y, Zhang H, Pan Y, Chen X, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhang B. Microenvironment characterization and multi-omics signatures related to prognosis and immunotherapy response of hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2020; 9:10. [PMID: 32509418 PMCID: PMC7249423 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME) affects tumor initiation, patients' prognosis and immunotherapy strategies. However, their roles and interactions with genomics and molecular processes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still have not been systematically evaluated. METHODS We performed unsupervised clustering of total 1000 HCC samples including discovery and validation group from available public datasets. Immune heterogeneity of each subtype was explored by multi-dimension analysis. And a support vector machine (SVM) model based on multi-omics signatures was trained and tested. Finally, we performed immunohistochemistry to verify the immune role of signatures. RESULTS We defined three immune subtypes in HCC, with diverse clinical, molecular, and genomic characteristics. Cluster1 had worse prognosis, better anti-tumor characteristics and highest immune scores, but also accompanied by immunosuppression and T cell dysfunction. Meanwhile, a better anti-PD1/CTLA4 immunotherapeutic response was predicted in cluster1. Cluster2 was enriched in TAM-M2 and stromal cells, indicating immunosuppression. Cluster3, with better prognosis, had lowest CD8 T cell but highest immune resting cells. Further, based on genomic signatures, we developed an SVM classifier to identify the patient's immunological status, which was divided into Type A and Type B, in which Type A had poorer prognosis, higher T cell dysfunction despite higher T cell infiltration, and had better immunotherapeutic response. At the same time, MMP9 may be a potential predictor of the immune characteristics and immunotherapeutic response in HCC. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrated 3 immune clusters with different features. More importantly, multi-omics signatures, such as MMP9 was identified based on three clusters to help us recognize patients with different prognosis and responses to immunotherapy in HCC. This study could further reveal the immune status of HCC and provide potential predictors for immune checkpoint treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
- The Second Clinical Medicine College, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Zhibin Liao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Jia Song
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Chaoyi Yuan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yachong Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yu Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Heze Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Qiaofeng Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Youliang Pei
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yonglong Pan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Zhanguo Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Wanguang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
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Galle PR, Tovoli F, Foerster F, Wörns MA, Cucchetti A, Bolondi L. The treatment of intermediate stage tumours beyond TACE: From surgery to systemic therapy. J Hepatol 2017; 67:173-183. [PMID: 28323121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is dependent on the stage of the disease. Intermediate stage HCC encompasses the largest subgroup of patients with the disease, and is characterized by substantial heterogeneity. The standard therapeutic approach, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), is probably over-used and may not be appropriate for all patients with intermediate stage HCC. In patients with extensive tumour bulk, multi-nodular spread or impaired liver function, TACE may not be optimal and other treatments can be considered as a first-line treatment. These include surgery, percutaneous ablation, radioembolization or systemic treatment. In addition, patients who do not achieve complete or partial necrosis (TACE failure) and patients with early recurrence after TACE, should be managed individually, considering systemic treatments usually reserved for advanced disease. In selected cases and in patients who achieve downstaging, radical approaches such as hepatic resection or even liver transplantation can be considered. In this review, we evaluate the current literature for the treatment strategies for patients with intermediate Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) B stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Galle
- University Medical Centre Mainz, I. Dept. of Internal Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Francesco Tovoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Unità di Medicina Interna, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Friedrich Foerster
- University Medical Centre Mainz, I. Dept. of Internal Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus A Wörns
- University Medical Centre Mainz, I. Dept. of Internal Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alessandro Cucchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Unità di Chirurgia generale e Trapianti, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Bolondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Unità di Medicina Interna, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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